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[Associations between Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Addiction].
Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960770020141
Sachio Matsushita
{"title":"[Associations between Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Addiction].","authors":"Sachio Matsushita","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960770020141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.188160960770020141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Isolation and loneliness have been reported to be associated with premature death and are therefore considered to be serious public health issues. In animal studies, social isolation beginning in adolescent rodents has consistently been shown to increase alcohol consumption over time; however, this trend was observed only in males. In adult rodents, isolation has little effect on alcohol consumption. In human studies, population surveys have reported that isolation and loneliness are associated with less frequent drinking, whereas another study reported that greater loneliness is associated with alcohol problems in men. A nationwide Internet cohort study in Japan revealed that non-high-risk drinkers experiencing significant loneliness were more likely to become high-risk drinkers than those not experiencing significant loneliness. Another study examined the effects of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic on drinking behavior among young adults and showed that the harmful use of alcohol was reduced only among women. Notably, in participants with increased depression and anxiety, loneliness was associated with increased alcohol use. Behaviors such as gambling and gaming have also been reported to be associated with loneliness and stress. A follow-up study in Finland determined that loneliness increased gaming problems, but not gambling problems. Interestingly, stress was reported to increase both gambling and gaming problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"77 2","pages":"141-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Pathophysiology and Clinical Presentation of Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormality Induced by Anti-Amyloid-β Antibody Lecanemab].
Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960770020175
Hidekazu Tomimoto, Mariko Matsumoto, Hiroko Shiina, Yuka Saeki, Tetsuhiro Niidome, Yosuke Nakamura
{"title":"[Pathophysiology and Clinical Presentation of Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormality Induced by Anti-Amyloid-β Antibody Lecanemab].","authors":"Hidekazu Tomimoto, Mariko Matsumoto, Hiroko Shiina, Yuka Saeki, Tetsuhiro Niidome, Yosuke Nakamura","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960770020175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.188160960770020175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lecanemab, the first monoclonal antibody drug targeting amyloid beta (Aβ), was approved for slowing the progression of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the United States and Japan. On the other hand, Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) has been reported in clinical trials, and its management and countermeasures remain a clinical issue. Given the large number of patients who is indicated of and would benefit from this type of AD therapy, physicians prescribing lecanemab should be familiar with how to appropriately manage and reduce the risks of ARIA. In this review, we outline the imaging characteristics and pathogenesis of ARIA that have emerged from the clinical trials and will also discuss risk factors and management protocol. (Recieved April 12, 2024; Accepted September 18, 2024; Published February 1, 2025).</p>","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"77 2","pages":"175-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Childhood Maltreatment (Inappropriate Nurturing) from Parent to Child Caused by Isolation and Loneliness].
Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960770020161
Akemi Tomoda
{"title":"[Childhood Maltreatment (Inappropriate Nurturing) from Parent to Child Caused by Isolation and Loneliness].","authors":"Akemi Tomoda","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960770020161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.188160960770020161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human nurturing behavior is critical for survival. When caregivers are isolated, parenting becomes isolated and childhood maltreatment, including abuse and neglect, may occur repeatedly. In this situation, when a parent with SOS is suspected of maltreatment, he or she may close his or her mind and make the intervention difficult. The more significant the gap between public and private spaces, the more isolated they become which worsens the situation. In addition, when parents experience maltreatment in their childhood, they tend to be isolated because they are unaware of social systems and cannot rely on others. However, joint parenting can reduce parental burden and anxiety and prevent isolation. Humans are \"co-parenting\" animals, in which many people are involved in child-rearing, and it is essential to recognize the importance of \"Tomosodate<sup>®</sup>(co-parenting),\" in which the entire society raises and protects children.</p>","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"77 2","pages":"161-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Suicide].
Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960770020149
Hirokazu Tachikawa, Yuki Shiratori, Miyuki Aiba, Naoaki Kawakami, Daichi Sugawara
{"title":"[Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Suicide].","authors":"Hirokazu Tachikawa, Yuki Shiratori, Miyuki Aiba, Naoaki Kawakami, Daichi Sugawara","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960770020149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.188160960770020149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Isolation and loneliness are known to be risk factors for suicide. Since the number of suicide cases increased after the COVID-19 pandemic, during which individuals were forced to isolate themselves to prevent infection, this has been re-emphasized as a factor in suicide, and measures to combat isolation and loneliness are promoted. However, few studies have discussed the reasons that isolation and loneliness lead to suicide. Here, we aim to explain the reasons that isolation and loneliness have a significant impact on suicide based on psychology, sociology, and brain science and show that the prevention of isolation and loneliness is directly related to suicide prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"77 2","pages":"149-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Isolation and Loneliness Shaped by Society and the Mind].
Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960770020105
Mitsuhiro Ura
{"title":"[Isolation and Loneliness Shaped by Society and the Mind].","authors":"Mitsuhiro Ura","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960770020105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.188160960770020105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Loneliness is sometimes described as a modern disease; however, it also has adaptive functions. Several problems related to loneliness arise when the temporary loneliness that people experience in their daily lives becomes chronic. In this article, we examined the process through which distortions in interpersonal information processing mediate the chronicization of temporary loneliness by referring to findings in psychology and neuroscience. We also examined the formation process of the loneliness concept and feelings of loneliness as a cluster of emotions from the perspective of the history of emotions, and considered what kind of interpersonal environment would prevent loneliness in modern society.</p>","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"77 2","pages":"105-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Social Isolation, Loneliness, Anxiety, and Depression in Older Adults].
Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960770020133
Hidehito Niimura
{"title":"[Social Isolation, Loneliness, Anxiety, and Depression in Older Adults].","authors":"Hidehito Niimura","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960770020133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.188160960770020133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social isolation is the objective state of being in little social contact, whereas loneliness is the subjective state of being lonely due to a lack of connection with others. Older adults are more susceptible to anxiety as they experience various forms of loss. Factors such as bereavement, economic status, health status, and loneliness increase the risk of depression in older adults. There is a clear association between social isolation, loneliness, anxiety, and depression, often following the pattern \"social isolation→loneliness→anxiety/depression.\" and \"anxiety/depression→loneliness\". This review examines psychosocial interventions aimed at addressing isolation and loneliness among older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"77 2","pages":"133-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Childhood Social Isolation and Social Brain Development].
Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960770020155
Ayako Kawatake-Kuno, Hirofumi Morishita
{"title":"[Childhood Social Isolation and Social Brain Development].","authors":"Ayako Kawatake-Kuno, Hirofumi Morishita","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960770020155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.188160960770020155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Loneliness has a profound impact on mental health, and childhood loneliness is particularly detrimental to social development. In mice, juvenile social isolation disrupts adult social investigation and proper functioning of the prefrontal cortex. However, adult social isolation does not induce major social deficits, suggesting the existence of \"social critical period.\" This critical period refers to the developmental window during which the brain exhibits high experience-dependent plasticity, leading to permanently altered wiring. Inappropriate environmental exposure during this critical period can cause lifelong abnormal neural circuit reorganization and atypical development. Clarification of the mechanisms underlying typical social development or aberrant formation of sociability during the critical period can enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of various psychiatric disorders and pave the way for early detection and intervention. In this review, we present recent evidence from cross-species studies of the effects of juvenile social isolation on the maturation of social processing and the frontal cortex. Furthermore, we discuss how we can identify optimal intervention timing or detect novel therapeutic targets for psychiatric disorders from the perspective of the socially critical period by promoting a mechanistic understanding of the effect of childhood loneliness in animal models.</p>","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"77 2","pages":"155-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Epidemiological Findings on Social Isolation and Loneliness].
Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960770020111
Yuki Arakawa, Naoki Kondo
{"title":"[Epidemiological Findings on Social Isolation and Loneliness].","authors":"Yuki Arakawa, Naoki Kondo","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960770020111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.188160960770020111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several studies have indicated associations between social isolation and loneliness, mortality, stroke, diabetes mellitus, and other diseases. Preventing social isolation and loneliness is vital to achieving social well-being. Some good practices that prevent social isolation and loneliness, for instance providing local gatherings such as Kayoinoba, have been reported. Medical practitioners are required to connect people suffering from social isolation and loneliness to local support staff and cooperate with local governments, private companies, and non-profit organizations to tackle social isolation and loneliness.</p>","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"77 2","pages":"111-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Isolation and Loneliness from a Brain Science Perspective].
Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960770020167
Hajime Mushiake, Miki Mushiake
{"title":"[Isolation and Loneliness from a Brain Science Perspective].","authors":"Hajime Mushiake, Miki Mushiake","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960770020167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.188160960770020167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The social problems of isolation and loneliness were examined from the perspective of brain science, based on the dynamic adaptive principles of well-being and allostasis as a body-psyche-society model. It is known that the brain has multiple networks involved in sociality, and activity and connectivity are affected by isolation and loneliness, resulting in an allostatic load that affects both physical and psychological aspects. In addition, we examine theatrical methods and their significance as preventive measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"77 2","pages":"167-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Loneliness and Isolation as Social Problems].
Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960770020099
Mitsunori Ishida
{"title":"[Loneliness and Isolation as Social Problems].","authors":"Mitsunori Ishida","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960770020099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.188160960770020099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the 2020s, loneliness and isolation have attracted increasing attention as social issues. In this study, we first explain the social background through which loneliness and isolation have attracted attention. Next, we examined how information and communication devices which rapidly became popular in the 2000s affected loneliness and isolation. Finally, based on the results of the 2023 survey, the difficulties in resolving loneliness and isolation were discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"77 2","pages":"99-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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