Brain and Nerve最新文献_第4页

[Functional Roles of Prefrontal-Subcortical Circuits in Primate Adaptive Behavior: Neural Basis of Experience and Inference Revealed by Pathway-Selective Manipulation]. [前额叶-皮层下回路在灵长类动物适应行为中的功能作用：路径选择操作揭示的经验和推理的神经基础]。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960780070793

Kei Oyama

{"title":"[Functional Roles of Prefrontal-Subcortical Circuits in Primate Adaptive Behavior: Neural Basis of Experience and Inference Revealed by Pathway-Selective Manipulation].","authors":"Kei Oyama","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960780070793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.188160960780070793","url":null,"abstract":"Adaptive behavior in primates relies on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and its extensive interactions with subcortical structures. This review summarizes recent findings on the functionally distinct roles of prefronto-subcortical pathways, as revealed by an imaging-guided, pathway-selective chemogenetic manipulation in macaque monkeys. Specifically, we focus on the parallel output pathways from the PFC to the striatum and the mediodorsal thalamus (MD). While the prefronto-striatal pathways are primarily involved in direct value updating based on \"experience\" and action biasing, the prefronto-thalamic pathways are crucial for working memory and updating values through \"inference\" based on internal models. These results challenge the classical view of the thalamus as a simple relay, highlighting the neural pathways connecting the PFC and MD as an active \"cognitive switch\" that maintains and manipulates neural representations according to the current context. Understanding these pathway-specific functions provides essential insights into potential circuit-based therapeutic interventions for psychiatric disorders.","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"78 7","pages":"793-798"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148413678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Neural Circuits for Decision Making and Motor Execution Involving the Thalamus]. [涉及丘脑的决策和运动执行的神经回路]。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960780070805

Yasuhiro R Tanaka

引用次数: 0

[Functional Link between Sensory Information and Higher Brain Function in the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus]. 丘脑网状核中感觉信息与高级脑功能之间的功能联系。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960780070787

Akihisa Kimura

引用次数: 0

[The Role of the Cerebellum-Thalamus-Motor Cortex in Motor Learning]. 小脑-丘脑-运动皮层在运动学习中的作用。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960780070799

Masato Inoue

引用次数: 0

[Where Does Repetitive Negative Thinking in Depression Originate? From Right Thalamo-Cortical Circuits to Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Using Focused Ultrasound]. 抑郁症中反复的消极思维源自何处？从右丘脑-皮层回路到聚焦超声的非侵入性神经调节[j]。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960780070774

Aki Tsuchiyagaito

引用次数: 0

[Role of Thalamocortical Circuits in Action Decision-Making]. 丘脑皮层回路在行动决策中的作用。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960780070769

Masanori Matsuzaki

引用次数: 0

[Corticothalamic Circuit Mechanisms Underlying the Regulation of Associative Memory]. [联想记忆调节的皮质丘脑回路机制]。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960780070813

Kasumi Inokuchi, Ranmaru Shimoda, Riou Tanaka, Ryang Kim, Haruhiko Bito

{"title":"[Corticothalamic Circuit Mechanisms Underlying the Regulation of Associative Memory].","authors":"Kasumi Inokuchi, Ranmaru Shimoda, Riou Tanaka, Ryang Kim, Haruhiko Bito","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960780070813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.188160960780070813","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have shown compelling evidence that associative memories may not simply be stored as isolated sensory events but rather as integrated representations linking contexts, emotions, and experiences. This is in sharp contrast with the more traditional view that long-term memory storage is understood as a process in which hippocampal dependence gradually decreases and cortical circuits become increasingly responsible for remote memory retrieval. Recent studies have suggested that cortical engram cells are formed during learning and later change their functional state and retrievability. In this review, we discussed associative memory encoding, storage, and recall from the perspective of circuit states, rather than memory content alone. We focused on the corticothalamic circuits, which are increasingly being recognized as regulators of cortical activity, synchrony, and plasticity. Instead of directly storing memory content, thalamic inputs may shape the cortical conditions under which memory traces are formed, maintained, and retrieved. We also discussed synaptic plasticity and inhibitory gating as potential mechanisms that regulate engram retrieval. This framework provides a novel conceptual basis for understanding remote memory formation and memory impairment as disturbances in circuit states and retrievability.","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"78 7","pages":"813-819"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148413550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Frontiers of Rehabilitation for Neurodegenerative Diseases]. [神经退行性疾病康复前沿]。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960780060677

Takayo Chuma

引用次数: 0

[Telemedicine and Digital Technologies in Neurological Intractable Diseases]. [神经系统顽固性疾病的远程医疗和数字技术]。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960780060732

Genko Oyama

引用次数: 0

[Neuropathological Autopsies in Japan: Current Scenario and Challenges]. [日本的神经病理解剖：当前的情况和挑战]。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960780060739

Masaki Takao

引用次数: 0