Brain and Nerve最新文献_第3页

[Head-up Surgery in Current Neurosurgery with Neuroendoscope and Exoscope]. [利用神经内窥镜和外窥镜在当前的神经外科中进行抬头手术]。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416202769

Toshihiro Ogiwara, Atsushi Sato, Kotaro Nakamura, Mana Wakabayashi, Kazuhiro Hongo

{"title":"[Head-up Surgery in Current Neurosurgery with Neuroendoscope and Exoscope].","authors":"Toshihiro Ogiwara, Atsushi Sato, Kotaro Nakamura, Mana Wakabayashi, Kazuhiro Hongo","doi":"10.11477/mf.1416202769","DOIUrl":"10.11477/mf.1416202769","url":null,"abstract":"Neurological surgery requires techniques and equipment to magnify the delicate brain structures and blood vessels that are difficult to discern with the naked eye. The introduction of surgical microscopes in the 1960s marked a breakthrough leading to the development of microsurgery and significant improvements in the safety and efficacy of neurosurgery. Subsequently, minimally invasive neurosurgery became prevalent, particularly with advancements in endoscopic technology in the 1990s. Initially met with skepticism, neuroendoscopy progressed alongside device development, gaining consensus on its utility. In the 2010s, exoscope technology emerged, offering high-definition 3D visualization, and reducing surgeon and patient restrictions compared to traditional microscopes. Heads-up neurosurgery involves projecting the surgical field onto a monitor using a neuroendoscope and an exoscope, allowing the surgeon to perform the operation while looking at the front monitor with the head raised in a relaxed, natural posture. Heads-up surgery using neuroendoscopy and an exoscope offers many advantages over traditional microscopic surgery and is expected to enhance surgical outcomes through the integration of these advanced technologies, potentially becoming a significant breakthrough in neurosurgery. This article provides an overview of the latest heads-up procedures that utilize neuroendoscopy and exoscopy. (Received May 2, 2024; Accepted June 21, 2024; Published November 1, 2024).","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"76 11","pages":"1262-1270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142632398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Science of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury]. [轻度创伤性脑损伤科学]。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416202767

Satoshi Tomura

引用次数: 0

[Taurine for Mitochondrial Diseases]. [牛磺酸治疗线粒体疾病]。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416202748

Yoshihide Sunada

引用次数: 0

[A Case of the Anti-aquaporine-4 Antibody-negative Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders Associated with Atopic Disease with High Concentration of Anti-IgE Autoantibody and HyperIgEemia]. [一例抗喹诺酮-4 抗体阴性的神经脊髓炎视网膜频谱紊乱伴有高浓度抗 IgE 自身抗体和高 IgE 血症的特应性疾病】。］

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416202752

Toshiyuki Sakai, Yuusuke Niwa

{"title":"[A Case of the Anti-aquaporine-4 Antibody-negative Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders Associated with Atopic Disease with High Concentration of Anti-IgE Autoantibody and HyperIgEemia].","authors":"Toshiyuki Sakai, Yuusuke Niwa","doi":"10.11477/mf.1416202752","DOIUrl":"10.11477/mf.1416202752","url":null,"abstract":"We report a 70-year-old male patient with the sero-negative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) associated with atopic disease (AD). He was diagnosed with allergic rhinitis at the age of 20. When he was 61 years old, he subacutely developed orthostatic hypotension, bilateral optic neuritis, quadriparesis, urinary retention, and constipation. The laboratory results revealed allergen-specific IgE positivity for cryptomeria japonica and hinoki, hyperIgEemia, and Th (helper T cell) 1 dominance. The serological tests for autoantibodies revealed negative anti-aquaporine 4 antibody, and high concentration of anti-IgE autoantibody (anti-IgE AAb). Cerebrospinal fluid was negative for anti-myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody and glial fibrillary acidic protein antibody. Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed high signal intensities in bilateral cerebral deep white matter. T2 weighted image on spine MRI showed longitudinally extensive high signal intensities in the spinal cord, specifically involving C1 vertebral level to conus medullaris. Intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) and plasma exchange resulted in partial improvement. Following the onset of NMOSD, he had relapse of NMOSD four times. In each episode, IVMP was to be partially effective with anti-IgE AAb reduction. Anti-IgE AAb may be a reasonable clinical indicator of increased disease activity in the sero-negative NMOSD associated with AD.","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"76 10","pages":"1161-1169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Pharmacological Chaperone Therapy for Fabry Disease]. [法布里病的药理伴侣疗法]。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416202749

Masahisa Kobayashi

引用次数: 0

[Efficacy and Safety of Inebilizumab, an Anti-CD19 Monoclonal Antibody, for the Treatment of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: Based on the N-MOmentum Trial]. [抗 CD19 单克隆抗体伊奈单抗治疗神经脊髓炎谱系障碍的疗效与安全性：基于 N-MOmentum 试验]。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416202751

Kazuo Fujihara, Hirokazu Sato

{"title":"[Efficacy and Safety of Inebilizumab, an Anti-CD19 Monoclonal Antibody, for the Treatment of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: Based on the N-MOmentum Trial].","authors":"Kazuo Fujihara, Hirokazu Sato","doi":"10.11477/mf.1416202751","DOIUrl":"10.11477/mf.1416202751","url":null,"abstract":"Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune astrocytopathic disease of the central nervous system characterized by severe optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. The antibody against aquaporin 4 (AQP4), a water channel mainly expressed in astrocytes, is specific to NMOSD and may be detected in >70% of all cases. Inebilizumab is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody against CD19. Anti-AQP4 antibodies are produced by CD19-positive plasmablasts, and inebilizumab administration significantly reduces the number of CD19-positive B cells and has therapeutic effects on NMOSD. The efficacy and safety of inebilizumab have been verified in the N-MOmentum trial, an international double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II/III study, in which Japanese patients also participated. Inebilizumab was approved for the treatment of NMOSD with AQP4-IgG in Japan in March 2021. In this review, we summarize the efficacy and safety of inebilizumab in the treatment of NMOSD and, focus on findings from the primary and additional analyses of the N-MOmentum trial. These results suggest that inebilizumab is effective and safe in preventing the recurrence of NMOSD in populations with different backgrounds and that long-term treatment with inebilizumab is beneficial.","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"76 10","pages":"1153-1160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[AMPA Receptors and Neuronal Plasticity]. [AMPA受体与神经元可塑性]。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416202750

Tomoyuki Miyazaki

引用次数: 0

[Anti-Amyloid Antibody Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease]. [阿尔茨海默病的抗淀粉样蛋白抗体疗法]。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416202747

Moeko Shinohara, Kenjiro Ono

引用次数: 0

[Pathomechanism Underlying Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy for Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy]. [静脉注射免疫球蛋白治疗慢性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病的病理机制]。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416202746

Fumitaka Shimizu

{"title":"[Pathomechanism Underlying Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy for Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy].","authors":"Fumitaka Shimizu","doi":"10.11477/mf.1416202746","DOIUrl":"10.11477/mf.1416202746","url":null,"abstract":"Considering its proven clinical usefulness and supportive evidence, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is used as first-line therapy for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) during the acute and chronic stages. However, the pathomechanism underlying IVIg administration for CIDP remains unclear. Autoantibodies, complement, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, T cells, B cells, macrophages, and the blood-nerve barrier contribute to the onset and progress of CIDP. The mechanisms underlying the actions of IVIg in CIDP include the following: (1)neutralization of pathological autoantibodies by anti-idiotype antibodies, (2)inhibition of the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) with a consequent decrease in pathological autoantibodies, (3)neutralization of cytokines, chemokines, and complement, (4)activity modulation of T cells, B cells, and macrophages, and (5) recovery of blood-nerve barrier function. Compared with the management of typical CIDP, IVIg therapy is less effective for management of autoimmune nodopathy associated with anti-neurofascin-155 or contactin-1 IgG4 antibodies because (1)anti-idiotype antibodies associated with IVIg cannot effectively neutralize IgG4 owing to the strong antigen specificity of IgG4 autoantibodies, and (2)complement, T cells, and macrophages play an insignificant role in the pathomechanism of autoimmune nodopathy. Further understanding of the mechanisms underlying IVIg action and effectiveness of molecular targeted therapy, such as use of FcRn or complement inhibitors and the CD20 monoclonal antibody, is warranted to develop novel therapeutic strategies against CIDP.","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"76 10","pages":"1109-1118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[B-cell Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis]. [多发性硬化症的 B 细胞疗法]。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416202745

Yusei Miyazaki, Masaaki Niino

引用次数: 0