Progress in Disaster Science最新文献

{"title":"Risk perception, policy efficacy, and policy support in earthquake risk management: Empirical insights from South Korea","authors":"Wen Ya Li ,&nbsp;Tulsi Paudel","doi":"10.1016/j.pdisas.2024.100349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdisas.2024.100349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the perception of South Korean citizens regarding earthquake risk, their understanding of earthquake management policies, and their evaluation of such policies. The structural relationship between earthquake risk perception, policy efficacy (which is the general audience's understanding of the policy and willingness to participate), and policy support was investigated while exploring the moderating effect of past earthquake experiences. The survey was conducted among 330 South Korean individuals. The responses were analysed using statistical tools such as confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modelling, and multi-group analysis.</p><p>The study revealed that an individual's earthquake risk perception significantly impacts policy efficacy but is unlikely to directly influence policy support. The findings also suggest that individuals who have experienced seismic shockwaves are more likely to perceive earthquake risk and understand earthquake risk mitigation policies. However, an individual's earthquake experience does not significantly impact the relationship between risk perception and policy support.</p><p>This study's findings have implications for understanding the relationship between earthquake risk perception, policy efficacy, and support, as well as for developing effective earthquake risk management strategies in South Korea.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52341,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Disaster Science","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590061724000395/pdfft?md5=b34ca426faa7ce8aa99c414265f03bd6&pid=1-s2.0-S2590061724000395-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141689579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the impact of changing rainfall patterns on landslide frequency and intensity in the Nilgiris District of Western Ghats, India","authors":"Sabari Nathan Chellamuthu,&nbsp;Ganapathy Pattukandan Ganapathy","doi":"10.1016/j.pdisas.2024.100351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdisas.2024.100351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Changing rainfall patterns on vulnerable hill slopes are a significant factor in increasing landslide frequency and resulting damages. In the Nilgiris district of the Western Ghats, India, recent shifts in rainfall patterns, including increased overall precipitation and more erratic downpours, have raised concerns about landslide occurrences. This study examines the correlation between the altering rainfall patterns and the occurrence of landslides in a quantitative manner. A thorough analysis of rainfall data from 1992 to 2022 using R (hydroTSM) is conducted to evaluate its impact on landslides. Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), a comprehensive Landslide Susceptibility Map (LSM) is generated by incorporating twelve significant landslide causative factors. The results indicate that 1% of the study area is in the very high susceptibility zone and 18% in the high susceptibility zone. These findings are crucial for developing targeted mitigation strategies, effective land use planning, and ensuring the safety of the region's inhabitants and infrastructure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52341,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Disaster Science","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100351"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590061724000413/pdfft?md5=62531af510b3741f5d1f840f45041b3c&pid=1-s2.0-S2590061724000413-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141639212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging Drones for Effective Disaster Management: A Comprehensive Analysis of the 2024 Noto Peninsula Earthquake Case in Japan","authors":"Mikio Ishiwatari","doi":"10.1016/j.pdisas.2024.100348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2024.100348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Drones, unmanned aerial systems, are of growing interest to organizations involved in disaster risk reduction, particularly in post-disaster emergency response. Despite the potential benefits of drones, their use is not well established and practical challenges need to be understood. This study examines the role of drones in disaster management by analyzing various applications of drones in response to the Noto Peninsula earthquake in January 2024. Drones were used on the ground in a variety of new ways, including transport of emergency supplies, restore of cellphone communications, and inspect on damaged facilities. Several issues were identified, including the need to incorporate drone capabilities into disaster management plans, develop appropriate laws and regulations, establish public-private coordination mechanisms, address technological limitations due to advances in technology, and implement training programs specifically for drone operators. Collaboration among government agencies, private organizations, and industry associations in disaster response highlighted the importance of fostering partnerships and mobilizing collective expertise in disaster management. The study concludes by highlighting the important role that drones can play in enhancing emergency response efforts and mitigating the impact of future disasters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52341,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Disaster Science","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590061724000383/pdfft?md5=27dbb810006a2486e625eb65f357c045&pid=1-s2.0-S2590061724000383-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141595179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging technologies and supporting tools for earthquake disaster management: A perspective, challenges, and future directions","authors":"Mohamed S. Abdalzaher ,&nbsp;Moez Krichen ,&nbsp;Francisco Falcone","doi":"10.1016/j.pdisas.2024.100347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2024.100347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Seismology is among the ancient sciences that concentrate on earthquake disaster management (EQDM), which directly impact human life and infrastructure resilience. Such a pivot has made use of contemporary technologies. Nevertheless, there is a need for more reliable and insightful solutions to tackle the daily challenges and intricacies of the natural sciences that stakeholders must confront. To consolidate the substantial endeavors in this field, we undertake a comprehensive survey of the interconnected contemporary technologies. More particularly, we analyze the data communication networks (DCNs) and the Internet of Things (IoT), which are among the main infrastructures of seismic networks. In accordance, we present conventional and innovative signal-processing techniques in seismology. Then, we shed light on the evolution of EQ sensors including the acoustic sensors based on optical fibers. Furthermore, we address the role of remote sensing (RS), robots, and drones for EQDM. Afterward, we highlight the social media contribution. Subsequently, a comprehensive elucidation of the diverse optimization techniques employed in seismology and for prolonging seismic networks is presented. Besides, the paper analyzes the important functions that artificial intelligence (AI) can fulfill in several areas of seismology. Lastly, we guide stakeholders on how to prevent natural disasters and preserve human lives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52341,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Disaster Science","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100347"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590061724000371/pdfft?md5=d555882f0ec7781950d94c3db989dda2&pid=1-s2.0-S2590061724000371-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141605516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vulnerabilities and exposure of recent informal urban areas in Lima, Peru","authors":"Luis Moya ,&nbsp;Marta Vilela ,&nbsp;Javier Jaimes ,&nbsp;Briggite Espinoza ,&nbsp;Jose Pajuelo ,&nbsp;Nicola Tarque ,&nbsp;Sandra Santa-Cruz ,&nbsp;Pablo Vega-Centeno ,&nbsp;Fumio Yamazaki","doi":"10.1016/j.pdisas.2024.100345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2024.100345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Urban areas are experiencing rapid growth, accompanied by significant disorder in Lima Metropolitan area and many other cities in South America. Due to decades of uncontrolled construction practices, it is imperative to identify and better understand the types of informalities prevalent in these recent urban areas. Addressing this lack of information is crucial for implementing appropriate countermeasures and developing new policies that benefit the communities residing in such areas. It is worth noting that understanding disaster risk aligns with the first priority of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. In this study, we propose the use of radar satellite imagery recorded by the Sentinel-1 constellation since 2017 to identify clusters of urban growth in Lima Metropolitan area. Then, the informal urban clusters can be depicted by visual inspection of the last recorded high-resolution optical image. With good spatial and temporal resolution, we identified 25 clusters informal areas. Among our findings, we observed that several of these clusters are situated in landfills comprised of construction and other waste, increasing their vulnerability to debris flow, landslides, and earthquakes. Additionally, we noted that some new urban areas mainly consist of temporarily empty houses, highlighting the feasibility of implementing countermeasures, such as relocations, in the early stages of informal occupation. These results underscore the significant contribution of satellite radar imagery in identifying recent informal urban areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52341,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Disaster Science","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590061724000358/pdfft?md5=161cab27d401bebd2c67517715f212af&pid=1-s2.0-S2590061724000358-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141540074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive risk evaluation in Rapti Valley, Nepal: A multi-hazard approach","authors":"Sneha Bhatta ,&nbsp;Basanta Raj Adhikari","doi":"10.1016/j.pdisas.2024.100346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2024.100346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While research on natural hazards in Nepal has primarily focused on the consequences of individual hazards within an area, it is also essential to analyze the probable occurrence of several types of natural hazards and their interaction, i.e., Multi-hazard assessment. In light of this, the study conducted a Multi-Hazard Risk Assessment of the proposed capital city of Lumbini province, which covers 14 wards from three municipalities. The four prevalent hazards in the area, i.e., flood, landslide, debris flow, and forest fire, have been considered in the study, which includes generating individual susceptibility maps using different geospatial and modeling techniques. The vulnerability and risk assessment was done on a ward level and considered physical, social, economic, and environmental vulnerability indicators. The results on the multi-hazard susceptibility map show that 29.36% of the area was at low susceptibility, while the medium and high zones comprised 46.16% and 24.46% of the total area, respectively. Wards 2, 3, and 7 of Rapti are highly vulnerable, while Ward 8 of Sitganga and Ward 9 of Rapti are the least vulnerable. Moreover, wards 1, 2, and 3 are at high risk to the vulnerability parameters, while ward 8 of Sitganga is at the least risk. The high-risk areas are on the foothills of the Siwalik range, which are prone to landslide, debris flow, and forest fire hazards, as well as are on the bank of West Rapti River, which marks them as potential flood hazard zones. The capital city of Lumbini province is fast developing. Therefore, the results derived from this study assist in identifying potential risk zones to consider while creating a master plan for the area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52341,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Disaster Science","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259006172400036X/pdfft?md5=462a484b0f4b0be53d059bdce55a6385&pid=1-s2.0-S259006172400036X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141605515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From prevention to response: A holistic exploration of factors shaping Global Health Security","authors":"Abroon Qazi ,&nbsp;Mecit Can Emre Simsekler ,&nbsp;M.K.S. Al-Mhdawi","doi":"10.1016/j.pdisas.2024.100344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2024.100344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the face of global challenges, ensuring robust health security is paramount for safeguarding populations against emerging threats. Using country-level data on the Global Health Security (GHS) index covering 195 countries, this study employs Bayesian Belief Networks (BBNs) to explore probabilistic dependencies among various indicators that can influence health security outcomes. The findings reveal distinct probabilities of low performance for certain components within main indicators such as ‘prevention’, ‘early detection and reporting’, and ‘sufficient and robust health sector’, significantly shaping overall health security outcomes. Particularly noteworthy is the identification of ‘early detection and reporting’ as the most critical indicator, showing an 87% probability improvement, followed closely by ‘prevention’ at 81%. The latter part of the study delves into the sub-indicators associated with ‘early detection and reporting’. This analysis uncovers varying probabilities of extreme performance states, with ‘laboratory supply chains’ emerging as the most crucial sub-indicator, presenting an 84% probability improvement. Conversely, the ‘epidemiology workforce’ is deemed less influential in impacting overall health security outcomes. Assessing the mutual value of information sheds light on the informative nature of ‘prevention’ and ‘sufficient and robust health sector’ within the main indicators, while in sub-indicators, ‘surveillance data accessibility and transparency’ take precedence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52341,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Disaster Science","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590061724000346/pdfft?md5=52aca5152a4a3570dcd6384db34b67db&pid=1-s2.0-S2590061724000346-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141438887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Earthquake and tsunami preparedness between residents and tourists in coastal communities","authors":"Pamela C. Cisternas ,&nbsp;Luis A. Cifuentes ,&nbsp;Nicolás C. Bronfman ,&nbsp;Paula B. Repetto ,&nbsp;Javiera V. Castañeda","doi":"10.1016/j.pdisas.2024.100343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2024.100343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Earthquakes and tsunamis are natural phenomena that trigger severe consequences for communities. Compared to residents, tourists are more vulnerable to natural hazards, mainly due to a lack of knowledge of the territory hazards, alert signs, and the local language. To encourage disaster preparedness behavior, this study explored <em>the differences in risk perception, trust in authorities, and preparedness for earthquakes and tsunamis between residents and tourists in a coastal city highly exposed to seismic activity.</em></p><p>A survey was implemented in a sample of residents (<em>n</em> = 548) and tourists (national <em>n</em> = 194; international <em>n</em> = 38) in a coastal city in Chile. The questionnaire evaluated perceived risk and perceived consequences, trust in authorities, and the participants' preparedness level against earthquakes and tsunamis.</p><p>The findings reveal that international tourists perceived lower risk and consequences and higher trust in authorities than national tourists and residents. On the contrary, residents demonstrated higher levels of preparedness, reflecting their familiarity with the hazards and evacuation signage. The results highlight the importance of personalized strategies to increase tourist preparedness (both national and international). Implications and strategies are addressed in the study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52341,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Disaster Science","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100343"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590061724000334/pdfft?md5=6b98453aac3d173a1b2a7162f7204e13&pid=1-s2.0-S2590061724000334-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141424450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing disaster response self-efficacy among registered nurses in Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Khalid Hasan ,&nbsp;Muksitul Hoque Srijan ,&nbsp;Mahib Mahatasim ,&nbsp;Ashna Anjum ,&nbsp;Asif Imtiaz Abir ,&nbsp;Maroa Binte Masud ,&nbsp;Suraiya Tahsin ,&nbsp;Saif Akram ,&nbsp;M. Shefat Ruhane Shuvo ,&nbsp;Juyena Akter ,&nbsp;Md. Sabbir Hossain ,&nbsp;Raihan Uddin ,&nbsp;Md. Shakidul Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.pdisas.2024.100341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2024.100341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Nurses are the most prominent healthcare professional group that receives disaster victims and provides regular healthcare support to them at the forefront of disasters and emergencies. As a result, assessing their disaster response self-efficacy (DRSE) level is critical.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This quantitative study assessed the level of registered nurses' disaster response self-efficacy in Bangladesh and determined the factors influencing DRSE.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this cross-sectional study, five hundred sixty registered nurses' data were collected from 12 public and private hospitals in four districts of Bangladesh between August and September of 2023. The data was gathered using a self-administered questionnaire that included the modified Disaster Response Self-Efficacy Scale. To analyze the data, we utilized IBM SPSS 26 and Jamovi 2.3.21.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The study found a high level of disaster response self-efficacy (<em>M</em> = 3.96, <em>SD</em> = 0.58) among the registered nurses, while their disaster knowledge, skill, and preparedness levels were moderate. Low to moderate correlations were found between self-efficacy in disaster response and disaster-related knowledge (<em>r</em> = 0.349, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), disaster skills (<em>r</em> = 0.526, <em>p</em> ˂0.001), and preparedness for disaster (<em>r</em> = 0.589, <em>p</em> ˂0.001) of the registered nurses. Older age, higher nursing designation, working experience in the emergency unit, and higher levels of disaster knowledge significantly influenced registered nurses' self-efficacy while responding to disasters.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Registered nurses in Bangladesh have reported high self-efficacy while responding to disasters. However, to enhance their effectiveness, they need to improve their disaster knowledge, skills, and preparedness. To better respond during disasters, it is advisable that nurses receive training in disaster triage, post-disaster mental and psychological health, as well as primary and advanced life support.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52341,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Disaster Science","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100341"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590061724000310/pdfft?md5=b769b222db650df5a8c33a364f74fc9f&pid=1-s2.0-S2590061724000310-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141323720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of JICA funded cyclone shelter in the coastal areas of Bangladesh: An empirical analysis from Pirojpur district","authors":"Md. Saifullah Akon ,&nbsp;Md. Juel Mia","doi":"10.1016/j.pdisas.2024.100342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2024.100342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cyclone Shelters (CS) stand as widely acknowledged infrastructure, predominantly established through collaborative efforts of governmental bodies and international organizations. In response to the destructive impacts of cyclones, the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) has spearheaded the construction of several CS in the coastal regions of Bangladesh. This empirical study delves into the operational effectiveness of JICA-funded CS in Pirojpur district, employing mixed-method research techniques to get comprehensive insights. The investigation seeks to ascertain whether these shelters are fulfilling their intended function adequately. The study's findings underscore a pivotal concern: despite strategic locations, cyclone-affected people encounter limited access to these shelters. This issue arises from challenges related to absence of well-constructed connecting roads, slippery ground floor and a deficiency in inclusive design, particularly absence of gender-based rooms and toilets. To rectify this, it is imperative to refine strategic planning, considering both geographical distinctions and the varied needs of the community. Enhancing the functionality of cyclone shelters is crucial for ensuring comprehensive protection for the vulnerable people amidst the cyclonic threats prevalent in coastal Bangladesh.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52341,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Disaster Science","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100342"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590061724000322/pdfft?md5=647c7ef87f70a364a42f465ecf68998d&pid=1-s2.0-S2590061724000322-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141303370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}