City and Environment Interactions最新文献

{"title":"Climate change hazards and the resilience of coastal cities in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries: A systematic review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change hazards continue to pose detrimental impacts on coastal cities in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, and Oman) of the Middle East, which undermines their climate resilience. The situation is exacerbated by the rapid urban development in coastal cities in the GCC countries over the past 20 years. This review study examined the climate change hazards that are having negative impacts on the resilience of coastal cities in the GCC countries using a systematic literature review approach. It also explores the urban resilience strategies implemented towards climate change hazards mitigation and adaptation in order to build climate-resilient coastal cities in the GCC countries. A total of 48 peer-reviewed articles were included in the systematic review derived from Scopus, WoS, and Google Scholar, covering the nine coastal cities in the six GCC countries. Most of the studies were focused on the coastal cities of Jeddah (30 %) in Saudi Arabia and Doha (24 %) in Qatar, compared to the other seven coastal cities in the GCC countries. Flooding, rising temperature, sea level rise, dust storms, cyclones, and migration of sand dunes were the six most reported climate change hazards, respectively, posing significant negative impacts on coastal cities and undermining their resilience to current and future climate change impacts. The various urban resilience strategies implemented against climate change hazards were categorised under five resilience dimensions: infrastructure resilience, social resilience, environmental resilience, economic resilience, and governance and policy resilience dimensions. The infrastructure resilience dimension was reported in 50.7 % of the studies, since it is the most implemented, while far less research attention was given to the environmental (14.5 %), government and policy (8.7 %), and economic (2.9 %) resilience dimensions of coastal cities in the GCC countries. The urban resilience strategies for climate mitigation and adaptation were reported to have successfully reduced the vulnerability of coastal cities to climate change hazards over the past decade, by improving their climate resilience. The findings contribute to informing urban planning policy-making focused on coastal environmental management in the coastal cities of the GCC countries that should further enhance the climate resilience of these coastal cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health impact assessment of exposure to road traffic noise and air pollution according to pre- and post-densification scenarios in Helsingborg, Sweden","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A prevalent solution to accommodate population growth due to urbanization is densification. However, this often pushes new residential housing closer to roads, increasing exposure to both noise and air pollution. The present study’s aim was to estimate the health impacts of road traffic-related noise and air pollution for a low-income area (Drottninghög) in Helsingborg, Sweden, according to pre-densification (2012) and post-densification (2030) scenarios.</div><div>Road traffic noise was simulated at the façade of residential buildings using the Nordic prediction method, and exposure was assessed using SoundPLAN. Exposure-response functions (ERF) from the WHO were utilized for the following health outcomes associated with noise: annoyance, adverse sleep disturbance, ischemic heart disease (IHD) incidence and IHD mortality. Air pollution (nitrogen dioxide, NO₂) was assessed using a Gaussian dispersion model (AERMODE). Health outcomes associated with NO₂ included natural cause mortality, pediatric asthma, respiratory hospitalizations and low birth weight (LBW). ERFs were derived from meta-analyses. Health impact assessments were then performed for both scenarios.</div><div>Densifying Drottninghög according to the municipality’s planned strategy would lead to a 15 % unit increase in the proportion of residents exposed to road traffic noise above the WHO’s health-based guideline value (53 dB(A) L_den). This was estimated to markedly increase the proportion of residents highly annoyed by traffic noise (7.4–13.9 %) as well as those highly sleep disturbed (3.0–4.9 %). IHD incidence and IHD mortality attributed to noise would increase by an estimated 49 % and 44 %, respectively, post-densification. NO₂ exposure was estimated to increase slightly (0.7 µg/m³) post-densification, which would contribute to an estimated 4–6 % increase in natural cause mortality, pediatric asthma, respiratory hospitalization and LBW.</div><div>Urban planning initiatives need to consider these prevalent urban environmental exposures and integrate a public health perspective into densification strategies. Doing so can create synergies in the built environment that promote healthy, sustainable cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping heat-related risks in Swiss cities under different urban tree scenarios","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>About three quarter of Swiss residents live in urban areas, and this proportion is expected to grow in future decades. An increasing number of people will therefore be exposed to urban heat, which can have adverse effects on human wellbeing, productivity and physical health.</div><div>We explore the possibility to detect high-risk areas in five Swiss cities with the development of an urban heat-based risk-mapping approach. The included cities are Basel, Bern, Geneva, Lausanne and Zurich. The analysis is based on a combination of biophysical, including Landsat 8 derived Land Surface Temperature (LST), and socioeconomic data. Additionally, we assess the impact of urban trees on urban heat within the districts of these cities, helping to estimate how risk levels would change under two scenarios: one with increased tree cover (MaxTree) and another with no (NoTree) urban trees.</div><div>The assessment on the impact of urban trees on heat showed that the areas with urban trees generally experience cooler temperatures compared to those without, both at the city and district levels. This underscores the positive role of urban trees in mitigating the urban heat effect.</div><div>The risk mapping approach revealed a distinct spatial pattern for each city and high risk areas were identified.</div><div>Generally, the high-risk areas in the analyzed cities cover the city centers and areas with high vulnerability.</div><div>The ‘NoTree’ scenario showed higher risks compared to the baseline situation, illustrating that urban trees currently mitigate heat related risks in Swiss cities. The ‘MaxTree’ scenario results in lower risks, especially in the cities of Lausanne and Bern.</div><div>The presented risk mapping approach, including the two idealized scenarios, can be used by policy- and decision-makers (e.g. city planners) can be a tool to determine where urban planning actions are the most urgent and where trees could be most beneficial in terms of adaptation to heat. The approach is easily adaptable and transferable to other cities, since it relies on a clear and simple methodological framework, openly available LST data, and basic socioeconomic variables at district scale that are available for many cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the degree of personal exposure to PM2.5 in growing cities of Rwanda based on time-activity patterns and microenvironments","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) is strongly linked with a wide range of diverse health effects making it a substantial global threat and a critical concern for public health. While studies have been conducted on personal exposure (PE) to PM_2.5 in specific environments, contributions of different microenvironments and activities to overall daily PE remain unclear. This study evaluates the degree of PE to PM_2.5 in five growing cities of Rwanda based on individual’s time-activity patterns and visited microenvironments. A total of 150 participants were recruited to collect real-time personal and ambient PM_2.5 measurements during their routine activities in different outdoor and indoor microenvironments for five consecutive days in dry season. Each participant was an employee in one of the six most prevalent urban economic activities found in their city of residence: workshops, flour mill plants, near road activities, garages, markets, kitchens and motorcycle taxi services. The participant’s day was categorized into three most distinct microenvironments grouped under home, work, and other microenvironments (other MEs). PE to PM_2.5 assessed for all participants showed significant variability among types of activities and categories of microenvironments (p &lt; 0.05). The work microenvironment experienced the highest daily mean PM_2.5 exposures ranging from 12.67 μg/m³ to 192.64 μg/m³, followed by other MEs ranging from 13.25 μg/m³ to 113.58 μg/m³, while the lowest exposures observed at home microenvironment with concentrations ranging from 11.69 μg/m³ to 72.54 μg/m³ among 7 monitored activities in 5 cities. Exposure contributions and personal-ambient differences were dominated by the work microenvironment, with a daily contribution of flour milling activities reaching up to 51.55 %; and some participants were exposed to maximum PM_2.5 concentrations up to 22 times higher than ambient levels while in the kitchen activities. This study highlights the significant effects of daily personal activities and visited microenvironments on personal PM_2.5 exposure, and the importance of considering a personal lifestyle in understanding the true personal exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indoor heat in Amsterdam: Comparing observed indoor air temperatures from a professional network and from a citizen science approach","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ongoing climate change is increasing summertime temperatures, and frequency and intensity of heatwaves in Europe, which can threaten human health. Relatively little is known about how quickly outdoor heat penetrates into residences during heatwaves. Long-term and systematic networks recording indoor temperatures are challenging to install and maintain, and therefore scarce. We first report on crowdsourced indoor air temperature data in residences in Amsterdam (The Netherlands) during a heatwave event in September 2023. These data complement professional long-term indoor air temperature observations in 92 houses in Amsterdam. Second, we document the lessons learnt in the design and execution of this citizen science activity. 571 indoor temperature records were collected through the citizen science crowdsourcing approach, with a median value of 28.0 °C on the warmest day in the study period, while outdoor mean minimum and maximum temperatures reached 20.6 °C and 31.1 °C respectively. The results indicate that the crowdsourcing approach reports temperatures that are significantly higher than the professional approach, which supports the need for professional indoor networks. Finally, local media attention was critical in reaching a wide audience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating energy generation potential from municipal solid waste in an open dumping site of Khulna","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The expanding global population, waste output, land scarcity, and environmental deterioration make waste-to-energy (WtE) technology a feasible option for managing MSW. This study explores the economic benefits of WtE in the Rajbandh open dumpsite in Khulna and the potential of generating energy from MSW. The electricity generation potential under alternative scenarios namely scenario 2 (landfill gas to electricity (LFGTE)), scenario 3 (mass-burn incineration), scenario 4 (hybrid LFGTE, mechanical–biological treated (MBT) anaerobic digestion (AD) and incineration), and scenario 5 (hybrid AD and refuse-derived fuel (RDF) incineration) is based on projected waste generation over the next 20 years, taking population growth into account. These four options are compared to Business as Usual (BAU). Scenario 3 has the highest electricity generation capacity at 207799.73 MWh/year, followed by hybrid RDF-incineration/MBT-AD (scenario 5), LFGTE, however, lowest generation at 30683.07 MWh/year. Net Present Value (NPV), Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE), and Payback Period define each scenario’s economic feasibility. Due to its greatest NPV of approximately 41.378 million USD, Scenario 3 is the most economically beneficial. Sensitivity analysis has been done selecting some sensitive parameters to evaluate the robustness of the output. Waste reduction model (WARM) estimates greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy use for each scenario. However, scenario 3 has the lowest GHG emissions and energy use. In addition to reducing GHG emissions and energy usage, recycling waste increased NPV and economic benefits. This analysis reveals that scenario 3 is the best way to generate power, provide economic benefits, and reduce energy consumption for ecologically friendly waste management in Khulna City.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Old-growth Ficus trees provide soil water and carbon storage to urban greenspaces in a Brazilian metropolis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban flooding has been considered one of the most severe natural disasters around the world, and urban greenspaces can provide important flood regulation ecosystem services. In Belo Horizonte (Brazil), the woody vegetation, especially the old-growth <em>Ficus</em> trees, appears to protect an urban park against the flooding of the Arrudas river. Thus, we compared the soil water content, soil water-holding capacity, soil aggregation and porosity among a highly permeable urban park planted with herbaceous and woody species, including <em>Ficus</em>, a semi-permeable parking lot with only <em>Ficus</em> and an impermeable site without trees (Disturbed Site-DS). The soil water content and water holding capacity of the urban park did not differ from that of the <em>Ficus</em> site, but it was lower than DS. These results were correlated with soil organic matter (SOM) content, soil aggregation and porosity, suggesting that <em>Ficus</em> trees play an important role in the hydrological cycle. To understand how the <em>Fiscus</em> species provide such soil permeability, we compared the aboveground plant biomass, soil fertility and soil carbon sequestration (total soil carbon, soil organic matter, humic and fulvic acids and soil isotopic δ13 C) in plots with <em>Ficus</em> and without this species within the park as well as in a preserved urban forest and a disturbed square. The outstanding plant biomass produced by <em>Ficus</em> species explained the high soil carbon sequestration, particularly in humic organic matter, favouring soil aggregation, porosity and water retention. Therefore, <em>Ficus</em> species may be considered an exceptional C-sequestering species, contributing for soil stabilization and the hydrological cycle in urban greenspaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DeNOxing the air in urban spaces by building and construction photocatalytic coverings","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A variety of air depolluting TiO₂-based marketed products were applied on bituminous mixtures, sidewalk pavements and facades, giving NO_x oxidation ratios under ISO 22197–1:2007 in the 35–9%, 56–2% and 28–2% ranges, respectively. Correspondingly, DeNO_x toxicity indexes varied from −0.8 to 5.6, 0 to 14 and −4 to 1 μmol.</div><div>The three most efficient photocatalytic products were selected: two TiO₂-water dispersions, for road and sidewalk, and a TiO₂-covering, for facade. NO_x purifying ability of these materials were evaluated when key physical parameters were modified. The observed NO_x conversion is positively correlated with UV-A irradiance up to 10 W/m², reaching a plateau, and negatively correlated with relative humidity, with a more pronounced decrease above 35%. Inversely, no dependence with inlet NO_x concentration is observed in the range of 0.14–1 ppm_v.</div><div>Further, two first-order kinetic approximations were followed to calculate NO surface deposition rates, giving 2 to 8 10⁻³ m/s on the selected photocatalytic urban surfaces. Subsequently, the potential NO_x sink effect induced in a photocatalytic urban canyon and a NO_x-purifier was modelled taking NO_x surface deposition rates from 10⁻³ to 10⁻¹ m/s. Purifying devices could be utilised as a preferred option to help alleviate local atmospheric NO_x in high-polluted areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green spaces in Ghana’s built environment: Analyzing perceptions and urban planning perspectives through the lens of the New Environmental Paradigm","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the busy world of city growth, urban green spaces in Ghana are befallen with destruction due to urbanization. Using a cross-sectional design and case-studying Damongo and Kintampo, this study assessed the perceptions of urban residents and urban planning perspectives about green spaces in enhancing the environmental condition of fast-growing urban areas, and proposed guidelines for the managing green spaces within Ghana’s built environment. The results revealed that underutilization and insufficient funding for greenspace management increase vulnerability to urban encroachment, especially during inward city growth. Again, the exhaustion of the limited resources of the earth could have repercussions for the population of the earth; however, the need for such resources and the level of poverty influences poor environmental decisions. Further, the results showed that planning for urban green and open space ought to be decided at the local level. The study, therefore, recommends a collaborative approach involving city authorities, private sectors, and the public for effective green space management, emphasizing inclusive decision-making and active preservation, and the development of local standards within a national framework, guided by an urban green spaces protection scheme.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259025202400028X/pdfft?md5=b14f7e82764650f8b884ebe59b614177&pid=1-s2.0-S259025202400028X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142242640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Droughts and floods in a changing climate and implications for multi-hazard urban planning: A review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate change impacts global weather patterns, leading to more frequent and intense extreme weather events. Floods and droughts are the primary hazards caused by climate change, for the number of events, people affected, and global economic impacts. While traditionally addressed separately, their interconnectedness is increasingly recognized in research, policies, and practices. However, research on their interactions is limited, especially in urban areas. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between floods and droughts by analyzing their similarities and differences. This understanding will inform multi-hazard analysis and guide urban planning. A literature review was conducted to analyze the existing body of knowledge on floods, droughts, and their interactions, specifically focusing on cities in the context of climate change and risk. First, an analysis of the characteristics and differences between floods and droughts highlights the primary distinction lies in their temporal and spatial spread. Droughts are slow-onset events that impact large areas over extended periods, while floods are rapid-onset events with a more concentrated impact. Additionally, the review identifies commonalities between the two hazards, such as shared causes, cascading effects, mutually negative impacts, potential for joint management strategies, commonly affected sectors, geographical distribution patterns, frequently cited case studies, a growing focus on urban areas, and crucial knowledge gaps that require further investigation. Finally, the paper presents a novel framework for analyzing the interconnected risks of floods and droughts. This framework emphasizes the importance of comprehensive data collection, including risk factors, contextual information, drivers, impacts, responses, and historical event data. This holistic approach aims to improve understanding of these interconnected hazards’ combined causes and effects. The article argues for a paradigm shift in urban planning towards a multi-hazard, multi-sectoral, resilient, and adaptable approach that considers both floods and droughts in the context of climate change. The article concludes with suggestions for further research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590252024000291/pdfft?md5=68972d4255bff4f9d63acc00bc158e4a&pid=1-s2.0-S2590252024000291-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}