Chem CatalysisPub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2025.101334
Qianzhen Shao, Asher C. Hollenbeak, Yaoyukun Jiang, Xinchun Ran, Brian O. Bachmann, Zhongyue J. Yang
{"title":"SubTuner leverages physics-based modeling to complement AI in enzyme engineering toward non-native substrates","authors":"Qianzhen Shao, Asher C. Hollenbeak, Yaoyukun Jiang, Xinchun Ran, Brian O. Bachmann, Zhongyue J. Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.checat.2025.101334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2025.101334","url":null,"abstract":"We developed SubTuner, a physics-based computational tool that tackles the challenge of identifying enzyme mutants with enhanced activity for specified non-native substrates. To test the performance of SubTuner, we designed three tasks, all aiming to identify beneficial anion methyltransferase mutants for synthesis of non-native <em>S</em>-adenosyl-L-methionine analogs: first, in the conversion of ethyl iodide from a pool of 190 <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> Harmless to Ozone Layer 1 (<em>At</em>HOL1) single-point mutants for an initial test of accuracy and speed; second, of ethyl, <em>n</em>-propyl, cyclopropylmethyl, and phenethyl iodides from a pool of 600 <em>Aspergillus clavatus</em> methyltransferase multi-point mutants for a test of generalizability; and, eventually, of bulkier substrates for <em>At</em>HOL1 combined with experimental characterization for a test of <em>a priori</em> predictivity. All tests demonstrated SubTuner’s ability to accelerate enzyme engineering for non-native substrates, superior to existing bioinformatics and machine-learning-based tools. SubTuner, with its physical hypothesis, quantitative accuracy, and mechanism-informing ability, holds significant potential to aid enzyme engineering for substrate scope expansion.","PeriodicalId":53121,"journal":{"name":"Chem Catalysis","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chem CatalysisPub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2025.101331
Zoutao Wang, Shuai Guo, Ziyang Shen, Ran Wei, Ruijie Jiang, Guodu Liu, Qinghai Zhou, Kang Du, Wenjun Tang
{"title":"Enantioselective palladium-catalyzed α-arylation of primary alkylamines","authors":"Zoutao Wang, Shuai Guo, Ziyang Shen, Ran Wei, Ruijie Jiang, Guodu Liu, Qinghai Zhou, Kang Du, Wenjun Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.checat.2025.101331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2025.101331","url":null,"abstract":"Chiral amines, particularly those bearing a stereocenter attached to nitrogen, are privileged and ubiquitous scaffolds in pharmaceuticals. The direct <em>α</em>-functionalization of alkylamines is synthetically attractive yet remains formidably challenging due to the inert nature of the <em>α</em>-C–H bond. To address this, the primary amines were masked with a 9-fluorenylidene moiety, which effectively enhances the acidity of the <em>α</em>-proton, facilitating deprotonation under basic conditions. The resulting <em>aza</em>-allyl anion intermediate, as a nucleophile, was then incorporated into palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling with bromoarenes. The employment of P-chiral monophosphorus ligands was essential for achieving both high regio- and enantioselectivities, allowing for unique access to chiral <em>α</em>-aryl amines in excellent enantioselectivities and moderate to good yields. The ease of installation and the subsequent removal of the 9-fluorenylidene moiety enhance the utility of this method in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry.","PeriodicalId":53121,"journal":{"name":"Chem Catalysis","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chem CatalysisPub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2025.101332
Rashid Mehmood, Fuxiang Zhang
{"title":"Recent progress in understanding mechanism of electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction via operando/in situ characterizations","authors":"Rashid Mehmood, Fuxiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.checat.2025.101332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2025.101332","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the mechanism of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) represents a bottleneck in designing efficient energy storage schemes based on water splitting. However, identifying the mechanism experimentally has proven a grand challenge. This could be due to the diverse nature of OER intermediates. Recent progress in <em>operando</em>/<em>in situ</em> characterizations has provided an unprecedented understanding of the OER mechanisms concerning active site identification, as well as other OER mechanisms. On this basis, we offer a comprehensive discussion on experimental evidence for identifying OER intermediates experimentally, aligning them with theoretical calculations in designing future green energy systems. Finally, some perspectives that are anticipated to be beneficial to addressing the current challenges in <em>operando</em>/<em>in situ</em> monitoring of active site identification and understanding of the underlying mechanisms of OER electrocatalysts are presented. This review aims to provide new insights into the rational design of OER catalytic materials and offers a complete understanding of OER mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":53121,"journal":{"name":"Chem Catalysis","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chem CatalysisPub Date : 2025-03-24DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2025.101327
Ran Bu, Shuaiqiang Jia, YuHou Pei, Danyun Xu, Di Li, Qidong Ruan, Yuting Liu, Pengfei Mu, Enqing Gao, Yingying Lu, Bing Zhang
{"title":"Stretchable asymmetric dual-atom Cu(I) electrocatalyst for enhanced CO2 reduction to C2+ products","authors":"Ran Bu, Shuaiqiang Jia, YuHou Pei, Danyun Xu, Di Li, Qidong Ruan, Yuting Liu, Pengfei Mu, Enqing Gao, Yingying Lu, Bing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.checat.2025.101327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2025.101327","url":null,"abstract":"Constructing precise catalytic sites and local microenvironments to achieve electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> conversion to valuable C<sub>2+</sub> products remains a great challenge. Here, a porous crystalline covalent organic framework (COF) containing Br-bridged dual single-atom Cu(I) sites with an asymmetric coordination environment was rationally designed and confirmed by combining single-crystal X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption fine structure analyses. The as-synthesized COF-based single-atom Cu catalyst exhibits exceptional performance in the electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reaction to C<sub>2+</sub> products, which surpasses that of most previously reported single-atom catalysts with defined coordination structures. Operando Raman spectroscopy, theoretical calculations, and control experiments were employed to verify the mechanism behind the effectiveness of the catalyst. These investigations suggest that the flexible, asymmetrically coordinated dual-atom Cu(I) sites can lower the energy barrier for generating ∗CO and ∗COCHO intermediates, thereby promoting the formation of C–C bonds necessary for C<sub>2+</sub> products.","PeriodicalId":53121,"journal":{"name":"Chem Catalysis","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strain relaxation enhances ammonia electrosynthesis from nitrate on Cu/CuAu core/shell nanocrystals with ordered intermetallic layers","authors":"Qiang Gao, Bingqing Yao, Yuanqi Liu, Lei Shi, Zihao Yan, Libang Xu, Qian He, Huiyuan Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.checat.2025.101328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2025.101328","url":null,"abstract":"Recycling ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) via the electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO<sub>3</sub>RR) offers a sustainable, energy-efficient solution for closing the nitrogen cycle while simultaneously treating nitrate-rich wastewater. In this work, we synthesized core/shell Cu/CuAu nanocubes with precisely controlled ordered intermetallic layers using a facile seed-mediated method. The compressive surface strain of the nanocrystals was finely regulated by adjusting the layers of the CuAu shell. Specifically, the strain-relaxed Cu/CuAu catalysts exhibit high NO<sub>3</sub>RR performance for NH<sub>3</sub> production, achieving a Faradic efficiency of 89.9% at −0.5 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and an exceedingly high yield rate of 11.3 mol h<sup>−1</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> at −0.6 V vs. RHE. Furthermore, Cu/CuAu catalysts show catalytic stability over 10 consecutive cycles and 12-h electrolysis. This atomic-level control of thickness allows precise tuning of the intrinsic strain to optimize catalytic reactivity, offering a promising strategy to enhance the performance of electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis.","PeriodicalId":53121,"journal":{"name":"Chem Catalysis","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chem CatalysisPub Date : 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2025.101304
Yifei Xu, Bingjun Xu
{"title":"Cation-coupled electron transfer in the oxygen reduction reaction and beyond","authors":"Yifei Xu, Bingjun Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.checat.2025.101304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2025.101304","url":null,"abstract":"In a recent issue of <em>Nature Catalysis</em>, Kim, Choi, and co-workers proposed that alkali metal (AM<sup>+</sup>) cations act as co-catalysts in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). ORR activities in different AM<sup>+</sup> concentrations overlap on the AM<sup>+</sup>-concentration-corrected electrode scale, leading to a potentially generalizable cation-coupled electron-transfer mechanism.","PeriodicalId":53121,"journal":{"name":"Chem Catalysis","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chem CatalysisPub Date : 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2025.101333
Emily H. Edwards
{"title":"Scaling solar hydrogen peroxide","authors":"Emily H. Edwards","doi":"10.1016/j.checat.2025.101333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2025.101333","url":null,"abstract":"Photocatalytic methods for producing hydrogen peroxide as both a solar fuel and a key chemical feedstock are of growing interest. In this issue of <em>Chem Catalysis</em>, Pan, Hu, Chu, and co-workers draw closer to scalable particulate photocatalysis by engineering a 1 m<sup>2</sup> solar-driven flow reactor for the conversion of water and air to hydrogen peroxide.","PeriodicalId":53121,"journal":{"name":"Chem Catalysis","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chem CatalysisPub Date : 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2025.101301
Duc Nam Do, Ngoc Thanh Ngan Thai, Bin Wang
{"title":"A Pt-Fe-Pt heterotrimer for selective hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde","authors":"Duc Nam Do, Ngoc Thanh Ngan Thai, Bin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.checat.2025.101301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2025.101301","url":null,"abstract":"Enhancing the selectivity of C=O hydrogenation without affecting the conjugated C=C bond poses a challenge in heterogeneous catalysis. In a recent work published in <em>Chem</em>, Zhou et al. prepared and characterized atomically dispersed Pt over Fe arranged in unique Pt-Fe-Pt trimer configurations, which showed highly selective hydrogenation of the C=O group in crotonaldehyde without compromising the reaction activity.","PeriodicalId":53121,"journal":{"name":"Chem Catalysis","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ligands-regulated ∗CO adsorption on two-dimensional covalent organic framework promotes selective electrochemical CO2 conversion","authors":"Yuluo Shen, Jiyuan Liu, Guoshuai Shi, Chunlei Yang, Tingyu Lu, Mingwei Chang, Yijie Wu, Shuzhou Li, Dong-Jin Qian, Liming Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.checat.2025.101325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2025.101325","url":null,"abstract":"Manipulating the adsorption/desorption of intermediates at active sites offers a promising strategy to direct specific electrocatalytic pathways. In high overpotential regimes, the desorption of ∗CO from active sites is a major limitation in electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub>-to-CO conversion, emphasizing the need to control ∗CO adsorption strength. Here, we report a series of well-defined amide-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) featuring alternating tetraaminophenylporphyrin and tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin building blocks, with M<sub>1</sub> and M<sub>2</sub> sites (M<sub>1</sub>/M<sub>2</sub> = Co, Fe). Electrochemical tests and computational models reveal that the polar ligand framework plays a key role in regulating ∗CO adsorption, a conclusion supported by <em>operando</em> spectroelectrochemical measurements. Theoretical calculations attribute this regulation to the differing <span><math><mrow is=\"true\"><msub is=\"true\"><mi is=\"true\" mathvariant=\"normal\">d</mi><msup is=\"true\"><mi is=\"true\" mathvariant=\"normal\">z</mi><mn is=\"true\">2</mn></msup></msub></mrow></math></span> band centers of the transition metals, driven by intra-layer charge transfer from polar amine bonds. This work underscores the importance of polar ligands in optimizing intermediate adsorption and enhancing CO<sub>2</sub> transformation efficiency.","PeriodicalId":53121,"journal":{"name":"Chem Catalysis","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chem CatalysisPub Date : 2025-03-18DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2025.101329
Jie Zhang, Xuanzhu Huo, Yidan Liu, Can Zhu
{"title":"Dynamic kinetic resolution and dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation of atropisomeric biaryls","authors":"Jie Zhang, Xuanzhu Huo, Yidan Liu, Can Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.checat.2025.101329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2025.101329","url":null,"abstract":"Atropisomeric biaryl compounds bearing axial chirality have been gaining increasing attention in organic chemistry. In this field, dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) and dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (DyKAT) have been demonstrated as highly effective tools in the enantioselective synthesis of atropisomeric biaryls, overcoming the limitation of kinetic resolution (KR) by pushing the theoretical yield of 50% to 100%. In this review, we summarize the development for the synthesis of optically active atropisomeric biaryls through a DKR or DyKAT route. Different racemization strategies have been developed and combined with a KR process to achieve the DKR of biaryls with hindered rotations. DyKAT is generally realized by a single catalytic system, accounting not only for epimerization of the axial chirality element in the intermediate but also for the control of enantioselectivity in the functionalization step. Finally, we discuss the limitations of existing methods and look forward to potential future research directions.","PeriodicalId":53121,"journal":{"name":"Chem Catalysis","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143640945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}