City and Environment Interactions最新文献

{"title":"Droughts and floods in a changing climate and implications for multi-hazard urban planning: A review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate change impacts global weather patterns, leading to more frequent and intense extreme weather events. Floods and droughts are the primary hazards caused by climate change, for the number of events, people affected, and global economic impacts. While traditionally addressed separately, their interconnectedness is increasingly recognized in research, policies, and practices. However, research on their interactions is limited, especially in urban areas. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between floods and droughts by analyzing their similarities and differences. This understanding will inform multi-hazard analysis and guide urban planning. A literature review was conducted to analyze the existing body of knowledge on floods, droughts, and their interactions, specifically focusing on cities in the context of climate change and risk. First, an analysis of the characteristics and differences between floods and droughts highlights the primary distinction lies in their temporal and spatial spread. Droughts are slow-onset events that impact large areas over extended periods, while floods are rapid-onset events with a more concentrated impact. Additionally, the review identifies commonalities between the two hazards, such as shared causes, cascading effects, mutually negative impacts, potential for joint management strategies, commonly affected sectors, geographical distribution patterns, frequently cited case studies, a growing focus on urban areas, and crucial knowledge gaps that require further investigation. Finally, the paper presents a novel framework for analyzing the interconnected risks of floods and droughts. This framework emphasizes the importance of comprehensive data collection, including risk factors, contextual information, drivers, impacts, responses, and historical event data. This holistic approach aims to improve understanding of these interconnected hazards’ combined causes and effects. The article argues for a paradigm shift in urban planning towards a multi-hazard, multi-sectoral, resilient, and adaptable approach that considers both floods and droughts in the context of climate change. The article concludes with suggestions for further research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590252024000291/pdfft?md5=68972d4255bff4f9d63acc00bc158e4a&pid=1-s2.0-S2590252024000291-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the potentials of urban crop farming and the question of environmental sustainability","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As part of efforts to promote urban green spaces in increasingly urbanized cities of Africa, urban crop farming (UCF) has become a necessary pillar of urban environmental sustainability. Beyond the primary functions of food security and employment, UCF contributes to greening the urban environment and provides valuable options for urban regeneration within the broad components of environmental, social, and economic sustainability. We draw on interviews and focus group discussions in Tamale, a rapidly urbanizing Ghanaian metropolis, to examine the potential of UCF and the question of urban environmental sustainability. Our findings revealed the tremendous contributions of UCF to the provision of greenery, beautiful scenery, healthy spaces, socio-economic inclusion, and environmental restoration. We argue that reflecting and incorporating these findings in policy will be helpful for urban landscape planning and management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590252024000278/pdfft?md5=dbb08ab51980e721ddf95cb0f2f8b9ab&pid=1-s2.0-S2590252024000278-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142130224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraction of the essential elements for urban systems modelling – A word-to-vector approach","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to its ever-evolving nature, urbanisation continues to escalate in complexity, further exacerbating the urban sustainability challenges. This necessitates the need for evidence-based policymaking enabled by modelling approaches, to facilitate informed decisions, and propel and gravitate towards urban sustainability. The major constraint is that of identifying the essential characteristics for consideration when modelling cities as complex systems, in a structured manner that integrates these characteristics, cognisant of their relative importance. The distinctive urban systems, corresponding system characteristics and interdependencies impacting the modelling of cities as complex systems, can be identified from peer-reviewed literature. The limiting constraint is, although there is widely available information on cities in research databases, the ability to use this literature for a quantitative model has not been proven, presenting a research gap. This approach results in significant complexities. In order to resolve these complexities, this study seeks a systems-based approach including a 2-tier structured protocol, leveraging qualitative-to-quantitative techniques to automatically extract the key systems which impact the development of city models. Through a systematic literature review, data on 13 key systems is qualitatively extracted from research databases such as Scopus and ScienceDirect, for the duration 2014 – 2024. Through word2vector analysis, machine learning techniques are utilised to perform the quantitative mapping of each urban system into corresponding system characteristics, and quantitatively illustrate them based on relative importance. The results illustrate that this proposed method is significant to characterize the essential systems that constitute a city as a complex system, based on machine learning and text analytics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590252024000266/pdfft?md5=7539acf4eec970af1de377e19969f360&pid=1-s2.0-S2590252024000266-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142098179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying the barriers to green infrastructure implementation in semi-arid urban areas using the DPSIR framework: A case study of Amman, Jordan","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research has highlighted the role of green infrastructure (GI) in addressing climate change impacts and other societal and environmental challenges in semi-arid urban areas. Regardless of this potential, GI implementation and research in arid climate zones is limited. Accordingly, using Amman, Jordan as a case study, this research aims to investigate the barriers that impede and prevent GI implementation in semi-arid urban areas. The GI barriers are conceptualized using the Driving–Pressure–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR) framework which was applied on data collected from semi-structured interviews with GI stakeholders in the city. The findings highlighted 17 general implementation barriers grouped into 6 categories. The DPSIR framework specifically highlighted the role of natural and human drivers (e.g. rapid urbanization, institutional capacities, and lacking financial resources) in creating significant barriers to GI implementation. It also illustrated the focus on open spaces and green cover in GI planning in Amman, lacking performance data on GI best practices in semi-arid contexts, and the need of integrated pathways to overcome the identified barriers. The DPSIR framework presents an easy-to-communicate picture of the state of GI implementation in the city that can be utilized by decision-makers, particularly those lacking access to diverse resources. The outcomes of this study enhances our understanding of GI planning in semi-arid urban areas and are beneficial for policymakers and practitioners looking for pathways to promote resilient urban development strategies. Overall, the study calls for further GI research on semi-arid developing contexts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590252024000254/pdfft?md5=f46318ecd8433f8c2fe261750fb4339f&pid=1-s2.0-S2590252024000254-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141978481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of regional, urban and future climate on indoor overheating – A simplified approach based on measured weather data, statistical evaluation, and urban climate effects for building performance simulations","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As summer heat events cause a further increase of heat load in buildings, the need for indoor overheating assessment by building performance simulations (BPS) for planning is rising. Besides other boundary conditions, the selection of proper weather data is known to significantly influence the outcome of overheating evaluation. Our research pointed out that current standards do not consider weather data including regional differences, urban climate effects or future climate in a sufficient way.</p><p>We suggest a new approach to create weather data sets for an average present and an average future summer based on meteorological data from weather stations. Therefore, we define characteristic summer values as indicators. In addition, urban climate is taken into account by mapping the outdoor temperature differences between urban areas and surrounding countryside using Local Climate Zones. We analyse the developed weather data sets for four regions in Germany by comparing the indoor overheating risk by BPS for an exemplary building. The results show that the overheating risk differs significantly between the regions. It is very low for the region of Hamburg, moderate for Dresden and Potsdam and highly critical for Stuttgart. The indoor heat load is at least more than doubled if the building is located in the city centre instead of its surroundings or if future climate conditions are applied. Furthermore, high night-time outdoor temperatures appear to significantly increase indoor overheating. Our approaches are first suggestions and show the relevance of regional and urban climate for indoor overheating assessment by BPS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590252024000230/pdfft?md5=c3c6c03a9236d40f3507441563c0445d&pid=1-s2.0-S2590252024000230-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141954061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revitalizing tactical urban parks (TUPs) through environmental monitoring and participatory approaches for urban overheating mitigation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The 6^th assessment report by IPCC underscores the necessity to switch from immediate to timely actions to foster (urban) climate change adaptation and mitigation. Green areas such as tactical urban parks could represent a strategic asset towards healthier and more sustainable cities and societies. Specifically studied greenery may indeed improve local microclimate and air quality conditions, supporting the socio-ecological resilience of cities while enhancing social interactions.</p><p>Using a multidisciplinary approach, this study aims to evaluate the environmental quality and local community needs of a neighbourhood located near the historic centre of Perugia (Italy) to provide guidelines for its requalification, especially for outdoor spaces. To achieve this goal, the study conducted dedicated environmental monitoring, demonstrating the massive thermal behavior differences (by about 5K in summer) within the same urban area all over the year, and carried out surveys campaigns focusing on outdoor perceptions and needs reported by the local community. The results confirm that local residents mainly use the area as a thoroughfare to access established activities by car (63% of respondants), leading to high vehicular traffic and pollutants emissions during peak hours, with PM10 concentration peaks reaching 55 μg/m³ and 180 μg/m³ close to the parking lot in winter and spring, respectively. An effective intervention was recognized in the introduction of furniture in the area, creating attractive places to spend the lunch break, enabling people to enjoy the outdoors and maximize thermal comfort benefits. Moreover, reducing vehicular traffic and fostering slow mobility also demonstrated to be attractive measures to improve comfort, health and well-being and reduce negative consequences on air quality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590252024000242/pdfft?md5=e0e27e56592129da06e5363a0232087a&pid=1-s2.0-S2590252024000242-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142011282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of population size on urban heat island and NO2 air pollution: Review and meta-analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Urban heat island (UHI) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) concentration in the air are two significant health hazards arising from urbanization. While much research has focused on the local urban context and micro-conditions for sources and exposures in particular case-studies, the effect of the overall level of urban agglomeration, as measured by population size, remains underreported. We compile the literature that explicitly discusses the relationship between UHI or NO₂ and population size. We synthesize methods and findings qualitatively, then perform a quantified meta-analysis using comparable data from the corpus. We find that the corpus from which population size effects can be retrieved is very thin given the level of urbanization trends and the health impact. Despite a variety of functional specifications, data gathering processes, and metrics, the literature generally agrees on a significant effect of population size on both UHI and NO₂. After pooling data we estimate that each 10-fold increase in population, increases the temperature gap between the city and countryside by almost 2 <span><math><mrow><mi>°</mi></mrow></math></span>C or a 40 % increase when cities get very large. We find that NO₂ scales similarly, with a 40 % increase in concentration each time the city population is multiplied by 10. These numbers represent very important health threat given the current urbanization rate and the distribution of city population sizes. We also call for more studies to be conducted, across larger sets of cities, using observed data at higher resolution and comparable city definitions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590252024000217/pdfft?md5=1fa75f99a0aedb1f7b8978a94b6d41a3&pid=1-s2.0-S2590252024000217-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141963387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban policy responses to climate hazards in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Urban in-migration, high birth rates and unchecked development are driving the continued growth of African cities. Much of this urbanization occurs in informal settlements, where unplanned growth exacerbates the impacts of climate hazards. Our paper explores the challenges faced by urban planners seeking to address climate change threats in African cities. Focusing on Addis Ababa, we conduct a robust policy analysis of urban government response. Our main finding is that Addis Ababa’s environmental challenges are primarily a result of urban development and inadequate planning and policy enforcement. Environmental challenges are exacerbated by rapidly intensifying climate impacts, but not driven by them. Improved city-level policy responses can potentially mitigate many of Addis Ababa’s current environmental challenges and prepare the city to weather future ones. We highlight four areas of policy weakness: (1) ineffective or absent policies concerning green space; (2) the exclusion of informal settlements from ongoing resilience planning efforts; (3) limited public trust and transparency; and (4) a lack of coordination across the multiple agencies in Addis charged with planning. Holistic, multi-stakeholder planning is inhibited by a lack of collaboration, limited stakeholder participation, and a reluctance to engage in productive dialogue. Resolving all four issues will only occur with sustained increases in social trust, expertise, governance capacity and capital.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590252024000229/pdfft?md5=f124ca52149d893965a5aa3c3685115b&pid=1-s2.0-S2590252024000229-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141843046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social factors of urban greening: Demographics, zoning, and social capital","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explored the association between greening and social capital in neighborhoods, considering demographics and zoning by urban planning. The target area encompassed the urban areas of Kyoto City, Japan, which has a long tradition of landscape policy and neighborhood associations. Greening was evaluated using two automated methods: 1) horizontal green coverage of the land was calculated via the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index in satellite images, and 2) green visibility in streetscape from a human perspective was estimated by combining Google Street View images and a machine learning model. Public government data were used for demographics and zoning, and social capital was evaluated using survey data from the local government. After performing the elastic net models, variables that had explanatory power for each greening index were selected. Similar reasonable associations were found for each of the indices with the zoning categories. However, for both zoning and demographics, different variables were selected. Importantly, the social capital variable was selected only for the green visibility in streetscape, showing a negative correlation between them, unlike in previous studies. These results suggest that the association between urban greening and social relationships can change depending on the context of the target regions and measurements of greening.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590252024000205/pdfft?md5=64f533a65229ff982367813f1531b547&pid=1-s2.0-S2590252024000205-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141712181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants influencing the accessibility and use of urban green spaces: A review of empirical evidence","authors":"ALENE Endalew Terefe ,&nbsp;Yuting Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The accessibility and utilization of Urban Green Spaces (UGSs) play a crucial role in enhancing the health benefits and overall quality of life for urban residents. However, it is evident that not just a single factor, but rather a multitude of factors, influence the accessibility and use of UGSs. Consequently, this study aims to systematically review the determinants of accessibility and use of UGSs, highlighting their complex interrelations through a socio-ecological framework. By conducting a literature review across two major databases, Scopus and Web of Science (WOS), a total of 163 articles published between 1988 and January 31, 2024, were included in this study. The analysis provides an overview of the reviewed studies, focusing on aspects such as publication year, geographical distribution, research designs, classifications of UGSs, sampling techniques, sample populations, and assessment measures. Furthermore, it identifies key determinants affecting individuals’ accessibility and use of UGSs, including personal/individual, socio-cultural, physical/environmental, institutional, transport, and psychological factors. Based on these findings, a conceptual framework is proposed to better understand the dynamics of UGS accessibility and use. This framework is designed to aid planners and designers in improving and equalizing the distribution of UGSs to meet the diverse needs of the community comprehensively and serves as a foundational guide for future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590252024000199/pdfft?md5=3fe193125de54ee6aa7019924c6a9268&pid=1-s2.0-S2590252024000199-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141480807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}