Citizen perceptions on the use, management and availability of green spaces in a Mediterranean region

Green spaces (GS) are vital for environmental sustainability and public well-being. Understanding public perceptions of GS can promote their distribution aligned with citizens’ preferences. This study explores the alignment between perceptions of GS use, management and availability, captured via a questionnaire in the Valencian Community (Spain), with the objective reality determined through Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Data were collected from 94 participants, with 72 % using GS for relaxation, 54 % for physical exercise and 51 % for walking. Most respondents (78 %) preferred natural reserves as their primary type of GS. While 38 % believed GS were equitably distributed, 41 % disagreed, indicating divided opinions on GS management. Despite 72 % of participants feeling GS availability had remained the same over the past five years, 86 % expressed a desire for more GS. Most respondents accessed GS on foot (65 %), with travel times evenly split between under 5 and 15 min. However, GIS analysis revealed discrepancies between perceived and actual GS proximity, highlighting a mismatch between perception and reality. The responses collected were influenced by contextual factors, with variables such as gender and income level leading to statistically significant differences in perspectives regarding use, visiting habits and availability of GS. These differences, along with the integration of subjective survey data with GIS analysis, underscore the need to incorporate community feedback into urban planning processes to identify specific areas where perceptions diverge from actual GS distribution. The findings suggest that understanding these perceptions can guide policymakers in prioritizing underserved areas, improving GS management and ensuring equitable access.