Architecture and Engineering最新文献_第7页

INVESTIGATING THE CORROSION INITIATION PROCESS IN REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES UNDER THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE 气候变化影响下钢筋混凝土结构腐蚀萌生过程的研究

Architecture and Engineering Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-2-37-44

Tran Ngoc-Long, Phan Van-Phuc, V. Morozov

{"title":"INVESTIGATING THE CORROSION INITIATION PROCESS IN REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES UNDER THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE","authors":"Tran Ngoc-Long, Phan Van-Phuc, V. Morozov","doi":"10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-2-37-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-2-37-44","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Climate change (temperature rise and sea level rise) has a considerable influence on the behavior of concrete structures over time. All concrete degradation processes are connected to climate variables and the effects of climate change. The RCP8.5 (Representative Concentration Pathway) scenario, which is part of the report on climate change and level rise scenarios for Vietnam, predicts that the beginning of the 21st century will see an average annual increase in temperature between 0.8 and 1.1°C. In the mid-21st century, the temperature will likely increase by 1.8–2.3°C, with the temperature in the north likely increasing by 2.0–2.3°C and in the south by 1.8–1.9°C. In marine environments, the degradation of concrete structures can occur rapidly due to chloride-induced reinforcement corrosion. Furthermore, sea level rise is going to reduce the distance from the coastline to the structures and lead to increased surface chloride concentration. Methods: The evaluation of chloride penetration was based on the ASTM C1202 test (ASTM, 2012). The cylinder specimens (d = 100 mm, h = 200 mm) used for a rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT) were immersed in water for 28 days in a water-curing tank. Results: This study proposes a predictive model for analyzing the impact of climate change on the service life of concrete structures on Vietnam’s North Central Coast. The corrosion initiation time decreases by 16.5% when the effects of both temperature rise and sea level rise are taken into consideration. When only temperature rise is taken into consideration, the rate of reduction is approximately 9.0%. These results reaffirm that climate change has a significant effect on the corrosion initiation time of concrete structures located in a marine environment.","PeriodicalId":52295,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42041648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

EVALUATION OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT RETROFIT POTENTIAL FOR GOVERNMENT OFFICES IN INDIA 印度政府办公室节能改造潜力评估

Architecture and Engineering Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-2-03-17

Gazal Dandia, P. Sudhakaran, Chaitali Basu

{"title":"EVALUATION OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT RETROFIT POTENTIAL FOR GOVERNMENT OFFICES IN INDIA","authors":"Gazal Dandia, P. Sudhakaran, Chaitali Basu","doi":"10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-2-03-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-2-03-17","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: High energy consumption by buildings is a great threat to the environment and one of the major causes of climate change. With a population of 1.4 billion people and one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, India is extremely vital for the future of global energy markets. The energy demand for construction activities continues to rise and it is responsible for over one-third of global final energy consumption. Currently, buildings in India account for 35% of total energy consumption and the value is growing by 8% annually. Around 11% of total energy consumption are attributed to the commercial sector. Energy-efficient retrofitting of the built environments created in recent decades is a pressing urban challenge. Presently, most energy-efficient retrofit projects focus mainly on the engineering aspects. In this paper, we evaluate various retrofitting options, such as passive architectural interventions, active technological interventions, or a combination of both, to create the optimum result for the selected building. Methods: Based on a literature study and case examples, we identified various energy-efficient retrofit measures, and then examined and evaluated those as applied to the case study of Awas Bhawan (Rajasthan Housing Board Headquarters), Jaipur, India. For the evaluation, we developed a simulation model using EQuest for each energy measure and calculated the resultant energy savings. Then, based on the cost of implementation and the cost of energy saved, we calculated the payback period. Finally, an optimum retrofit solution was formulated with account for the payback period and ease of installation. Results and discussion: The detailed analysis of various energy-efficient retrofit measures as applied to the case study indicates that the most feasible options for retrofit resulting in optimum energy savings with short payback periods include passive architecture measures and equipment upgrades.","PeriodicalId":52295,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41364219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN STRUCTURAL STEELS DURING THERMAL CYCLING 结构钢在热循环过程中的结构变化

Architecture and Engineering Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-2-70-76

V. Gordienko, S. Repin, A. Vorobiev, Angelica Abrosimova

{"title":"STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN STRUCTURAL STEELS DURING THERMAL CYCLING","authors":"V. Gordienko, S. Repin, A. Vorobiev, Angelica Abrosimova","doi":"10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-2-70-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-2-70-76","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: During experimental studies of structural steels responsible for the reliability of metal structures used, for example, in hoisting and transporting machinery, we established a correlation between the magnetic parameter Hp and characteristic changes in the metal microstructure during thermal cycling. It is shown that the Нр parameter depends on the initial structural state of steel, the amount and mass fraction of alloying elements, and the number of heating/cooling cycles. Methods: We found that an increase in the number of heating/cooling cycles and the amount of alloying elements, as well as preliminary cold plastic deformation with stage-by-stage control of structural changes using passive magnetic flux leakage testing results in a finer-grained structure, which was confirmed by metallographic analysis. Results: The paper considers specifics of structural changes in steels with different initial structures during thermal cycling. It is shown that the final grain size depends on the number of treatment cycles, the amount of alloying elements, and the initial microstructure. It is the fine-grain structure that improves the most important performance characteristics of steels: strength, cyclic strength, and cold brittleness.","PeriodicalId":52295,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43623726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

SELECTING MADIUN–DOLOPO TRACE ROUTE WITH THE FUZZY AHP (ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS) METHOD 采用模糊层次分析法选择马甸-多坡航迹路线

Architecture and Engineering Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-2-63-69

S. W. Astuti, M. A. Kurniawan, Adya Aghastya

{"title":"SELECTING MADIUN–DOLOPO TRACE ROUTE WITH THE FUZZY AHP (ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS) METHOD","authors":"S. W. Astuti, M. A. Kurniawan, Adya Aghastya","doi":"10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-2-63-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-2-63-69","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The National Railway Master Plan (RIPNAS), dated 2018, mentions that the railway network size and railway service capacity for using trains as the main means of transportation can be increased by reactivating non-operational routes and improving the condition of the existing routes. Methods: In our study, we propose the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy AHP) method to determine the best option for the reactivated Madiun–Dopolo trace route in East Java, Indonesia. The data obtained were derived from questionnaires filled in by experts in the field. The model used six main criteria: land use, technical aspects, transportation node integration, social insecurity, disaster factors, and funding. Result and Discussion: The analysis reveals that the predominant route selection criterion chosen by the respondents was the Land Use (with a score of 0.25). The least significant Madiun–Dopolo route selection criterion was the Disaster Factors (0.07). Based on the results of weighting the criteria and aggregating the respondent alternatives, the trace route most commonly chosen by the respondents was the Alternative Trace Route (Trace Route 2), with a score of 0.698, while the Existing Trace Route (Trace Route 1) had a score of 0.302. The Alternative Trace Route is longer than the Existing Trace Route, but it will mostly pass through farming regions, which is assumed to create less social conflicts than in the case of Trace Route 1. This also automatically means that Trace Route 2 will need fewer funds in land acquisition.","PeriodicalId":52295,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45520954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EXPERIMENTAL MODELING OF SNOW ACTION ON UNIQUE CONSTRUCTION FACILITIES 独特建筑设施上雪作用的实验模拟

Architecture and Engineering Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-2-45-51

O. Poddaeva

引用次数: 1

ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF CITY SPRAWL ON URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 评估发展中国家城市扩张对城市货运的影响

Architecture and Engineering Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-2-52-62

Bhavesh N. Dhonde, C. Patel

{"title":"ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF CITY SPRAWL ON URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES","authors":"Bhavesh N. Dhonde, C. Patel","doi":"10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-2-52-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-2-52-62","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In the 21st century, cities in developing countries have witnessed faster growth as compared with cities in developed countries. Countries like India, China and Brazil have one of the most densely populated cities in the world. The transport infrastructure in these cities struggles to deal with the increasing population and geographic sprawl. Though some efforts are made to improve the transportation systems in these cities, urban freight transport is largely overlooked as the focus remains on passenger transport. Methods: This study aims to assess the impacts of the city’s geographic sprawl on urban freight transport using the example of the textile industry in Surat, India. The sprawl of the city and its textile industry is measured based on historical maps, Google imagery, and establishment surveys. Changes in urban freight trip lengths are determined using the data of a commercial vehicle drivers’ survey. Results: In the last two decades, the city expanded geographically by almost three times. The relocation of textile manufacturing units led to a 40% increase in trip lengths and additional 56 tons of carbon dioxide generation per year. Due to the city sprawl, the overall efficiency of the urban freight transport system reduced. There is a need for a holistic planning approach towards urban freight movement and related urban infrastructure for sustainable freight flows. This can serve as a policy framework to decide on the location of a logistics hub or as guidelines to allocate manufacturing enterprises in the proximity of the urban area, thus enabling sustainable development of the city.","PeriodicalId":52295,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42925580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

PROBLEM OF THE ANISOTROPY OF ELASTICITY AND STRENGTH IN ANISOTROPIC FIBER MATERIALS 各向异性纤维材料弹性和强度的各向异性问题

Architecture and Engineering Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-2-31-36

V. Glukhikh

{"title":"PROBLEM OF THE ANISOTROPY OF ELASTICITY AND STRENGTH IN ANISOTROPIC FIBER MATERIALS","authors":"V. Glukhikh","doi":"10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-2-31-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-2-31-36","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The paper presents new results of studies on the anisotropy of fiber materials with cylindrical anisotropy, which include filament-wound composite materials reinforced with various fibers. Methods: We suggest a mathematical solution to a fourth-order partial differential equation in polar coordinates with two variables for an orthotropic anisotropic body. To solve this equation, we converted it into Cartesian coordinates and presented the stress function as a sum of polynomials. Results and Discussion: As a result of the solution, we obtained two relationships between the elastic constants in the principal directions of anisotropy (so-called elasticity parameters). One of them was obtained for the first time, and the other results from the solution of the anisotropy problem for an orthotropic curved body, suggested by S. G. Lekhnitsky. The obtained solution does not contradict Lekhnitsky’s solution. Thus, in our opinion, orthotropic materials can be divided into two groups. In one group, when shifting from the radial to the tangential direction, the elastic constants take on extreme values when the layers are at angles of 0, 60, and 90°. In the other group, there is no intermediate extreme value and the elastic constants take on extreme values when the layers are at angles of 0 and 90°. The obtained results can be applied in the development of new high-strength composite materials and new technologies for the design and manufacture of building structures, as well as in the design of high-strength structures from synthetic composite materials.","PeriodicalId":52295,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48850045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

PREREQUISITE FOR ACCIDENT-FREE TRAFFIC AT SIGNAL-CONTROLLED INTERSECTIONS 信号控制路口无事故交通的先决条件

Architecture and Engineering Pub Date : 2021-03-25 DOI: 10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-1-73-80

A. Gorev, Olga S. Gasilova, B. Sidorov

{"title":"PREREQUISITE FOR ACCIDENT-FREE TRAFFIC AT SIGNAL-CONTROLLED INTERSECTIONS","authors":"A. Gorev, Olga S. Gasilova, B. Sidorov","doi":"10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-1-73-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-1-73-80","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Improving intersection capacity will not be possible without accounting for traffic safety. Purpose of the study: We aim to determine the prerequisite for accident-free traffic at signal-controlled intersections with turning traffic flows. Methods: In our study, we used the methods of observation, comparison, and mathematical analysis. Results: We have carried out a field observation of traffic intensity at signal-controlled intersections in the city of Yekaterinburg, focusing on vehicles that moved when the green light was on. We have also analyzed traffic flow moving in three directions in the same lanes. We have discovered that traffic accident likelihood is the highest (54%) at four-way intersections. Three-way intersections account for 44% of traffic accidents, while the remaining 2% of accidents occur at multi-way intersections. Furthermore, we have determined the additional factors that impact safety in turning traffic flows at intersections. Our study demonstrates that in order to ensure maximum intersection capacity, the duration of the traffic signal cycle must be adjusted with the minimum safe distance between vehicles in mind.","PeriodicalId":52295,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48331088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

SEEING THE INVISIBLE. ANALYTICAL DRAWINGS BY CONSTRUCTION HISTORY PIONEERS. RESEARCH FIELD OVERVIEW 看到看不见的东西。施工史先驱者的分析图纸。研究领域概述

Architecture and Engineering Pub Date : 2021-03-25 DOI: 10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-1-03-18

J. Girón

{"title":"SEEING THE INVISIBLE. ANALYTICAL DRAWINGS BY CONSTRUCTION HISTORY PIONEERS. RESEARCH FIELD OVERVIEW","authors":"J. Girón","doi":"10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-1-03-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-1-03-18","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The history of construction is a discipline that began to take shape in the mid-18th century and throughout the 19th century. We as researchers need to pay particular attention to how drawing facilitated progress during this period. This article attempts to provide an overview of the above, which is currently lacking. Methods: In this study, two lines of investigation intersect: the history of construction and the history of drawing, specifically drawing for scientific and technical representation. The main goal is to identify the sources (authors, lines of investigation) relevant to this field, as well as to characterize the role of drawing in the authors’ work, and to describe the spread of drawing as nonverbal thinking. Results: We have identified a number of relevant authors, described their lines of research, and listed the functions fulfilled by drawing in each case. The functions include: hypothesizing about hidden structures, visualizing the construction processes, and providing a virtual definition for elements that make up a vault. We also review how some drawings acted as a visual model of the constructive reality, or how parallel drawings served as a reflection of the different buildings’ size and scale. Discussion: This overview adjusts some points of reference for a general picture. For having a complete understanding of the subject, it will be necessary to identify more sources and to extend the geographical scope of this search in the future. There is still much research to be done on the spread of the drawings in question.","PeriodicalId":52295,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45140606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CONSTRUCTION OF LOW-RISE BUILDINGS IN THE COASTLAND AND WATER AREAS 在沿海和水域建造低层建筑

Architecture and Engineering Pub Date : 2021-03-25 DOI: 10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-1-58-63

A. Yudina, Yana Kukushkina

引用次数: 1