Infezioni in Medicina最新文献

{"title":"The Manchurian pandemic of pneumonic plague (1910-1911).","authors":"Spyros N Michaleas,&nbsp;Konstantinos Laios,&nbsp;Marianna Karamanou,&nbsp;Nikolaos V Sipsas,&nbsp;Georges Androutsos","doi":"10.53854/liim-3003-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53854/liim-3003-17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>China's winter of 1910-1911 was one of its most difficult. A deadly airborne pneumonic plague, believed to have originated from tarbagan marmots, broke out in October 1910 in a northeastern Chinese province commonly known by the exonym Manchuria. The disease had a near 100 percent mortality rate, affecting mainly the lower socio-economic classes and eventually killing more than 60,000 people over six months. By April 1911, the epidemic was suppressed, in large part due to the efforts of a Western-educated Chinese physician, Wu Lian-Teh. Similar to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, the Great Manchurian Plague outbreak highlighted the importance of personal protective equipment, such as face masks, and a quick and efficient international medical response.</p>","PeriodicalId":52423,"journal":{"name":"Infezioni in Medicina","volume":"30 3","pages":"464-468"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9448316/pdf/1124-9390_30_3_2022_464-468.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33477781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on tuberculosis outcome and follow-up in Italy during the first COVID-19 pandemic wave: a nationwide online survey.","authors":"Diana Canetti, Roberta Maria Antonello, Laura Saderi, Mara Giro, Delia Goletti, Loredana Sarmati, Paola Rodari, Marialuisa Bocchino, Miriam Schirò, Niccolò Riccardi, Giovanni Sotgiu","doi":"10.53854/liim-3003-10","DOIUrl":"10.53854/liim-3003-10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>SARS-CoV-2 pandemic affected tuberculosis (TB) management. This Italian nationwide survey assessed COVID-19 impact on TB care and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty-one hospitals or referral centres fulfilled an online survey. Primary objective was to describe clinical features, outcomes and retention in care in subjects with latent TB infection (LTBI) or disease over the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. Secondary objectives were the assessment of risk factors, co-morbidities, diagnostics, radiological findings, and outcomes of COVID-19 in the study population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>254 patients with LTBI or active TB were included. In co-infected (SARS-CoV-2, LTBI/TB) patients, recovery occurred in 29/32 (90.6%) cases, death in one case. High retention in care was preserved.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>in our cohort, outcomes did not seem to be adversely conditioned by incident COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":52423,"journal":{"name":"Infezioni in Medicina","volume":"30 3","pages":"418-426"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9448321/pdf/1124-9390_30_3_2022_418-426.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33479275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human monkeypox disease (MPX).","authors":"Ramadan Abdelmoez Farahat, Ranjit Sah, Amro A El-Sakka, Amira Yasmine Benmelouka, Mrinmoy Kundu, Fatma Labieb, Rahma Sameh Shaheen, Abdelaziz Abdelaal, Basel Abdelazeem, D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana, Carlos Franco-Paredes, Andres F Henao-Martinez, Mohammed A Garout, Darwin A León-Figueroa, Monica Pachar, José Antonio Suárez, Juan David Ramirez, Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi, Ali A Rabaan, Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq, Hiroshi Nishiura, Yeimer Ortiz-Martínez, Juan Esteban Garcia-Robledo, Sergio Cimerman, Alexandre Naime Barbosa, Pasquale Pagliano, Gabriela Zambrano-Sanchez, Jaime A Cardona-Ospina, Beatrice Bížová, Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales","doi":"10.53854/liim-3003-6","DOIUrl":"10.53854/liim-3003-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monkeypox is a rare viral infection, endemic in many central and western African countries. The last international outbreak of monkeypox reported outside Africa occurred back in 2003. However, monkeypox has reemerged at a global scale with numerous confirmed cases across the globe in 2022. The rapid spread of cases through different countries has raised serious concerns among public health officials worldwide prompting accelerated investigations aimed to identify the origins and cause of the rapid expansion of cases. The current situation is reminiscent of the very early stages of the still ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Overlapping features between these, two seemingly alike viral entities include the possibility for airborne transmission and the currently unexplained and rapid spread across borders. Early recognition of cases and timely intervention of potential transmission chains are necessary to contain further outbreaks. Measures should include rapid and accurate diagnosis of cases meeting case definitions, active surveillance efforts, and appropriate containment of confirmed cases. Governments and health policymakers must apply lessons learned from previous outbreaks and start taking active steps toward limiting the recent global spread of monkeypox. Herein, we discuss the status of the current monkeypox outbreaks worldwide, the epidemiological and public health situation at a global scale and what can be done to keep at bay its further expansion and future global implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":52423,"journal":{"name":"Infezioni in Medicina","volume":"30 3","pages":"372-391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9448318/pdf/1124-9390_30_3_2022_372-391.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33477236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of public health and interventions to address HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Miami-Dade County, Florida, USA.","authors":"Jose A Gonzales-Zamora,&nbsp;Linda Ponce-Rosas,&nbsp;Richard Martinez","doi":"10.53854/liim-3003-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53854/liim-3003-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among men who have sex with men (MSM) has been recognized as a public health problem in Miami-Dade County, Florida, USA. This was found to be a significant problem in our need assessment as evidenced by the HIV incidence rate of 28.4 per 100,000 population, which is higher than the average incidence reported for the state of Florida. MSM account for the mostly affected group, reaching 59% of all the new cases. A review of the HIV determinants was conducted using an ecological framework. At the individual level, sexual abuse, alcohol, and drug consumption were identified as determinants of HIV infection in this population. Family rejection was recognized as a determinant at the interpersonal level. Connection to the gay community can function as a protective factor but it can also be possible predictor of HIV infection. Among structural factors, poverty was found to be positively associated with HIV prevalence. Additionally, we highlighted the importance of sexual health education and especially pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) as protective factors. By using systems thinking tools, we designed a causal loop diagram that illustrates visually the recognized determinants of public health. Finally, we presented several studies that evaluate evidence-based interventions to improve the uptake and retention in care of PrEP in MSM. We also described existing interventions implemented in Miami-Dade County, and reported studies that may contribute to the development of new HIV preventive strategies in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":52423,"journal":{"name":"Infezioni in Medicina","volume":"30 3","pages":"392-402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9448313/pdf/1124-9390_30_3_2022_392-402.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33477233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of clinical characteristics and outcome in RT-PCR positive and false-negative RT-PCR for COVID-19: A Retrospective analysis.","authors":"Durga Shankar Meena,&nbsp;Bharat Kumar,&nbsp;Arjun Kachhwaha,&nbsp;Deepak Kumar,&nbsp;Satyendra Khichar,&nbsp;Gopal Krishana Bohra,&nbsp;Ankur Sharma,&nbsp;Nikhil Kothari,&nbsp;Pawan Garg,&nbsp;Binit Sureka,&nbsp;Mithu Banerjee,&nbsp;Mahendra Kumar Garg,&nbsp;Sanjeev Misra","doi":"10.53854/liim-3003-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53854/liim-3003-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cases with SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR negative pneumonia are an understudied group with uncertainty remaining regarding their treatment approach. We aimed to compare the clinical and radiological characteristics of RT-PCR positive and clinically diagnosed RT-PCR negative COVID-19. This was a single-centre retrospective study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Western India. All patients (age ≥18 years) with suspicion of COVID-19 with SARI (severe acute respiratory infections) who were subjected to RT-PCR testing (nasal/oropharyngeal swab) were included. Based on RTPCR results, patients were categorized and compared for demographic, clinical, and biochemical characteristics and outcomes. Out of 500 patients, 339 (67.8%) found RT-PCR positive. Except for the radiological findings, both groups differ in clinical presentation, disease severity (inflammatory markers), and outcome. RT-PCR-positive patients had raised ferritin, NLR (Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio), LDH, and high mortality compared to the swab-negative group. In-hospital mortality was also significantly high in RT-PCR positive group (HR=1.9, 95% CI=1.4-2.5, p=0.001). On multivariate analysis, NLR, ferritin, and d-dimer were the independent predictors of mortality in RT-PCR-positive (p=0.038, 0.054, and 0.023). At the same time, raised TLC (total leukocyte count) and procalcitonin were the risk factors for poor outcomes in RT-PCR-negative patients (p=0.041 and 0.038). We found significantly raised ferritin, NLR, and LDH levels and increased mortality in RT-PCR positive patients compared to RT-PCR negative. Incorporating clinical features, radiological, and biochemical parameters could be prudent while managing the RT-PCR-negative patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":52423,"journal":{"name":"Infezioni in Medicina","volume":"30 3","pages":"403-411"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9448311/pdf/1124-9390_30_3_2022_403-411.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33477238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to antiretroviral therapy thought package-refill among HIV+ persons at \"D. Cotugno\" hospital, Naples, Italy.","authors":"Francesco Maria Fusco,&nbsp;Nadia Sangiovanni,&nbsp;Nunzia Papa,&nbsp;Nunzia Cuomo,&nbsp;Orsola Tambaro,&nbsp;Valentina Iodice,&nbsp;Vincenzo Bruner,&nbsp;Maria Aurora Carleo,&nbsp;Viviana Rizzo,&nbsp;Giulia Palmiero,&nbsp;Mariana Di Lorenzo,&nbsp;Micaela Spatarella,&nbsp;Rosaria Viglietti,&nbsp;Vincenzo Sangiovanni,&nbsp;Vincenzo Esposito","doi":"10.53854/liim-3003-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53854/liim-3003-13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A gold-standard for the measurement of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is lacking. Aim of this study is to verify the feasibility of a package-refill-based measurement of ART at \"D. Cotugno\" hospital, Naples, Italy, and the factors associated to adherence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the period January 2018-August 2020, we calculated the package-refill as the ratio between ART-packages actually withdrawn, and the ART packages needed to regularly take ART. Adherence was associated, trough a univariate e multivariate logistic regression, to demographical, behavioural and clinical factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1140 HIV+ subjects were included. At univariate logistic regression inadequate package-refill-based adherence is associated with HIV-RNA higher than 50 copies/mmL (OR 3.77-IC95% 2.76-5.13) and with HIVRNA higher than 200 copies/mmL (OR 3.98-IC95% 2.69-5.90). Being not-Italian and Injective-drug-user are associated with low adherence, having HIV/AIDS for more than 8 years is associated with better adherence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Package-refill is a suitable method for measuring adherence and is associated with the condition of viral failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":52423,"journal":{"name":"Infezioni in Medicina","volume":"30 3","pages":"440-445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9448314/pdf/1124-9390_30_3_2022_440-445.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33477777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment with cefiderocol in <i>K. pneumoniae</i> KPC nosocomial external ventricular drainage meningitis: A brief report.","authors":"Francesco Colombo,&nbsp;Ali Waheed,&nbsp;Sandro Panese,&nbsp;Claudio Scarparo,&nbsp;Maria Solinas,&nbsp;Saverio Giuseppe Parisi,&nbsp;Nicholas Geremia","doi":"10.53854/liim-3003-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53854/liim-3003-15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report the case of successful use of cefiderocol (FDC) in a <i>Carbapenemase Producing K. pneumoniae</i> (CPKP) post-surgical meningitis in a 44-year-old man treated with antimicrobial therapy and external ventricular drainage (EVD). The patient was known for being colonised by CPKP; for this reason, therapy with ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) plus fosfomycin and linezolid was started. After an initial response a CZA resistant CPKP strain was isolated from CSF culture, so the antibiotic therapy was modified to FDC with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for 14 days, and EVD was replaced. A complete recovery was obtained. This is the first case report describing FDC administration in CPKP meningitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":52423,"journal":{"name":"Infezioni in Medicina","volume":"30 3","pages":"454-458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9448310/pdf/1124-9390_30_3_2022_454-458.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33479276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growing shreds of evidence for monkeypox to be a sexually transmitted infection.","authors":"Fatma A Amer, Noha M Hammad, Ahmed Ashraf Wegdan, Nissreen E ElBadawy, Pasquale Pagliano, Alfonso J Rodríguez-Morales","doi":"10.53854/liim-3003-1","DOIUrl":"10.53854/liim-3003-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52423,"journal":{"name":"Infezioni in Medicina","volume":"30 3","pages":"323-327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9448319/pdf/1124-9390_30_3_2022_323-327.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33477235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests useful for the control of latest variants spreading?","authors":"Nadia Marascio, Angela Quirino, Giuseppe Guido Maria Scarlata, Giorgio Settimo Barreca, Aida Giancotti, Angelo Giuseppe Lamberti, Luigia Gallo, Fabio Foti, Domenico Luca Laurendi, Daniela Dattola, Antonino Marsico, Antonia La Rocca, Giovanni Matera","doi":"10.53854/liim-3003-11","DOIUrl":"10.53854/liim-3003-11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) conducted on nasopharyngeal swabs is the gold standard in the diagnosis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In Italy, recent guidelines indicate that rapid antigen tests (RATs) can be used for the isolation of positive patients or for the interruption of quarantine, but they are often less sensitive to detect positive subjects. Indeed, the performance of these RATs depends on the timing and the population on which they are evaluated. Herein, we evaluated the performance of BIOCREDIT COVID-19 Ag and Fluorecare^® SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Test during a population screening in the Calabria Region, Southern Italy. We report that both antigen test shows low sensitivity in contrast to the high sensitivity declared by manufacturer (90% and 92%, respectively) and that the area under the curve (AUC) was good for Fluorecare^® SARS-CoV- 2 Spike Protein Test but very poor for BIOCREDIT COVID-19 Ag. We suggest that these RATs should be re-evaluated in the current pandemic era.</p>","PeriodicalId":52423,"journal":{"name":"Infezioni in Medicina","volume":"30 3","pages":"427-431"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9448309/pdf/1124-9390_30_3_2022_427-431.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33477774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative overview of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern.","authors":"Aqeel Ahmad,&nbsp;Mohammed Ali Mullah Fawaz,&nbsp;Arafeen Aisha","doi":"10.53854/liim-3003-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53854/liim-3003-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) coronavirus outbreak began in Wuhan, China, and quickly spread to practically every corner of the globe, killing millions of people. SARS-CoV-2 produced numerous variants, five of which have been identified as variants of concern (VOC) by the World Health Organization (WHO) (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron). We conducted a comparative epidemiological analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and its VOC in this paper. We compared the effects of various spike (S) protein mutations in SARS-CoV-2 and its VOC on transmissibility, illness severity, hospitalization risk, fatality rate, immunological evasion, and vaccine efficacy in this review. We also looked into the clinical characteristics of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and its VOC.</p>","PeriodicalId":52423,"journal":{"name":"Infezioni in Medicina","volume":"30 3","pages":"328-343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9448317/pdf/1124-9390_30_3_2022_328-343.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33477775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}