Brain and Nerve最新文献_第5页

[New Era in Neurodegenerative Disease: Therapeutic Advances and Social and Ethical Challenges]. [神经退行性疾病的新时代：治疗进展和社会和伦理挑战]。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960780060658

Makoto Urushitani

{"title":"[New Era in Neurodegenerative Disease: Therapeutic Advances and Social and Ethical Challenges].","authors":"Makoto Urushitani","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960780060658","DOIUrl":"10.11477/mf.188160960780060658","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in molecular genetics and cellular modeling have begun to transform the landscape of neurodegenerative diseases, long regarded as \"incurable and poorly understood.\" The identification of causative genes and disease-associated proteins, together with analytical technologies such as induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-based platforms, has deepened our understanding of disease mechanisms and clarified therapeutic targets. In parallel, emerging targeted therapies-including nucleic acid-based treatments and therapeutic antibodies-have demonstrated levels of clinical benefit previously considered unrealistic, such as slowing disease progression or reducing relapse rates. These developments signal the arrival of a new era in the treatment of intractable neurological disorders. At the same time, these advances raise a wide range of issues, including challenges related to the implementation and long-term sustainability of such treatments, national-level debate regarding drug pricing and healthcare expenditure, and ethical concerns associated with the broader use of genetic testing. This article summarizes these recent therapeutic developments and the accompanying social and ethical issues that warrant careful attention in this evolving era.","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"78 6","pages":"658-662"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148220463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Clinical Management of Dysphagia and Nutritional Disorders in Neurodegenerative Diseases]. [神经退行性疾病患者吞咽困难和营养障碍的临床治疗]。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960780060695

Kenjiro Kunieda

引用次数: 0

[Communication Support for Neurological Disorders]. [神经系统疾病的沟通支持]。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960780060701

Tamotsu Imura

{"title":"[Communication Support for Neurological Disorders].","authors":"Tamotsu Imura","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960780060701","DOIUrl":"10.11477/mf.188160960780060701","url":null,"abstract":"Communication support for patients with neurological disorders extends beyond high-technology communication aids. It also includes non-aided and low-technology methods and requires flexible selection and the combined use of these methods depending on the situation. Gaining experience with various communication strategies in a stepwise manner from an early stage enables the smoother introduction of advanced communication devices when necessary. Effective support must be tailored to the disease stage, as communication abilities and needs change over time. In this context, collaboration among multiple professionals is essential. Such interprofessional collaboration enables appropriate assessment, timely intervention, and continuity of care across disease stages. A team-based, continuous support system benefits patients, and caregivers and professionals involved in their care. By sharing knowledge, skills, and responsibilities within a support team, the burden on individual supporters can be reduced, and the quality and consistency of communication support can be enhanced. Looking to the future, further development of emerging technologies such as eye-gaze input systems, personalized speech synthesis, and brain-machine interfaces is highly anticipated. However, careful consideration of their characteristics, limitations, and potential risks is necessary to ensure their safe and effective use in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"78 6","pages":"701-705"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148220820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Multidisciplinary Collaboration between Hospitals and Clinics at the University Hospital and the Core Hospital for the Treatment of Intractable Diseases]. [大学医院和核心医院治疗难治性疾病的医院和诊所之间的多学科合作]。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960780060718

Yasuyuki Ohta

引用次数: 0

[Respiratory Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases: Emphasis on Lung Volume Recruitment and Mechanical Insufflation-Exsufflation]. [神经肌肉疾病的呼吸康复：强调肺容量恢复和机械吸气-呼气]。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960780060687

Keisuke Yorimoto

引用次数: 0

[Current Status and Challenges of Emerging Genetic Medicine for Rare Diseases: Focus on PGT-M]. [罕见病新兴遗传医学的现状与挑战：以PGT-M为重点]。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960780060668

Aiko Sasaki

引用次数: 0

[Re-evaluating ALS Medical Care in Japan: An International Comparison of Japan, Europe, the United States, and Canada-Insights from Mechanical Ventilation, Support for Social Participation, End-of-Life Care Options, Approved Drugs, and Precision Medicine]. [重新评估日本的ALS医疗：日本、欧洲、美国和加拿大的国际比较——来自机械通气、社会参与支持、临终关怀选择、批准药物和精准医疗的见解]。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960780060654

Michiya Ito

{"title":"[Re-evaluating ALS Medical Care in Japan: An International Comparison of Japan, Europe, the United States, and Canada-Insights from Mechanical Ventilation, Support for Social Participation, End-of-Life Care Options, Approved Drugs, and Precision Medicine].","authors":"Michiya Ito","doi":"10.11477/mf.188160960780060654","DOIUrl":"10.11477/mf.188160960780060654","url":null,"abstract":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) care in Japan should be re-evaluated not simply as a matter of clinical choice but as a function of the public support system structure. In Japan, care is distinguished by a publicly funded model that supports home-based living and social participation following tracheostomy invasive ventilation. In contrast, Europe reflects a model centered on non-invasive ventilation and palliative care, and the United States reflects a system in which precision therapies are approved earlier but access remains highly unequal. Further, Canada reflects a model integrating multidisciplinary ALS clinics with Medical Assistance in Dying within a shared policy framework. These differences extend beyond treatment preferences and instead reflect broader social, institutional, and ethical configurations that shape the future of individuals with ALS. As access to emerging disease-modifying therapies increasingly depends on genetic testing, the central challenge in ALS care is shifting from end-of-life decision-making to the equitable distribution of precision medicine. Comparative reappraisal of national care models is therefore critical for understanding ALS not only as a neurological disease but also as a condition shaped by welfare systems, care infrastructure, and policy design.","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"78 6","pages":"654-657"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148220487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[The Role of Coordinators for Intractable Diseases in Japan]. [日本难治性疾病协调员的作用]。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960780060711

Miho Iwaki

引用次数: 0

[Characteristics of Clinical Ethical Issues in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Shared Decision Making]. 神经退行性疾病临床伦理问题的特点及共同决策

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960780060663

Makoto Sugiura

引用次数: 0

[Supporting Health Care Transition for Patients with Childhood-Onset Chronic Conditions: Within Intractable Disease Care in Japan]. [支持儿童期慢性病患者的医疗转型：日本难治性疾病护理]。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.188160960780060722

Yoko Mochizuki, Miho Osako

引用次数: 0