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[Brain Tumor Findings in Brain Check-up and Clinical Management: A Retrospective Analysis]. [脑肿瘤在脑部检查中的表现及临床处理：回顾性分析]。
Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960780030227
Akihiro Kambara, Masao Fukumura, Yuichiro Tsuji, Gen Futamura, Ryokichi Yagi, Ryo Hiramatsu, Masahiro Kameda, Naosuke Nonoguchi, Motomasa Furuse, Shinji Kawabata, Toshihiro Takami, Akira Fukuda, Masahiko Wanibuchi
{"title":"[Brain Tumor Findings in Brain Check-up and Clinical Management: A Retrospective Analysis].","authors":"Akihiro Kambara, Masao Fukumura, Yuichiro Tsuji, Gen Futamura, Ryokichi Yagi, Ryo Hiramatsu, Masahiro Kameda, Naosuke Nonoguchi, Motomasa Furuse, Shinji Kawabata, Toshihiro Takami, Akira Fukuda, Masahiko Wanibuchi","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960780030227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.188160960780030227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This retrospective study investigated the frequency, types, clinical courses, and management strategies of incidentally discovered brain tumors in 2,281 asymptomatic individuals (mean age; 59.0 years, 48.8% women) who underwent brain checkups at our institution between 2018 and 2025. Brain tumors were detected in 16 patients (detection rate; 0.7%), consistent with the results of large-scale neuroimaging studies in healthy populations. However, because of age variability in previous studies, we focused on data from cohorts with an average age >50 years for comparative analysis. The most common types are meningiomas and pituitary tumors. Here, we present representative cases of these tumors and discuss the decision-making process between active treatment and observation, considering tumor characteristics, location, and potential for symptom development. Appropriate diagnostic evaluation and multidisciplinary management can lead to early detection and timely intervention, thereby improving prognosis and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"78 3","pages":"227-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147391592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Potential of Blood Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Dementia]. [血液生物标志物在早期诊断痴呆症中的潜力]。
Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960780030271
Kenji Tagai, Takahiko Tokuda
{"title":"[Potential of Blood Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Dementia].","authors":"Kenji Tagai, Takahiko Tokuda","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960780030271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.188160960780030271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blood biomarkers represent a major breakthrough in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Plasma p-tau217/Aβ42 ratio demonstrates diagnostic accuracy comparable to PET and CSF examinations, leading to FDA approval of the first blood-based AD test in May 2025. With insurance coverage now extending to disease-modifying therapies such as lecanemab and donanemab at the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage, the clinical adoption of these minimally invasive diagnostic tools is rapidly advancing. Current development includes Core 1 biomarkers (A: Aβ proteinopathy, T1: phosphorylated tau) and emerging Core 2 biomarkers (T2: tau proteinopathy), with novel assays such as mid-p-tau181 showing promise. However, its application to asymptomatic individuals in brain dock settings remains challenging due to ethical considerations, including psychological burden and the uncertainty of predicting disease progression. Future directions include integrating digital biomarkers to enhance diagnostic accuracy and generating evidence for long-term healthcare benefits, while addressing standardization across manufacturers and implementing dual-cutoff strategies to optimize clinical utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"78 3","pages":"271-275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147391709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Pathophysiology and Outcome of Asymptomatic Moyamoya Disease]. [无症状烟雾病的病理生理学和转归]。
Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960780030217
Satoshi Kuroda
{"title":"[Pathophysiology and Outcome of Asymptomatic Moyamoya Disease].","authors":"Satoshi Kuroda","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960780030217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.188160960780030217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The widespread use of non-invasive imaging techniques has increased the detection of asymptomatic Moyamoya disease. AMORE, a prospective study launched in 2012, suggests that asymptomatic cases can present with silent infarctions or hemorrhages and have a high risk of cerebrovascular events and disease progression. Thus, strict management of lifestyle-related diseases and regular follow-up imaging are essential. Antiplatelet agents should be used cautiously because of the risk of intracranial hemorrhage. The effectiveness of cerebral revascularization surgery remains unclear.</p>","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"78 3","pages":"217-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147391732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Brain Screening for Occupational Drivers: Current Practices and Future Directions]. [职业驱动者的大脑筛查：当前实践与未来方向]。
Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960780030245
Akio Morita
{"title":"[Brain Screening for Occupational Drivers: Current Practices and Future Directions].","authors":"Akio Morita","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960780030245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.188160960780030245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While the Industrial Safety and Health Act mandates the maintenance of workers' health, more than 100 health-related accidents involving commercial vehicles occur annually. The primary causes of these accidents include cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, and sleep disorders. Although guidelines were issued in 2018 for the implementation of countermeasures against cerebrovascular disease, screening examinations such as brain MRIs remain recommended rather than mandatory. Furthermore, the declining number and aging of occupational drivers already constitute serious challenges. To strengthen future accident-prevention systems, it is necessary to clarify the effectiveness of brain MRI screenings in reducing accidents and to consider mandating these examinations for older drivers, similarly as in the requirements for aircraft pilots. Based on the results of a pilot project conducted by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism from 2018 to 2020, this article evaluates the utility of brain MRI screenings and examines future directions for their implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"78 3","pages":"245-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147391603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Detection and Management of Asymptomatic Cerebrovascular Disease]. 【无症状脑血管病的检测与处理】。
Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960780030233
Masafumi Ihara
{"title":"[Detection and Management of Asymptomatic Cerebrovascular Disease].","authors":"Masafumi Ihara","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960780030233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.188160960780030233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Asymptomatic carotid or intracranial arterial stenosis, silent brain infarction, cerebral white matter lesions, and cerebral microbleeds are well-established predictors of stroke. When these findings are detected through brain screening programs (\"brain dock\"), aggressive management of vascular risk factors is warranted. In cases of severe carotid stenosis, revascularization procedures such as carotid endarterectomy or carotid artery stenting may be considered. In East Asia, including Japan, genetic predisposition appears to play a significant role. The moyamoya disease-related RNF213 p.R4810K variant has been linked to intracranial arterial stenosis, and NOTCH3 variants are associated with an increased burden of white matter disease. Closer integration of screening programs and routine clinical care is expected to further enhance the value of brain dock.</p>","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"78 3","pages":"233-237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147391682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Pathophysiology and Diagnosis of Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (Hakim's Disease)]. 特发性常压性脑积水（哈基姆病）的病理生理学和诊断
Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960780030221
Madoka Nakajima, Kaito Kawamura, Chihiro Akiba, Masakazu Miyajima
{"title":"[Pathophysiology and Diagnosis of Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (Hakim's Disease)].","authors":"Madoka Nakajima, Kaito Kawamura, Chihiro Akiba, Masakazu Miyajima","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960780030221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.188160960780030221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a disease that can be detected early and treated promptly through neurological screening evaluations and brain imaging. Diagnosis is established based on characteristic clinical and imaging findings demonstrating not only ventricular enlargement but also tight high cortical subarachnoid spaces, along with enlargement of the Sylvian fissures and basal cisterns. Additionally, iNPH frequently coexists with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, suggesting that the iNPH brain environment is prone to abnormal protein accumulation. Recent advances in blood-based biomarker technology have enabled the detection of amyloid-β pathology in peripheral blood samples. Therefore, in the near future, the combined use of imaging studies and blood biomarker testing in neurodegenerative disease screening may support a more comprehensive diagnosis of iNPH, including its associated neurodegenerative comorbidities.</p>","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"78 3","pages":"221-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147391696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Detection and Treatment of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms]. 颅内未破裂动脉瘤的检测与治疗
Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960780030211
Tatsuya Ishikawa
{"title":"[Detection and Treatment of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms].","authors":"Tatsuya Ishikawa","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960780030211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.188160960780030211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The detection of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) through brain health screening is crucial for preventing subarachnoid hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography (3D-CTA) are effective diagnostic tools, and the use of 3T-MRI further enables the identification of small aneurysms. The UCAS Japan study reported an annual rupture rate of 0.95%, with aneurysm size, location, and morphology identified as key predictors of rupture risk. Treatment strategies have increasingly shifted from microsurgical clipping to endovascular therapy. Coil embolization remains a primary method, augmented by flow diverters and Woven EndoBridge (WEB) devices, which have broadened therapeutic options for complex or wide-neck aneurysms. Looking forward, artificial intelligence is expected to enhance rupture risk prediction and support individualized treatment planning. Therefore, brain health screening plays a vital role in identifying high-risk aneurysms and ensuring timely intervention, while avoiding unnecessary procedures in patients with low-risk lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"78 3","pages":"211-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147391641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Bridging Early Detection and Intervention in Dementia]. [桥梁早期发现和干预痴呆]。
Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960780030249
Hidekazu Tomimoto
{"title":"[Bridging Early Detection and Intervention in Dementia].","authors":"Hidekazu Tomimoto","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960780030249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.188160960780030249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent progress of highly sensitive detection methods including digital cognitive test and AI-assisted imaging have increasingly innovated early detection of Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, blood biomarkers such as p-tau217 and MTBR-tau243, biomarkers for amyloid and p-tau in the brain, respectively, have gained a similar sensitivity and specificity to PET study. Therefore, it is highly recommended to establish an appropriate method for bridging early detection and intervention of Alzheimer's disease, using brain dock.</p>","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"78 3","pages":"249-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147391575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Cognitive Screening for Dementia Using Simple Neuropsychological Tests: New Developments through Digital Technology]. [使用简单的神经心理学测试对痴呆症进行认知筛查：数字技术的新发展]。
Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960780030267
Shigeki Yamaguchi
{"title":"[Cognitive Screening for Dementia Using Simple Neuropsychological Tests: New Developments through Digital Technology].","authors":"Shigeki Yamaguchi","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960780030267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.188160960780030267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the rapid aging population, the prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment is increasing and is estimated to be >10 million by 2025 in Japan. The emergence of anti-amyloid β-antibody therapies has heightened the importance of early screening to identify treatment candidates. Traditional paper-based neuropsychological tests, such as the Mini-Mental State Examination and Hasegawa Dementia Scale-Revised, are highly reliable but have limitations related to educational background and examiner dependency. Recently, digital screening tools incorporating AI-based analysis and eye tracking technology have been introduced, offering rapid, reproducible, and objective assessments. This article compares conventional methods and new technologies and discusses the challenges in clinical implementation and future perspectives.</p>","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"78 3","pages":"267-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147391663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[History of Japanese Brain Dock]. [日本脑坞的历史]。
Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960780030207
Shotai Kobayashi
{"title":"[History of Japanese Brain Dock].","authors":"Shotai Kobayashi","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960780030207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.188160960780030207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain dock was introduced in Japan in 1988. Initially, DSA was used to detect unruptured cerebral aneurysms, and in the same year, brain dock using MRI to detect asymptomatic cerebrovascular lesions was initiated. Subsequently, the performance of the MRA improved, and all brain docks were made by MRI. A brain aneurysm was discovered in the brain dock and preventive surgery was performed. MRI-detected asymptomatic cerebral infarctions and microbleeds raise stroke risk, while preventive care improves with better risk factor management. In recent years, the role of brain dock technology has expanded beyond stroke prevention, as it is increasingly recognized for its potential in the early prevention of cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"78 3","pages":"207-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147391668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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