MGM Journal of Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Cetirizine-induced anaphylactic reaction refractory to steroids: A case report","authors":"Siby Joseph, RoseMerin Benny, Savya Kurian, Romia Rodriguez, Paul Puthuran","doi":"10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_65_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_65_23","url":null,"abstract":"Cetirizine is the first choice over-the-counter drug for all types of allergic reactions. Belonging to the second-generation antihistamine, it has a very high affinity for peripheral H1 receptors. It rapidly relieves symptoms, has additional anti-inflammatory effects, and is well tolerated by most people. Despite this, some adverse effects include fatigue, pharyngitis, dizziness, headaches, and dry mouth. Hypersensitivity reactions induced by cetirizine are infrequent. Here, we are reporting a case of cetirizine-induced anaphylaxis found refractory to steroid therapy.","PeriodicalId":52587,"journal":{"name":"MGM Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136367656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atracurium versus cisatracurium: A comparison of efficacy and safety of intubating dose in adult surgical patients","authors":"PradnyaS Joshi, Palak Bohra, Sanhita Kulkarni, VasantiM Sasturkar","doi":"10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_225_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_225_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Our study investigated and compared the properties of atracurium and cisatracurium, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents from the benzylisoquinolinium group. Both of these agents exhibit an intermediate duration of action. We studied the onset of neuromuscular blockade, intubating conditions, hemodynamic stability, and recovery following intubating doses. Materials and Methods: We conducted a study involving 40 patients undergoing general anesthesia, randomly assigned to two groups. Group A, consisting of 20 patients, received a dose of 0.6 mg/kg of atracurium, while Group C, also with 20 patients, received 0.15 mg/kg of cisatracurium. Throughout the surgery, we observed and recorded the time of onset of neuromuscular blockade, the intubating conditions, and the recovery following the administration of the first dose of neuromuscular blocking agents. Additionally, we continuously monitored the patient’s hemodynamic status until they recovered from the initial dose. Results: Group C exhibited a significantly faster onset of action (231.5 ± 31.2 s) than Group A (291.0 ± 14.1 s) for the administered neuromuscular blocking agents. The recovery duration following the intubating dose was notably shorter in Group A (31 ± 6.20 min) compared to Group C (50.5 ± 3.20 min). Additionally, in the cisatracurium group, all patients (100%) achieved “excellent” intubating conditions, whereas in the atracurium group, this was only the case for 60% of patients, and this difference was statistically significant. Furthermore, the atracurium group showed significantly higher heart rate and mean arterial pressure readings at different intervals than the cisatracurium group. Importantly, no adverse reactions were observed in any of the patients throughout the study. Conclusion: Compared to atracurium (0.6 mg/kg), cisatracurium at a dose of 0.15 mg/kg demonstrates superior effectiveness regarding the onset and duration of neuromuscular blockade and intubating conditions. Furthermore, cisatracurium offers a more favorable hemodynamic profile.","PeriodicalId":52587,"journal":{"name":"MGM Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136367868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of ocular manifestations and related morbidity in severely malnourished children in a tertiary eye care center","authors":"Yuri Kashiv, P. Jain, Chirag D. Patel, M. Chanchlani, Harpal Singh","doi":"10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_194_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_194_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ocular involvement is relatively common in malnourished children, and the consequences of malnutrition on the eye are frequently more severe during the formative years of life. This is a significant cause of avoidable blindness that has to be addressed with affordable methods. This study aims to determine the nature, extent, and seriousness of ocular manifestations in malnourished children and to evaluate the current prevalence given improving nutritional parameters through increased public awareness, education, and knowledge of vaccination and nutrition. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in the department of ophthalmology of a tertiary eye care center for 1 year. Eye camps were held close by in urban shantytowns. We considered 518 kids between the ages of 6 months and 5 years who lived in those slums. The patient was subjected to a general, systemic, and ocular examination, including a vision and fundus examination. Results: A total of 100 children aged 6 months and 5 years (60 months) who were severely critically malnourished were enrolled and given an eye examination. In this study, 72% of very acutely malnourished children had ocular involvement. Conjunctival pallor was the most general observation in the anterior segment in 179 of the eyes (71.5% of the eyes). Retinal hemorrhage was the most pervasive posterior segment findings in 19 eyes (36.8%). Conclusion: This study is aimed to determine how frequently ocular symptoms occurred in malnourished children who visited tertiary eye care facilities. A vital target population that requires comprehensive screening to avoid vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and detect eye problems early is preschoolers. Every child should also receive an immunization and vitamin A prophylaxis. Low socioeconomic position, illiterate parents, and inadequate sanitation were determined to be the key risk factors for VAD.","PeriodicalId":52587,"journal":{"name":"MGM Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41264505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associative role of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase 6bp del gene polymorphism in preterm delivery","authors":"Surya Panikar, Sunil Sharma, K. Sureshkumar, S. Dubey, Mansee Thakur","doi":"10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_220_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_220_22","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Preterm delivery is a major adverse birth outcome, approximately 15 million babies are born prematurely every year. There are several causes for preterm deliveries. This study focuses on folate metabolic pathways. Dietary folate plays a crucial role in premature labor. We examined the relationship between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) (C677T) and thymidylate synthase (TYMS) 6bpdel polymorphism. Materials and Methods: A total number of 300 pregnant women were selected for this study; among which (n = 150) were preterm and (n = 150) were term delivery cases. The selected samples were further processed for molecular polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The demographic profile of birth status resulted significantly with (P = 0.0001) proving chances of high infant mortality due to prematurity. Results: The genotype distribution of MTHFR C677T showed significant data (P = 0.0021) whereas insignificant genotypic distribution was observed for the TYMS gene (P = 0.067). Our results imply that genes that are involved in the folate pathway play a crucial role in early pregnancy. Conclusion: Advanced and better strategies can be brought to an improved intervention of folate at the time of pregnancy which will help to reduce the rate of premature deliveries.","PeriodicalId":52587,"journal":{"name":"MGM Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42057695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency among children attending federal medical center, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria","authors":"Ewa Ogbonnaya, ChijiokeI Ugboaja, UbaniC Dimgba, Victoria Ayuba, IhezueU Chijindu, John Wassagwa, KabirM Yusuf","doi":"10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_140_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_140_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study focuses on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, a hereditary disease with a sex-linked recessive pattern leading to abnormally low levels of G6PD. The condition is primarily associated with drug and infection-induced hemolytic anemia, neonatal jaundice, and related consequences. The absence of locally sourced evidence-based data has contributed significantly to the elevated mortality rate observed in children affected by G6PD deficiency. As a result, the main objective of this research is to determine the prevalence of G6PD deficiency among children attending the Federal Medical Centre Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Over 6 months, a study was conducted at the Federal Medical Centre in Owerri, the capital of Imo State, South Eastern Nigeria. The study involved 150 children of both sexes, aged between 1 and 10 years, whose G-6-PD status was previously unknown. With the consent of their parents, the children underwent screening for G6PD deficiency, and qualitative data were collected from the parents. G6PD deficiency was identified using standard procedures. Results: The study included 150 children between 1 and 10 years old. Of these, 68 (45.5%) were females, and 82 (54.7%) were males. The study findings indicated that 31 subjects (20.7%) were found to have G6PD deficiency. Notably, a higher percentage of males, 82 (54.7%), had G6PD deficiency compared with 68 (45.5%) females. Furthermore, the research revealed that a significant proportion of G6PD deficient children 16 (35.6%) were within the age range of 1–2 years. Conclusion: The results of this research emphasize the importance of critical stakeholders directing their efforts toward establishing an effective mechanism to improve early detection and management of G6PD deficient children.","PeriodicalId":52587,"journal":{"name":"MGM Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136366649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Otitis media and its associated risk factors: An investigation into patients’ knowledge, attitudes, practices, and information sources at a hospital setting","authors":"Padma Ramesh, Mrunal Pimparkar, Ketki Pimpalkhute, Nidhi Anam","doi":"10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_127_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_127_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Otitis media (OM) is a substantial healthcare issue globally, including in India. Despite its widespread occurrence, there has been only one prior investigation into the knowledge, attitude, practices, and sources of information (KAPS), as well as information sources regarding OM among patients in India, and this study dates back to 2009. This article unveils the findings of a recent KAPS study conducted among patients residing in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Objectives: The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the KAPS regarding OM and its associated risk factors, with a specific focus on individuals diagnosed with this ailment. Settings and Design: This research was conducted in the Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Outpatient Department (OPD) of MGM Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A cross-sectional study, the KAPS study, was conducted on 91 patients diagnosed with OM. Materials and Methods: This study used a cross-sectional methodology to assess KAPS. The research included 91 patients diagnosed with OM receiving care at the ENT-OPD of MGM Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics were used, and data normality was evaluated. Independent T-tests and analysis of variance methods were employed to compare means, followed by post hoc analysis using the Bonferroni test. Pearson coefficient test was utilized to estimate correlations, and associations were examined using the Chi-square test. Results: Most participants (47.3%) exhibited a low level of knowledge, with an average Knowledge score of 11.98 ± 4.64 out of a possible 23. The mean Attitude score was 5.37 ± 1.37 out of seven. Regarding Attitude scores, there were significant differences in educational level (P = 0.003) and socioeconomic status (P = 0.0001). The mean Practice score was 0.51 ± 0.6 out of a maximum score of three. There was a significant correlation between Knowledge and Attitude scores (P < 0.0001). Only 17.6% of the participants reported receiving any education on ear health. Conclusion: Most patients in the study demonstrated a lack of comprehensive knowledge. While a positive attitude was common among the majority, the average Practice score remained relatively modest. This research underscores the significance of community education initiatives focused on OM to boost awareness and reduce the burden of this condition.","PeriodicalId":52587,"journal":{"name":"MGM Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136367647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A prospective study to analyze the functional outcome of the femoral neck system in femoral neck fractures","authors":"Arvind Vatkar, Sachin Kale, Ronak Mishra, Sushmit Singh, Ajit Chalak, Rahul Ghodke, Sonali Das, Nikhil Issacs, Suraj Doshi","doi":"10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_138_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_138_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In 2017, a new fixation device called the femoral neck system (FNS), manufactured by DePuy Synthes orthopedics company of Johnson & Johnson, was introduced to manage femoral neck fractures. The primary objective of this study was to present our firsthand experience with this device in treating femoral neck fractures and to evaluate its clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: With ethical committee approval, we conducted a prospective study involving patients aged 18 years or older but no more than 60 years. The study included a final sample size of 30 participants, selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patient records were reviewed to collect data on blood loss, fracture type, internal fixation methods, and the duration of clinical follow-up. Continuous variables were analyzed, and their mean values, standard deviations, and ranges were reported. The clinical assessment of patients was carried out using the Harris hip score and postoperative X-rays at regular intervals. Results: In our study, the gender distribution among the patients showed that 60% were females and 40% were males. The patient’s average age was 44.12 years, with a standard deviation of 2 years. The functional outcomes of patients treated with FNS using the hospital for special surgery (HSS) method were compared at different postoperative time points: 6 weeks, 3 months, and 12 months. The statistical analysis revealed significant differences in functional outcomes at these time intervals. During the study, two cases of postoperative complications were observed among the patients. These complications were addressed through specific interventions, namely bipolar hemiarthroplasty and shoe raise to correct limb shortening. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that FNS yielded positive outcomes, significantly improving the HSS scores. Additionally, we observed that FNS was associated with minimal intraoperative blood loss in the cases we examined.","PeriodicalId":52587,"journal":{"name":"MGM Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136368302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 vaccination: A twisted web of crime","authors":"M. Jalal, Riyas Basheer","doi":"10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_12_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_12_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52587,"journal":{"name":"MGM Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46669582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renal-limited systemic lupus erythematosus: Avoiding delay in diagnosis","authors":"Inderjot Kaur, Aditya Nayak, A. Kejriwal","doi":"10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_10_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_10_23","url":null,"abstract":"Nephrotic syndrome (NS) and glomerulonephritis (GN) are disorders of varied etiologies. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is one of the multisystemic diseases causing NS and GN. SLE is often suspected whenever NS/GN is associated with extrarenal manifestations. However, it presents solely as NS or GN without extrarenal features in a handful of cases. This affects the prognosis adversely as negligent delay in diagnosis of SLE and initiation of immunosuppressive therapy is associated with poorer response. We present a series of five women who presented solely with renal manifestations. The diagnosis of SLE was delayed, as the women did not have any extrarenal features. We started immunosuppressive therapy after a diagnosis of lupus nephritis was made in retrospect after a kidney biopsy. This case series highlights the importance of performing serology tests for SLE in all young female patients who present with NS/GN to avoid delay in diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":52587,"journal":{"name":"MGM Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41632868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BI-RADS 3 lesions in North Indian population: Their outcome and how to proceed for follow-up","authors":"S. Wahab, Naimatullah Najeeb, Atiya Zaka-ur-Rab","doi":"10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_45_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_45_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) classification for breast lesions was proposed for uniformity in categorizing breast lesions. While BI-RADS 1, 2 and 4–6 categories are straightforward, BI-RADS 3 is an intermediate category lesion with significantly different meanings and findings for mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging and is diagnostically challenging. Our study aims to determine the frequency and the malignancy rate of BI-RADS category 3 lesions detected on ultrasound breast and digital X-ray mammography by doing follow-ups at 6, 12, and 24 months of imaging. Materials and Methods: This ambispective study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, from October 2020 to October 2022, which included 55 patients referred for digital X-ray and breast ultrasound. All BI-RADS category 3 in the initial sonomammography and digital X-ray mammography were included in the study and were followed up for final diagnosis and outcome either by pathological analysis or follow-up using sonomammography and digital X-ray mammography for a maximum of 24 months. Results: Fifty-five patients were categorized into the benign or malignant category from the results of tissue diagnosis or via follow-up. Fifty-four patients (98.18%) showed benign lesions, and one (1.82%) got malignant lesions. In the majority, 31 (56.36%) patients, the mean follow-up time was 6 months, followed by 12 months 10 (18.18%). Follow-up was 24 months in only 1 out of 55 patients (1.82%). The mean value of time to follow-up (months) of study subjects was 6 ± 4.6 with a median (25th–75th percentile) of 6. Conclusion: Short-term interval follow-up in BI-RADS category: three patients are enough to detect early breast malignancy, and this will avoid unnecessary tissue diagnosis (invasive procedure) in benign lesions. In our study, the malignancy yield in the follow-up of BI-RADS 3 was 1.82% (<2%).","PeriodicalId":52587,"journal":{"name":"MGM Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45422960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}