Otitis media and its associated risk factors: An investigation into patients’ knowledge, attitudes, practices, and information sources at a hospital setting

Abstract

Background: Otitis media (OM) is a substantial healthcare issue globally, including in India. Despite its widespread occurrence, there has been only one prior investigation into the knowledge, attitude, practices, and sources of information (KAPS), as well as information sources regarding OM among patients in India, and this study dates back to 2009. This article unveils the findings of a recent KAPS study conducted among patients residing in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Objectives: The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the KAPS regarding OM and its associated risk factors, with a specific focus on individuals diagnosed with this ailment. Settings and Design: This research was conducted in the Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Outpatient Department (OPD) of MGM Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. A cross-sectional study, the KAPS study, was conducted on 91 patients diagnosed with OM. Materials and Methods: This study used a cross-sectional methodology to assess KAPS. The research included 91 patients diagnosed with OM receiving care at the ENT-OPD of MGM Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics were used, and data normality was evaluated. Independent T-tests and analysis of variance methods were employed to compare means, followed by post hoc analysis using the Bonferroni test. Pearson coefficient test was utilized to estimate correlations, and associations were examined using the Chi-square test. Results: Most participants (47.3%) exhibited a low level of knowledge, with an average Knowledge score of 11.98 ± 4.64 out of a possible 23. The mean Attitude score was 5.37 ± 1.37 out of seven. Regarding Attitude scores, there were significant differences in educational level (P = 0.003) and socioeconomic status (P = 0.0001). The mean Practice score was 0.51 ± 0.6 out of a maximum score of three. There was a significant correlation between Knowledge and Attitude scores (P < 0.0001). Only 17.6% of the participants reported receiving any education on ear health. Conclusion: Most patients in the study demonstrated a lack of comprehensive knowledge. While a positive attitude was common among the majority, the average Practice score remained relatively modest. This research underscores the significance of community education initiatives focused on OM to boost awareness and reduce the burden of this condition.