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[Identification and Control of Collective Neural Dynamics in Autism]. 自闭症群体神经动力学的识别与控制[j]。
Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960770070819
Takamitsu Watanabe
{"title":"[Identification and Control of Collective Neural Dynamics in Autism].","authors":"Takamitsu Watanabe","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960770070819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.188160960770070819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by socio-communicative traits and cognitive inflexibility. Here, we present a series of findings indicating that autistic neural rigidity is a key neural mechanism underpinning for both social and non-social symptoms. In addition, we present our recent observation that these core autistic symptoms can be mitigated by alleviating neural rigidity using our unique closed-loop non-invasive neural stimulation system.</p>","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"77 7","pages":"819-825"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Development of Flexible Cognitive Functions Supporting Human Sociality]. [支持人类社会性的灵活认知功能的发展]。
Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960770070795
Masako Myowa
{"title":"[Development of Flexible Cognitive Functions Supporting Human Sociality].","authors":"Masako Myowa","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960770070795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.188160960770070795","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of human species-specific flexible cognitive and executive functions, particularly emotional control, determines lifelong mental and physical health. In this context, infancy and early childhood are sensitive periods, during which the environment dramatically alters the brain and gut. Since brain development related to emotional control is influenced by the gut microbiota, the development of interventional support methods from the perspective of brain-gut-gut microbiota interactions from an early age in life will lead to the creation of effective medical approaches that can prevent and alleviate future mental and physical disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"77 7","pages":"795-801"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Neural Mechanisms Enabling Flexible Cognition Based on Behavioral Prediction of the Self and Others]. [基于自我和他人行为预测的灵活认知神经机制]。
Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960770070777
Kentaro Miyamoto
{"title":"[Neural Mechanisms Enabling Flexible Cognition Based on Behavioral Prediction of the Self and Others].","authors":"Kentaro Miyamoto","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960770070777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.188160960770070777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We can mentally simulate future possibilities and choose appropriate actions, even in situations that are completely novel. This flexible action selection involves introspection (metacognition) that is prominent in primates. I elucidated that flexible cognition in both social and non-social situations is enabled by an ability of prospective introspection (metacognition of the future). The process critically depends on the posterior inferior parietal lobule and the anterior lateral prefrontal area 47.</p>","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"77 7","pages":"777-781"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Neural Mechanisms of the Nucleus Accumbens for Flexible and Strategic Decision-Making]. [伏隔核灵活和战略性决策的神经机制]。
Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960770070789
Takatoshi Hikida
{"title":"[Neural Mechanisms of the Nucleus Accumbens for Flexible and Strategic Decision-Making].","authors":"Takatoshi Hikida","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960770070789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.188160960770070789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Decision-making requires flexibility and strategy. Imaging of single-cell-level neural activity and inhibition of neural activity in mice during a visual-discrimination learning task that requires a strategy revealed that dopamine D2 receptor-expressing medium-sized spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens are important for flexible and strategic decision-making. Single-cell level imaging may be useful in understanding the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders that impair decision-making flexibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"77 7","pages":"789-793"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Neural Mechanisms for Goal Achievement by Coordinating Multiple Subgoals]. [协调多个子目标实现目标的神经机制]。
Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960770070767
Kei Watanabe
{"title":"[Neural Mechanisms for Goal Achievement by Coordinating Multiple Subgoals].","authors":"Kei Watanabe","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960770070767","DOIUrl":"10.11477/mf.188160960770070767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In everyday life, we routinely achieve overarching goals by assembling multiple sub-goals and flexibly switching between them. This ability, known as executive function, critically depends on the prefrontal cortex and is commonly divided into low- and high-order functions. In this article, we outline the framework of executive function and introduce recent animal studies that illuminate the neural mechanisms underlying higher-order executive functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"77 7","pages":"767-775"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Flexible Neural Encoding and Cognitive Function in the Frontal Lobe]. [额叶灵活的神经编码和认知功能]。
Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960770070751
Hajime Mushiake
{"title":"[Flexible Neural Encoding and Cognitive Function in the Frontal Lobe].","authors":"Hajime Mushiake","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960770070751","DOIUrl":"10.11477/mf.188160960770070751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The frontal lobe is involved in various aspects of behavioral expression and is one of the neural bases supporting flexible behavioral selection. Here, we consider six points: (1)the diversity of frontal lobe functions that support behavior, (2)flexible information representation at the cellular level, (3)representation of behavioral context by oscillatory states, (4)the scale-free nature of fluctuations in brain activity, and (5)the possibility of critical states at the cellular level seen in fluctuations and synchronization. Finally, we consider (6)the semiotic significance of the nervous system in cognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"77 7","pages":"751-759"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Interaction between Emotion and Cognition: Perspectives on the Neuroscience of Intelligence]. 情感与认知的相互作用：智力神经科学的视角
Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960770070803
Junichi Chikazoe
{"title":"[Interaction between Emotion and Cognition: Perspectives on the Neuroscience of Intelligence].","authors":"Junichi Chikazoe","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960770070803","DOIUrl":"10.11477/mf.188160960770070803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper provides a comprehensive review of the numerous discoveries derived from the dualistic perspective of cognition and emotion, while also discussing the limitations of this approach. Traditionally, emotion has been conceptualized using basic emotion and dimensional models, while cognition has been understood in terms of memory and decision-making. However, recent advances in neuroscience have demonstrated that emotion and cognition are interlinked and integrated into dynamic networks that form the basis of flexible behavior and intelligence. Based on these insights, there is a pressing need to redefine \"intelligence\" and develop a novel integrative model.</p>","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"77 7","pages":"803-807"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Neural Mechanisms of Evidence Accumulation Selection for Flexible Decision Making]. [灵活决策的证据积累选择神经机制]。
Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960770070761
Takanori Uka
{"title":"[Neural Mechanisms of Evidence Accumulation Selection for Flexible Decision Making].","authors":"Takanori Uka","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960770070761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.188160960770070761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple mechanisms are involved in flexible decision making, including relearning and the instantaneous switching of decisions depending on the environment. These mechanisms can be elucidated by integrating psychophysical, neurophysiological, and computational approaches. The flexibility of evidence accumulation necessary for instantaneous decision switching is supported by the mechanism of accumulating and discarding unnecessary information, which can be observed in the changes in decision-related activities in the LIP cortex as well as in other areas. The molecular mechanisms underlying the impairment of flexible decision-making are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"77 7","pages":"761-766"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Can We Change Negatively Distorted Memory? The Effectiveness and Neurobiological Mechanisms of Memory Bias Modification]. 我们能改变负面扭曲的记忆吗？记忆偏差修正的有效性和神经生物学机制[j]。
Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960770070809
Yuko Hakamata
{"title":"[Can We Change Negatively Distorted Memory? The Effectiveness and Neurobiological Mechanisms of Memory Bias Modification].","authors":"Yuko Hakamata","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960770070809","DOIUrl":"10.11477/mf.188160960770070809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Memory bias is a tendency to encode and recall negative information preferentially and plays a critical role in the development and exacerbation of stress-related mental disorders. This review overviews the effectiveness and neurobiological mechanisms of a cognitive intervention to alleviate memory bias, 'memory bias modification,' based on the findings from previous studies and one of our recent randomized controlled trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"77 7","pages":"809-817"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Bidirectional Control of Behavioral Flexibility by Cholinergic Neurons]. [胆碱能神经元对行为灵活性的双向控制]。
Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960770070783
Kana Okada
{"title":"[Bidirectional Control of Behavioral Flexibility by Cholinergic Neurons].","authors":"Kana Okada","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960770070783","DOIUrl":"10.11477/mf.188160960770070783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flexibility enables behaviors and thoughts to adapt to changing environments. The basal ganglia may play a critical role in the suppression and enhancement of flexibility by engaging in parallel and serial processing of several aspects of behavioral flexibility via afferent projections from related brain regions, such as the orbitofrontal cortex and intralaminar nucleus. Previous studies have suggested that the interactions between striatal cholinergic interneurons and these brain regions belong to a neuronal system that provides behavioral flexibility without interfering with existing learning and a new one regarding contingency, probably depending on glutaminergic and dopaminergic cholinergic inputs from the cerebral cortex, intralaminar nucleus, midbrain, and pedunculopontine nucleus. In particular, dorsomedial striatum cholinergic interneurons may exert bidirectional control of behavioral flexibility through neuronal dynamics among related brain areas that contribute to the cognitive subprocesses of flexibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"77 7","pages":"783-788"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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