Geography and Sustainability最新文献_第4页

The evolution and current landscape of AI in geographical research: A large-scale systematic review 人工智能在地理研究中的演变与现状：一项大规模的系统综述

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学

Geography and Sustainability Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100392

Chenjin An , Jianghao Wang , Chenghu Zhou

{"title":"The evolution and current landscape of AI in geographical research: A large-scale systematic review","authors":"Chenjin An , Jianghao Wang , Chenghu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, its applications have become increasingly widespread across various aspects of geography, offering unprecedented analytical capabilities across disciplinary boundaries. Despite this revolutionary potential, a comprehensive understanding of the current research landscape and development trajectory of AI in geographical sciences remains limited. To fill this gap, we conducted a large-scale systematic review based on 400,000 geographical publications published from 1990 to 2023. We utilized large language model (LLM) prompt engineering, topic modeling and other natural language processing techniques to analyze the publications. Our findings reveal that AI applications constitute 8.1 % of geographical research, with publication volume having increased 20-fold over three decades. Both China and the United States have been the leading contributors to AI-driven geographical studies, together accounting for 62.78 % of all publications in this field. Notably, more than half of the studies used traditional machine learning methods. Among the various geographical topics, remote sensing applications and spatial data analysis emerged as the most extensively explored areas using AI techniques, with image feature extraction being the topic with the deepest level of adoption and most significant ongoing impact of AI methods. This systematic review provides critical insights into the integration trajectory of AI within geographical sciences, establishing a foundation for identifying emerging research opportunities and enhancing our understanding of AI’s transformative role in advancing geographical knowledge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52374,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Sustainability","volume":"7 1","pages":"Article 100392"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Land use dynamics and the fate of indigenous culture in China’s cultural ecological protection areas 中国文化生态保护区土地利用动态与本土文化命运

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学

Geography and Sustainability Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100390

Zihua Chen , Jiaxin Li , Haiyang Cui , Xiaowei Li , Zhenbo Wang

{"title":"Land use dynamics and the fate of indigenous culture in China’s cultural ecological protection areas","authors":"Zihua Chen , Jiaxin Li , Haiyang Cui , Xiaowei Li , Zhenbo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the global expansion of protected areas (PAs) and increasing involvement of indigenous communities, understanding their impacts on indigenous peoples is crucial. This study evaluates the extent to which China’s national cultural ecological protection areas (CEPAs) safeguard indigenous culture, using land-use disturbance as a key metric to assess impacts on cultural keystone species (CKS). We employ a multi-step evaluation framework that reclassifies land use, identifies environment-dependent CKS, and analyzes land-use dynamics by comparing disturbances before and after CEPAs establishment. Our results reveal that, despite overall improvements in land conditions, over 36 % of CEPAs are in land disturbance threat or warning status. All of these sites are indigenous CEPAs, indicating a disproportionate disturbance burden on indigenous communities. Notably, traditional medicinal practices are particularly vulnerable. These findings underscore the urgent need for policies aligning ecological diversity with cultural diversity to support the global commitment to expand PAs to over 30 % of Earth’s land and oceans by 2030.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52374,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Sustainability","volume":"7 1","pages":"Article 100390"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hotspots of disagreement across global urban land projections until 2100 2100年前全球城市土地预测的分歧热点

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学

Geography and Sustainability Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100403

Jasper van Vliet , Hang Yang , Nathalie Benz , Changxiu Cheng , Jonathan Doelman , Jing Gao , Qingxu Huang , Eric Koomen , Xuecao Li , Lu Niu , Elizabeth A. Schrammeijer , Yuyu Zhou

{"title":"Hotspots of disagreement across global urban land projections until 2100","authors":"Jasper van Vliet , Hang Yang , Nathalie Benz , Changxiu Cheng , Jonathan Doelman , Jing Gao , Qingxu Huang , Eric Koomen , Xuecao Li , Lu Niu , Elizabeth A. Schrammeijer , Yuyu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Projections of future urban land change are essential for a range of sustainability assessments, including those related to biodiversity loss, carbon emissions, and agricultural land conversion. However, to what extent and where current projections agree or disagree remains unknown. Here, we systematically compare existing global projections that are consistent with the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. We find that the total global urban land area is expected to increase by 112% between 2020 and 2100 (averaged across all projections), with a coefficient of variation of 0.81. This variation is mostly caused by the selection of the underlying drivers that are included in the different models. Regionally, the highest average growth rates are found in sub-Saharan Africa (+679% to +730%), while this region also has the highest variation across projections (coefficient of variation ranging from 2.02 to 2.18). When ranking scenarios within a study from the highest to the lowest projected increase in urban land, rankings are relatively similar for regions in the Global North, but not for regions in the Global South. The large disagreement across projections can lead to high uncertainties in assessments of future urban land change impacts, which can undermine the effectiveness of long-term planning, policymaking, and resource management decisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52374,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Sustainability","volume":"7 1","pages":"Article 100403"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emerging lessons on how participatory scenario planning can support sustainable land management and climate resilience 关于参与式情景规划如何支持可持续土地管理和气候适应能力的新经验

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学

Geography and Sustainability Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100405

Pattrawut Pusingha , Robert A. Marchant , Richard M. Friend , Rui Han

{"title":"Emerging lessons on how participatory scenario planning can support sustainable land management and climate resilience","authors":"Pattrawut Pusingha , Robert A. Marchant , Richard M. Friend , Rui Han","doi":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Land degradation, coupled with climate change impacts, poses serious threats to global land health and human well-being. Participatory scenario planning (PSP) has become a key tool for exploring these interconnected challenges; however, its progress and effectiveness remain underexplored. This study reviews 46 papers, using PRISMA guidelines, to investigate how PSP supports sustainable land management and climate resilience. We document how PSP applications have evolved from a biophysical focus to one addressing broader environmental, societal, and economic challenges. Disparities in how participants engage across PSP phases document the need for more equitable and meaningful participation. Clustering future scenarios reveals the complex interconnections among ecological, social, and economic factors underpinning land management and climate resilience, underscoring the need for inclusive and integrated strategies. From the emerging trends, we identify opportunities to advance PSP implementation, including early engagement of decision-makers, balanced representation and equitable power dynamics, meaningful participation, cross-disciplinary collaboration, integration of human–nature relationships, and regular revision of future pathways. Overall, our review highlights PSP’s potential to co-create inclusive, equitable scenarios and actionable pathways towards sustainable and resilient land use futures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52374,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Sustainability","volume":"7 1","pages":"Article 100405"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of extreme climate on soil organic carbon in China 极端气候对中国土壤有机碳的影响

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学

Geography and Sustainability Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100356

Zipeng Zhang , Jianli Ding , Liangyi Li , Jinhua Cao , Keqiang Wang , Chuanmei Zhu , Xiangyu Ge , Jinjie Wang , Chaolei Yang , Fujie Li , Jingzhe Wang

{"title":"The impact of extreme climate on soil organic carbon in China","authors":"Zipeng Zhang , Jianli Ding , Liangyi Li , Jinhua Cao , Keqiang Wang , Chuanmei Zhu , Xiangyu Ge , Jinjie Wang , Chaolei Yang , Fujie Li , Jingzhe Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantitative studies on the national-scale effects of extreme climatic events on soil organic carbon (SOC) remain scarce, thus limiting our understanding of SOC dynamics. This study utilized 4515 publicly available soil samples to quantify the impacts of 19 extreme climatic indices (ECIs) on ΔSOC reservoirs in China through a hybrid space-for-time and meta-analysis approach. Overall, 16/19 ECIs were negatively correlated with ΔSOC, with the minimum temperature of the coldest night (TNn) showing the strongest negative correlation. Notably, topographic factors played a pivotal role in the modeling process, contributing an average of 25 %, followed by ECIs. Under the influence of the ECIs, SOC exhibited spatial variation. Extreme heat resulted in the greatest SOC losses in cold regions, such as North China, with average reductions of > 5 %, whereas its impact was weaker in South China, with SOC losses of ∼3 %. Extreme cold and wet indices promoted SOC accumulation in the Northeast China, with increases of ∼3 %, but showed a weaker response in the humid region, where the SOC increased by only 1 %. At the national scale, the impacts of extreme climatic events on SOC in the 0–20 cm ranged from −2.36 Pg to 2.34 Pg. Different ecosystems responded variably, with forest and grassland ecosystems being more sensitive to ECIs, potentially due to higher organic matter inputs and greater ecosystem complexity. In contrast, bare land exhibited weaker responses due to limited vegetation cover and organic inputs. These findings provide valuable insights into SOC dynamics at national scale during extreme climatic events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52374,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Sustainability","volume":"6 6","pages":"Article 100356"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exacerbated global surface water stress under climate change 气候变化下全球地表水压力加剧

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学

Geography and Sustainability Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100361

Ming Peng , Haipeng Yu , Jianping Huang , Yu Ren , Li Fu

{"title":"Exacerbated global surface water stress under climate change","authors":"Ming Peng , Haipeng Yu , Jianping Huang , Yu Ren , Li Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water stress is expected to intensify due to escalating atmospheric and surface dryness under global warming. Despite extensive research indicate that intensified dryness exacerbates water constraints on ecosystems, the dynamics and underlying mechanisms of surface water stress (SWS) under climate change remain poorly understood. In this study, we use annual evaporative stress as the surface water stress index (WSI) and provide a comprehensive analysis of historical and projected global terrestrial SWS, covering its characteristic changes, driving factors, and impacts on vegetation. Our results show a significant declining trend in WSI during 1982–2014 (-0.0033/decade, <em>p</em> < 0.01), indicating the enhancement of SWS concurrent with a rapid expansion of water stress intensified areas at a rate of 1.85 %/decade (<em>p</em> < 0.01). Using the Budyko-Penman budget framework, we found that the intensification of SWS was primarily driven by an increase in vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and a decrease in precipitation. Furthermore, the intensification of SWS contributed to a decline in vegetation growth, with the extent of areas experiencing increased vegetation water deficit expanding rapidly at a rate of 1.38 % per decade (<em>p</em> < 0.01). In the future, SWS is projected to escalate, with the proportion of areas experiencing intensified SWS increasing from 6.3 % to 24.3 % by the end of the century under the SSP5–8.5. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of the drivers of SWS under climate change and its impacts on ecosystems, offering valuable scientific insights for the effective management of water resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52374,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Sustainability","volume":"6 6","pages":"Article 100361"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dryland Social-Ecological Systems in Changing Environments: By Bojie Fu and Mark Stafford Smith, 2024, Springer, Singapore. 424 pages, Open Access. ISBN 978-981-99-9374-1 变化环境中的旱地社会生态系统：傅伯杰和马克·斯塔福德·史密斯著，2024年，施普林格，新加坡，424页，开放获取。ISBN 978-981-99-9374-1

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学

Geography and Sustainability Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100378

David J Eldridge

引用次数: 0

Profiles and risk assessment of antibiotic resistome between Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and polar regions 青藏高原与极地地区抗生素耐药组特征及风险评估

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学

Geography and Sustainability Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100342

Zhenzhe Wu , Guannan Mao , Yuan Gou , Mukan Ji , Qingqing Ma , Yongqin Liu

{"title":"Profiles and risk assessment of antibiotic resistome between Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and polar regions","authors":"Zhenzhe Wu , Guannan Mao , Yuan Gou , Mukan Ji , Qingqing Ma , Yongqin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are increasingly recognized as a global public health threat, with glaciers acting as reservoirs for ARGs transported via atmospheric pathways. Warming climate accelerates glacier melting, releasing ARGs into downstream environments, posing ecological health and sustainable aquatic ecosystem development challenges. However, the distribution profiles of ARGs and their risks in glaciers from the polar region remain unclear. This study used 294 metagenomic sequences to investigate the distribution and risks of ARGs in glaciers across the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, Antarctica, and the Arctic regions and compared them with adjacent and anthropogenically impacted environments. Among the three glacier regions studied, the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau exhibited the highest abundance of ARGs, whereas Antarctica displayed the lowest. ARG abundance in adjacent environments was comparable to that in the glaciers of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, but in the anthropogenically impacted environment, it was significantly higher than in glaciers. A shared resistome was identified in glaciers, dominated by bacitracin, multidrug, and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS) resistance genes. The <em>bacA</em> gene, which is related to bacitracin resistance, was the most common subtype, indicating that it is naturally present in microbial communities of glaciers. Risk assessments showed that 74.1 %–78.9 % of ARGs were low-risk in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and polar glaciers, indicating minimal human influence. However, 7.3 %–8.0 % were classified as high-risk, posing potential threats through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and the spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens. These findings highlight the need to monitor ARGs in glacier environments, as climate change accelerates glacier melting and subsequent release of ARGs into downstream ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52374,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Sustainability","volume":"6 6","pages":"Article 100342"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Navigating the safe and just operating space for urban systems: A cross-scale landscape approach 为城市系统导航安全和公正的操作空间：一种跨尺度的景观方法

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学

Geography and Sustainability Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100352

Hongyan Bian , Jianguo Wu , Runxi Jia , Linyong Wang , Zihan Zhu , Mengyu Wei , Jie Gao

{"title":"Navigating the safe and just operating space for urban systems: A cross-scale landscape approach","authors":"Hongyan Bian , Jianguo Wu , Runxi Jia , Linyong Wang , Zihan Zhu , Mengyu Wei , Jie Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Safe and just operating spaces (SJOS) are influenced by complex cross-scale interactions and cascading effects spanning global, regional, and local landscape scales. However, existing SJOS research has often focused on single-scale assessments, overlooking the impacts of multiscale interactions and within-region heterogeneity on urban SJOS. To address this gap, we developed a cross-scale framework for assessing urban SJOS, explicitly incorporating top-down influences from upper-level constraints and bottom-up effects from lower-level heterogeneity. This approach was applied to China’s five major metropolises to examine the states and cross-scale dynamics influencing urban SJOS between 1990 and 2020. Our findings reveal that the SJOS of China’s metropolises were primarily influenced by factors at national and local landscape scales, with weaker influences from the global and continental scales. A persistent trade-off between social justice and environmental safety was identified across spatiotemporal scales. For instance, Chongqing in southwestern China lagged behind the eastern four metropolises in social performance but exhibited stronger environmental safety due to its extensive natural landscapes, which mitigated the anthropogenic impacts of urban centers. Regional issues, such as the overshoot of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and ecological footprints (EF), were primarily driven by the bottom-up accumulation of localized pressures, while the overshoot of CO₂ was attributed to national policy constraints and the universal exceedance of safe thresholds across scales. Addressing urban sustainability requires avoiding adverse cascading effects from other levels by emphasizing landscape heterogeneity within metropolises and fostering coordinated collaboration across scales, particularly at the regional landscape and national levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52374,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Sustainability","volume":"6 6","pages":"Article 100352"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144922133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancing intelligent geography: Current status, innovations, and future prospects 推进智能地理：现状、创新与未来展望

IF 8 1区环境科学与生态学

Geography and Sustainability Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100375

Fenzhen Su , Fengqin Yan , Wenzhou Wu , Dongjie Fu , Yinxia Cao , Vincent Lyne , Michael Meadows , Ling Yao , Jianghao Wang , Yuanyuan Huang , Chong Huang , Jun Qin , Shifeng Fang , An Zhang

{"title":"Advancing intelligent geography: Current status, innovations, and future prospects","authors":"Fenzhen Su , Fengqin Yan , Wenzhou Wu , Dongjie Fu , Yinxia Cao , Vincent Lyne , Michael Meadows , Ling Yao , Jianghao Wang , Yuanyuan Huang , Chong Huang , Jun Qin , Shifeng Fang , An Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geography is shifting from static description to a feedback-driven, adaptive discipline integrating sensing, prediction, comparison, and continuous self-improvement. This transformation underlies Intelligent Geography (IG), where artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, and high-performance computing (HPC) converge to enhance spatial understanding and guide intelligent decisions in complex systems. The discipline’s historical stages—descriptive, experimental, theoretical, quantitative, GIScience, and information geography—form the foundation for an overarching adaptive framework. In this framework, diverse geospatial data streams seamlessly feed real-time models whose predicted outputs are compared with observed conditions to iteratively refine predictions. A hallmark of IG is embedding domain theory into AI workflows, producing predictive models that self-adjust to new data or control system behavior. Applications such as smart traffic management, climate-responsive urban planning, and disaster-resilient digital twins illustrate the sensing–prediction–adaptation/learning cycle in practice for complex changing systems. We examine the enabling roles of HPC, deep learning, and geographic large models in implementing feedback loops, and address persistent challenges in data integration, interpretability, and governance. We conclude with a vision of IG as an evolving socio-technical ecosystem that through adaptation and self-learning turns spatial data into adaptive, actionable knowledge that assists in intelligent decision-making, whether it is for AI systems or human ones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52374,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Sustainability","volume":"6 6","pages":"Article 100375"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0