{"title":"Challenges and prospects of forest biological resource transformation under the dual-carbon policy framework","authors":"Yingying Xu, Qilong Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobab.2026.100231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobab.2026.100231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Against the background of dual carbon goals, the transformation of forest biological resources has become a global research hotspot in sustainable forestry because of its dual value of efficient resource utilization and carbon cycle regulation. In this review, the correlation mechanism, industrial status quo, core challenges and optimization paths between the transformation of forest biological resources and dual carbon goals are systematically analyzed. The transformation of forest biological resources involves carbon sequestration through photosynthesis and the processing and conversion of carbon from woody and nonwoody forest resources. Relying on direct emission reduction (process optimization and energy upgrading) and indirect emission reduction/carbon substitution (building materials, energy and fuel substitution) mechanisms to support the dual carbon goals, globally, three major transformation directions have been formed—wood processing, nonwood processing, and biomass energy—as well as three core industrial areas in North America, Europe, and Asia. The current industry is confronted with challenges such as technological bottlenecks (e.g., the conversion efficiency of lignocellulose is only 40%–55%), economic market constraints (the price of biobased products is approximately 1.3–3.0 times that of petrochemical-based products), and fragmented policies and standards. Most existing reviews focus on a single technical path or policy framework and lack a systematic perspective of “full value chain collaboration + multiobjective balance”. Moreover, a theoretical framework for the transformation of forest biological resources that integrates “technology research and development-industrial implementation-policy guarantee-ecological balance” is constructed. In addition, the quantitative goals and implementation paths for the three major transformation directions of “high-value product coproduction, low-carbon transformation, and circular utilization” are clearly defined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100231"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhihan Li , Zhen Zhang , Haibo Huang , Yuxiang Liu , Ying Wu , Ziyi Pan , Yan Qing , Lin Tian , Zengyao Li , Xinpeng Zhao , Yiqiang Wu
{"title":"Sustainable transparent bamboo/W-VO2 composites for solar modulation and energy-efficient buildings","authors":"Zhihan Li , Zhen Zhang , Haibo Huang , Yuxiang Liu , Ying Wu , Ziyi Pan , Yan Qing , Lin Tian , Zengyao Li , Xinpeng Zhao , Yiqiang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy-efficient buildings require sustainable materials that combine structural performance with advanced optical and thermal functionalities to minimize energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Here, we reported a new strategy to develop biodegradable transparent bamboo with a dense and ordered structure, achieved through selective delignification followed by directional pressing to align cellulose nanofibrils. This process yielded large-scale transparent bamboo with remarkable mechanical strength, 78% optical transparency in the visible spectrum, and a high haze (>90%) that ensured uniform daylight distribution and reduced reliance on artificial lighting. To further impart dynamic solar modulation, a thin polylactic acid film containing tungsten-doped vanadium dioxide (W-VO<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles was integrated onto the transparent bamboo substrate. The resulting thermochromic bamboo exhibited a solar modulation ability of 9.7% along with effective thermal regulation that lowered indoor heating loads in hot regions. By synergizing biodegradability, mechanical robustness, and active photothermal control, this transparent bamboo/W-VO<sub>2</sub> composite offered a sustainable and high-performance alternative to conventional glass, holding great promise for energy-efficient building applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100225"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-flux rattan biochar microreactor for efficient peroxymonosulfate activation via component-regulated structure engineering","authors":"Yujing Tan, Yuyuan Li, Kaiwen Chen, Tianyi Zhan, Hui Peng, Fengze Sun, Liping Cai, Lei Shi, Jianxiong Lyu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agroforestry waste-derived biochar has attracted wide interest in environmental remediation owing to its resource abundance and structural advantages. However, pristine biochar powders usually exhibit low catalytic activity and encounter challenges in separation and recovery, which limit their large-scale application. Here, we developed a rattan-derived biochar microreactor with a robust monolithic structure and abundant active sites using a facile component-regulation strategy. By tuning the inherent cellulose and lignin composition, we tailored hierarchically porous channels with high surface area, abundant defect-related catalytic sites, and desirable electrical conductivity. Taking peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation as a model process, the continuous-flow biochar microreactor achieved efficient degradation of tetracycline (TC), methylene blue (MB), and rhodamine B (RhB), with an ultrahigh flux of 2.3 × 10<sup>4</sup> L/(m<sup>2</sup>·h) driven by gravity. Coupling with deep mechanism investigation and density functional theory (DFT) simulation, the favorable carbon configurations (e.g., graphitic structures and boundary-like defects) triggered a desirable non-radical dominated pathway in PMS activation, contributing to the impressive catalytic performance. This work not only expands horizons for high value-added utilization of biomass waste but also provides a practical paradigm for designing high-performance biochar microreactors for environmental remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100223"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Afei Liu, Siyu Zheng, Wenhui Wu, Jiaqing Liu, Hui Zhang, Lihui Chen, Xiaxing Zhou, Kai Liu
{"title":"Surface amination modification of cellulose hydrogels for enhancing triboelectric performance of extreme environment-resistant triboelectric sensors","authors":"Afei Liu, Siyu Zheng, Wenhui Wu, Jiaqing Liu, Hui Zhang, Lihui Chen, Xiaxing Zhou, Kai Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multifunctional wearable flexible electronic devices based on hydrogels have received extensive research in recent years. Despite their promising applications, a significant challenge persists in terms of efficiently powering these devices. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) assembled by surface-modified hydrogels may be one of the promising strategies to address this challenge. This study presents the development of a multifunctional composite hydrogel, which is synthesized through the amino surface modification of glycerin-cellulose hydrogel (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane-glycerin-cellulose, A-GC). The resulting composite hydrogel is utilized in the fabrication of electrodes of TENGs, which can effectively harvest mechanical energy to power flexible sensors. By using cellulose and glycerin as primary raw materials and 3-aminotriethoxysilane as surface modification components, the composite hydrogel exhibits excellent mechanical properties, coupled with good electrical conductivity (2.83 S/m). More importantly, it exhibits a high triboelectric output performance of 205.3 V, maintains stable long-term triboelectric output, and achieves a maximum triboelectric power density of 732.1 mW/m<sup>2</sup>. Furthermore, the introduction of glycerin into the cellulose hydrogel enhances its mechanical properties and triboelectric output performance even under extreme environmental conditions (–24 and 60 °C). The A-GC-TENG demonstrates significant potential in various applications, including mechanical energy harvesting and conversion, writing recognition, wireless signal transmission, and human-computer interaction, showing great application prospects in flexible wearable sensors and self-powered electronic devices. The development of the composite cellulose hydrogel offers a novel approach for the fabrication of high-performance flexible wearable electronic devices, which is capable of functioning effectively in harsh environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100214"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qian Liu , Linan Shao , Baiyu Wang , Yang Yang , Lingling Wang , Wei Gao
{"title":"Sacrificial strategy to fabricate durable superhydrophobic wood via hierarchical roughness and elastic crosslinking","authors":"Qian Liu , Linan Shao , Baiyu Wang , Yang Yang , Lingling Wang , Wei Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With growing demand for renewable resources, superhydrophobic wood is widely regarded as leading candidate for outdoor construction applications. However, superhydrophobic wood still suffers from insufficient mechanical strength and durability under long-term abrasion and ultraviolet (UV) exposure. Herein, a sacrificial synergy strategy combining elastic cross-linked network and hierarchical roughness was proposed to enhance both toughness and durability, and its toughening mechanism is clarified. Specifically, a flexible room temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicone rubber matrix was cross-linked with vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) to construct an elastomeric interphase, while ZnO nanorods arrays were in situ grown to generate micro/nano-scale roughness and simultaneously act as a sacrificial barrier against external abrasion. The modified wood exhibited water contact angle over 154°. Furthermore, the expected excellent robustness toward water impact (continuous 66 h), sand impingement (100 g, 35 cm, 25 cycles), mechanical abrasion (1000 peeling cycles; sandpaper abrasion 400 cm), along with desirable chemical and environmental durability (48 h immersion in acidic and alkaline solution) of the modified wood was achieved as well. Moreover, the modified wood demonstrated multifunctional performance including self-cleaning, anti-fouling, humidity resistance (28 °C, 85% relative humidity (RH), 15 days and 35 °C, 90% RH, 6 days), and UV resistance (340 nm, 40 W, 33 days). This integrated approach not only proposed to construct mechanically resilient and environmentally durable superhydrophobic surfaces but also offered an effective design strategy for wood outdoor applications as construction material in long-term.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100228"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structural insights of sulfoethylated kraft lignin at different drying temperatures","authors":"Ameena Bacchus, Weijue Gao, Pedram Fatehi","doi":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sulfonated lignin has potential applications in various fields, including wastewater treatment, the textile industry, and construction. Although the reaction chemistry of sulfonated lignin has been well studied, the method of drying this material after synthesis has not been evaluated. In this study, sulfoethylated kraft lignin (SEKL) was synthesized as a representative sulfonated lignin to investigate the impact of drying temperature on its structure and properties. For SEKL, freeze-drying at –55 °C resulted in the highest charge density, water-solubility, and more uniform chemical structures. The sulfonic acid groups underwent alkylation reaction after the sample was oven-dried at 55 and 80 °C, which was accompanied by a reduction in solubility and charge density of the sample, as well as an increase in glass transition temperature. Furthermore, the sample after drying at higher temperatures of 105 and 130 °C not only exhibited the alkylation but also underwent hydrolysis of the sulfonic acid groups at the phenolic position of lignin. This change was accompanied by a further reduction in molecular weight, solubility, and charge density, as well as a decrease in the glass transition temperature. It was found that the alkylation and hydrolysis of SEKL occurred to varying degrees, and higher temperatures promoted hydrolysis. Based on the results of this work, drying temperature has a significant effect on the properties of the SEKL sample, implying that it must be taken into account when considering its application in different fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts","volume":"10 4","pages":"Pages 497-512"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M-Haidar Ali Dali , Mohamed Hamid Salim , Malak AbuZaid , Maryam Omar Subhi Qassem , Faisal Al Marzooqi , Andrea Ceriani , Alessandro Decarlis , Ludovic Francis Dumée , Blaise Leopold Tardy
{"title":"Evaluating nanocellulose from food waste as a functional amendment for sandy soils: Linking fiber structure to water dynamics, soil mechanics, and plant-microbes interactions","authors":"M-Haidar Ali Dali , Mohamed Hamid Salim , Malak AbuZaid , Maryam Omar Subhi Qassem , Faisal Al Marzooqi , Andrea Ceriani , Alessandro Decarlis , Ludovic Francis Dumée , Blaise Leopold Tardy","doi":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micro and nanofibers have the ability to imbue control over water transport properties and mechanical cohesion to granular materials. These key characteristics are proportional to the fiber size, if finely tuned, and can enable soils to more effectively host life. Typically, requirements include a high organic matter content, a rich microbiome, and especially physico-chemical properties conducive to water dynamics. Herein, we developed mechanochemical processes to fibrillate food-waste-based biomass (namely, peels) into a range of fiber solutions. Macrofibers and nanofibers were obtained via mild processing steps and were fully characterized, the relation between the morphology as well as physico-chemical properties of the fibers was thoroughly studied. Three sand types associated with deserts were evaluated for their potential benefits from the fiber amendments. The compressive response of the amended soils and, more importantly, their water holding, water permeability, and evaporation rate were thoroughly evaluated. The resistance of reinforced soil matrices to biodegradation and dry-wet cycling was also used to evaluate long-term performance. Finally, this study provides an outlook on nutrient retention for agricultural endeavors as a function of fiber amendment type and content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts","volume":"10 4","pages":"Pages 513-529"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iris Correia , Maria Eduarda Fernandes , Dorinda Marques-da-Silva
{"title":"Unveiling the potential of olive oil production residues as adsorbent materials for water treatment: A literature review","authors":"Iris Correia , Maria Eduarda Fernandes , Dorinda Marques-da-Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Olive oil is a nutritionally and economically valuable product whose global production has steadily increased, alongside the generation of large volumes of solid and liquid waste. Olive oil mill wastewater and solid residues such as olive pomace and olive stones have become major environmental concerns due to their high pollutant load. At the same time, these byproducts offer an opportunity: their valorization as low-cost, sustainable adsorbents for water treatment. Addressing this dual environmental challenge, this review provides a comprehensive and systematized synthesis of the current state of research on the use of olive oil production residues for water decontamination via adsorption. Specifically, the study maps the types of byproducts used, their target pollutants, removal efficiencies, and adsorption capacities. Unlike previous reviews, this work emphasizes studies that apply raw or minimally processed residues, as well as experiments conducted with real wastewater or under environmentally relevant conditions. The data are presented in a structured and comparative format, highlighting promising results and underexplored combinations. By identifying trends, gaps, and practical applications, this review contributes to advancing the development of circular economy-based, eco-friendly solutions for water pollution control and provides a valuable resource for future research and implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts","volume":"10 4","pages":"Pages 460-475"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modulating pore channels of activated carbon from biomass to assemble zinc ion hybrid supercapacitor with high specific capacitance","authors":"Qiang Qu , Di Xing , Yongliang Chen , Mingqiang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A notable challenge in zinc ion hybrid supercapacitor (ZiHSC) is the size discrepancy between the carbon cathode pores and the [Zn·(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> (diameter of ∼0.86 nm), which weakens ionic migration kinetics and reduces energy density. To address this, wood-derived porous carbon with a hierarchical pore structure was synthesized via combined chemical and physical activation. The thermal reduction reaction between H<sub>2</sub>O steam and the marginal carbon atoms in the pre-existing pores was revealed, successfully enlarging pore diameters from 0.54 nm to 0.71 nm and 1.13 nm. The optimized electrode exhibited a specific capacitance of 412.76 F/g at the scan rate of 5 mV/s in a three-electrode system, and a specific capacity of 269.54 mAh/g at 0.2 A/g current density, and a high energy density of 210.76 Wh/kg at the power density of 1 296 W/kg (based on active material). Furthermore, it exhibited accelerated ion diffusion kinetics within the ZiHSC device and excellent cycling stability (93.55% capacity retention after 20, 000 cycles). In situ X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectra revealed that the enhanced charge storage mechanism was coupled with dynamic phase transitions of Zn<sub>4</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>(OH)<sub>6</sub>·5H<sub>2</sub>O crystallites on electrode surface and the adsorption of Zn<sup>2+</sup>/[Zn·(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> into hierarchical pore channel during discharge. This study presents a novel approach for improving the structural and supercapacitive properties of activated carbon materials, demonstrating excellent potential for practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts","volume":"10 4","pages":"Pages 616-630"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qi Zhang , Xiaohong Tang , Qian Zhao , Xianchun Chen , Ke Wang , Qin Zhang , Qiang Fu
{"title":"Multifunctional biomass materials based on electroless plating","authors":"Qi Zhang , Xiaohong Tang , Qian Zhao , Xianchun Chen , Ke Wang , Qin Zhang , Qiang Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobab.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The multifunctional utilization of biomass materials represents an effective strategy to address global resource shortages, mitigate environmental challenges, and support sustainable human development. However, the inherent insulating properties of most natural biomass materials significantly limit their applicability in advanced electronic technologies, including electromagnetic shielding, electrode capacitors, and triboelectric generators. Electroless plating (ELP), a versatile technique for metallization and functionalization, has attracted considerable attention over the past decade for its potential to endow biomass materials with tailored properties. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of ELP technology in the development of multidimensional functionalized biomass materials, emphasizing surface chemistry and functional applications. It outlines the underlying principles and recent technological advancements of ELP, as well as the properties and applications of metallized biomass materials. By achieving an optimal balance between functionality and ease of fabrication, the ELP demonstrates significant potential to expand the applications of biomass materials across various domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts","volume":"10 4","pages":"Pages 476-496"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145555073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}