Chem CatalysisPub Date : 2025-04-10DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2025.101353
Sam Van Daele, Lieven Hintjens, Daniel Choukroun, Nick Daems, Jonas Hereijgers, Tom Breugelmans
{"title":"Promoting CO2 reduction in the presence of oxygen with polymer-based gas diffusion electrodes","authors":"Sam Van Daele, Lieven Hintjens, Daniel Choukroun, Nick Daems, Jonas Hereijgers, Tom Breugelmans","doi":"10.1016/j.checat.2025.101353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2025.101353","url":null,"abstract":"The electrochemical reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> is a promising technology that holds the potential to convert waste CO<sub>2</sub> into valuable products. High carbon capture and purification costs hamper economic feasibility and drive scientists to explore the viability of directly using flue gas exhaust streams. However, flue gas impurities, such as O<sub>2</sub>, pose a great challenge because O<sub>2</sub> is preferentially reduced over CO<sub>2</sub>. Here, we show that careful design of the gas diffusion electrode (GDE) can significantly improve Faradaic efficiency. This work not only unravels how commonly used carbon-based GDEs facilitate O<sub>2</sub> reduction but also succeeds in devising polymer-based alternatives that significantly improve the Faradaic efficiency (>40%) of CO<sub>2</sub> reduction with 5% O<sub>2</sub>-containing feed streams while showing excellent stability for >2 days. These results demonstrate that it is feasible to engineer suitable GDEs for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction with impure feed streams.","PeriodicalId":53121,"journal":{"name":"Chem Catalysis","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143813988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Paired electrochemical synthesis of glycolic acid and ammonia from polyester and nitrate sewage","authors":"Yingxin Ma, Xuyun Guo, Wenfang Yuan, Peinuo Yang, Yu Zhang, Wenxuan Chen, Lejuan Cai, Valeria Nicolosi, Wenlong Wang, Yang Chai, Bocheng Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.checat.2025.101336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2025.101336","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical upcycling of nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) wastewater to ammonia offers a sustainable route for reclaiming nitrogen resources from waste. However, its practical implementation still faces substantial obstacles, including high energy input and limited selectivity. Here, we report a paired electrochemical system that combines the anodic oxidation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) hydrolysate, specifically its ethylene glycol (EG) monomer, to glycolic acid (GA) with the cathodic reduction of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> to ammonia. All of this is made possible by the discovery of a PdCu alloy anode and a CuCo alloy cathode. Built upon experimental demonstration and a theoretical understanding of the improved CO resistance on the PdCu alloy for EG oxidation, as well as the synergy between Cu and Co for NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> reduction, our paired system enables the efficient co-production of GA and ammonia from PET hydrolysate and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-containing wastewater. This conceptual design of paired electrochemistry provides an intriguing way to synthesize high-value chemicals from waste resources.","PeriodicalId":53121,"journal":{"name":"Chem Catalysis","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Oxygen-vacancy-mediated photocatalytic activity of antimony molybdenum oxide toward green ammonia synthesis","authors":"Botong Liu, Ling Huang, Terence Musho, Chih-Jung Chen, Chung-Li Dong, Chaoyun Tang, Alhassan Yasin, Yulei Wang, Hui Yang, Joeseph Bright, Peng Zheng, Ru-Shi Liu, Nianqiang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.checat.2025.101337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2025.101337","url":null,"abstract":"Oxygen vacancies in metal oxide photocatalysts are essential to activate photocatalytic activity toward nitrogen fixation, although their roles and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Unfortunately, oxygen vacancies are prone to disappear during photocatalysis processes. Herein, antimony molybdate (Sb<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>6</sub>) is proposed as a photocatalyst for green ammonia synthesis, which achieves ammonia generation rate of 6.39 μM h<sup>−1</sup>⋅g<sup>−1</sup>. Oxygen vacancies modulate the MoO<sub>6</sub> octahedra, not the tetrahedral, SbO<sub>4</sub> bilayers in the triclinic structure of Sb<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>6</sub> and result in partial reduction of Mo<sup>6+</sup> to Mo<sup>5+</sup>. Instead of oxygen vacancies themselves, Mo<sup>5+</sup> serves as active sites, favoring surface adoption of N<sub>2</sub> and formation of reaction intermediates. Oxygen vacancies are predominantly refilled over extended photocatalysis, leading to conversion of Mo<sup>5+</sup> back to Mo<sup>6+</sup> and consequent photocatalyst deactivation. Therefore, cobalt dopant is introduced to stabilize the oxygen vacancies effectively. The scientific insights obtained will guide the development of stable photocatalysts for green ammonia synthesis.","PeriodicalId":53121,"journal":{"name":"Chem Catalysis","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chem CatalysisPub Date : 2025-04-04DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2025.101338
Shaoyang Lin, Yuval Fishler, Soonho Kwon, Annette E. Böhme, Weixuan Nie, Matthias H. Richter, Moon Young Yang, Jesse E. Matthews, Zachery W.B. Iton, Brian C. Lee, Thomas F. Jaramillo, Harry A. Atwater, William A. Goddard, Wilson A. Smith, Kimberly A. See
{"title":"Cooperative effects associated with high electrolyte concentrations in driving the conversion of CO2 to C2H4 on copper","authors":"Shaoyang Lin, Yuval Fishler, Soonho Kwon, Annette E. Böhme, Weixuan Nie, Matthias H. Richter, Moon Young Yang, Jesse E. Matthews, Zachery W.B. Iton, Brian C. Lee, Thomas F. Jaramillo, Harry A. Atwater, William A. Goddard, Wilson A. Smith, Kimberly A. See","doi":"10.1016/j.checat.2025.101338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2025.101338","url":null,"abstract":"Compared to a conventional electrolyte concentration of 1 M HCOOK, the use of a highly concentrated 7.1 M HCOOK electrolyte increases the Faradaic efficiency (FE) ratio of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>/CO from 2.2 ± 0.3 to 18.3 ± 4.8 at −1.08 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) on a Cu gas-diffusion electrode. Based on electrochemical analysis and <em>ab initio</em> molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation, the identity and concentration of the cation and anion play more important roles in controlling the CO<sub>2</sub>R reaction pathway than the bulk CO<sub>2</sub> solubility and the bulk pH of electrolytes. <em>In situ</em> attenuated reflectance surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS) suggests that, unlike 1 M HCOOK, the ∗CO-bridge-binding mode on Cu is dominant in 7.1 M HCOOK electrolyte, which potentially results in less CO release and higher yield of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>. This study demonstrates that although we can tailor the electrolyte composition to shift product selectivity, the factors that control the product selectivity are numerous and cannot be distilled down into one correlated property-reactivity relationship.","PeriodicalId":53121,"journal":{"name":"Chem Catalysis","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Suppressing lattice oxygen oxidation in ruthenium oxide via equivalent substitution for sustainable oxygen evolution reaction in PEMWEs","authors":"Xiaojie Chen, Rongpeng Ma, Wenqi Jia, Xuejie Cao, Jinyang Zhang, Fangyi Cheng, Lifang Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.checat.2025.101335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2025.101335","url":null,"abstract":"Developing cost-effective Ru-based electrocatalysts for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for proton-exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs). However, the prominent lattice-oxygen-mediated mechanism (LOM) at high oxidative potential leads to crystal destruction and poor operational stability for RuO<sub>2</sub>. Here, we report that introducing equivalent Ti<sup>4+</sup> into RuO<sub>2</sub> can significantly suppress the oxidation of lattice oxygen. Spectroscopic and theoretical results demonstrate that Ti<sup>4+</sup> incorporation not only decreases the LOM ratio by weakening Ru–O bond covalency but also suppresses the dynamic activation of lattice oxygen at high oxidative bias by inhibiting Ru–O bond contraction. Potential-resolved differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) verified the decreased LOM ratio (from 53.45% to 5% at 1.8 V) after Ti<sup>4+</sup> incorporation. The equivalent-Ti<sup>4+</sup>-substituted RuO<sub>2</sub> not only exhibits an extended operation time of over 500 h at 100 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> but also withstands fluctuating voltage input (1.5–1.8 V) for 120 h in PEMWEs.","PeriodicalId":53121,"journal":{"name":"Chem Catalysis","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chem CatalysisPub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2025.101334
Qianzhen Shao, Asher C. Hollenbeak, Yaoyukun Jiang, Xinchun Ran, Brian O. Bachmann, Zhongyue J. Yang
{"title":"SubTuner leverages physics-based modeling to complement AI in enzyme engineering toward non-native substrates","authors":"Qianzhen Shao, Asher C. Hollenbeak, Yaoyukun Jiang, Xinchun Ran, Brian O. Bachmann, Zhongyue J. Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.checat.2025.101334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2025.101334","url":null,"abstract":"We developed SubTuner, a physics-based computational tool that tackles the challenge of identifying enzyme mutants with enhanced activity for specified non-native substrates. To test the performance of SubTuner, we designed three tasks, all aiming to identify beneficial anion methyltransferase mutants for synthesis of non-native <em>S</em>-adenosyl-L-methionine analogs: first, in the conversion of ethyl iodide from a pool of 190 <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> Harmless to Ozone Layer 1 (<em>At</em>HOL1) single-point mutants for an initial test of accuracy and speed; second, of ethyl, <em>n</em>-propyl, cyclopropylmethyl, and phenethyl iodides from a pool of 600 <em>Aspergillus clavatus</em> methyltransferase multi-point mutants for a test of generalizability; and, eventually, of bulkier substrates for <em>At</em>HOL1 combined with experimental characterization for a test of <em>a priori</em> predictivity. All tests demonstrated SubTuner’s ability to accelerate enzyme engineering for non-native substrates, superior to existing bioinformatics and machine-learning-based tools. SubTuner, with its physical hypothesis, quantitative accuracy, and mechanism-informing ability, holds significant potential to aid enzyme engineering for substrate scope expansion.","PeriodicalId":53121,"journal":{"name":"Chem Catalysis","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chem CatalysisPub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2025.101331
Zoutao Wang, Shuai Guo, Ziyang Shen, Ran Wei, Ruijie Jiang, Guodu Liu, Qinghai Zhou, Kang Du, Wenjun Tang
{"title":"Enantioselective palladium-catalyzed α-arylation of primary alkylamines","authors":"Zoutao Wang, Shuai Guo, Ziyang Shen, Ran Wei, Ruijie Jiang, Guodu Liu, Qinghai Zhou, Kang Du, Wenjun Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.checat.2025.101331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2025.101331","url":null,"abstract":"Chiral amines, particularly those bearing a stereocenter attached to nitrogen, are privileged and ubiquitous scaffolds in pharmaceuticals. The direct <em>α</em>-functionalization of alkylamines is synthetically attractive yet remains formidably challenging due to the inert nature of the <em>α</em>-C–H bond. To address this, the primary amines were masked with a 9-fluorenylidene moiety, which effectively enhances the acidity of the <em>α</em>-proton, facilitating deprotonation under basic conditions. The resulting <em>aza</em>-allyl anion intermediate, as a nucleophile, was then incorporated into palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling with bromoarenes. The employment of P-chiral monophosphorus ligands was essential for achieving both high regio- and enantioselectivities, allowing for unique access to chiral <em>α</em>-aryl amines in excellent enantioselectivities and moderate to good yields. The ease of installation and the subsequent removal of the 9-fluorenylidene moiety enhance the utility of this method in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry.","PeriodicalId":53121,"journal":{"name":"Chem Catalysis","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chem CatalysisPub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2025.101332
Rashid Mehmood, Fuxiang Zhang
{"title":"Recent progress in understanding mechanism of electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction via operando/in situ characterizations","authors":"Rashid Mehmood, Fuxiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.checat.2025.101332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2025.101332","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the mechanism of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) represents a bottleneck in designing efficient energy storage schemes based on water splitting. However, identifying the mechanism experimentally has proven a grand challenge. This could be due to the diverse nature of OER intermediates. Recent progress in <em>operando</em>/<em>in situ</em> characterizations has provided an unprecedented understanding of the OER mechanisms concerning active site identification, as well as other OER mechanisms. On this basis, we offer a comprehensive discussion on experimental evidence for identifying OER intermediates experimentally, aligning them with theoretical calculations in designing future green energy systems. Finally, some perspectives that are anticipated to be beneficial to addressing the current challenges in <em>operando</em>/<em>in situ</em> monitoring of active site identification and understanding of the underlying mechanisms of OER electrocatalysts are presented. This review aims to provide new insights into the rational design of OER catalytic materials and offers a complete understanding of OER mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":53121,"journal":{"name":"Chem Catalysis","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chem CatalysisPub Date : 2025-03-24DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2025.101327
Ran Bu, Shuaiqiang Jia, YuHou Pei, Danyun Xu, Di Li, Qidong Ruan, Yuting Liu, Pengfei Mu, Enqing Gao, Yingying Lu, Bing Zhang
{"title":"Stretchable asymmetric dual-atom Cu(I) electrocatalyst for enhanced CO2 reduction to C2+ products","authors":"Ran Bu, Shuaiqiang Jia, YuHou Pei, Danyun Xu, Di Li, Qidong Ruan, Yuting Liu, Pengfei Mu, Enqing Gao, Yingying Lu, Bing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.checat.2025.101327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2025.101327","url":null,"abstract":"Constructing precise catalytic sites and local microenvironments to achieve electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> conversion to valuable C<sub>2+</sub> products remains a great challenge. Here, a porous crystalline covalent organic framework (COF) containing Br-bridged dual single-atom Cu(I) sites with an asymmetric coordination environment was rationally designed and confirmed by combining single-crystal X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption fine structure analyses. The as-synthesized COF-based single-atom Cu catalyst exhibits exceptional performance in the electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reaction to C<sub>2+</sub> products, which surpasses that of most previously reported single-atom catalysts with defined coordination structures. Operando Raman spectroscopy, theoretical calculations, and control experiments were employed to verify the mechanism behind the effectiveness of the catalyst. These investigations suggest that the flexible, asymmetrically coordinated dual-atom Cu(I) sites can lower the energy barrier for generating ∗CO and ∗COCHO intermediates, thereby promoting the formation of C–C bonds necessary for C<sub>2+</sub> products.","PeriodicalId":53121,"journal":{"name":"Chem Catalysis","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strain relaxation enhances ammonia electrosynthesis from nitrate on Cu/CuAu core/shell nanocrystals with ordered intermetallic layers","authors":"Qiang Gao, Bingqing Yao, Yuanqi Liu, Lei Shi, Zihao Yan, Libang Xu, Qian He, Huiyuan Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.checat.2025.101328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2025.101328","url":null,"abstract":"Recycling ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) via the electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO<sub>3</sub>RR) offers a sustainable, energy-efficient solution for closing the nitrogen cycle while simultaneously treating nitrate-rich wastewater. In this work, we synthesized core/shell Cu/CuAu nanocubes with precisely controlled ordered intermetallic layers using a facile seed-mediated method. The compressive surface strain of the nanocrystals was finely regulated by adjusting the layers of the CuAu shell. Specifically, the strain-relaxed Cu/CuAu catalysts exhibit high NO<sub>3</sub>RR performance for NH<sub>3</sub> production, achieving a Faradic efficiency of 89.9% at −0.5 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and an exceedingly high yield rate of 11.3 mol h<sup>−1</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> at −0.6 V vs. RHE. Furthermore, Cu/CuAu catalysts show catalytic stability over 10 consecutive cycles and 12-h electrolysis. This atomic-level control of thickness allows precise tuning of the intrinsic strain to optimize catalytic reactivity, offering a promising strategy to enhance the performance of electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis.","PeriodicalId":53121,"journal":{"name":"Chem Catalysis","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}