European Policy Analysis最新文献

{"title":"Blame-avoidance and fragmented crisis management during the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland","authors":"Céline Mavrot,&nbsp;Fritz Sager","doi":"10.1002/epa2.1194","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epa2.1194","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article studies how the prolonged pandemic situation impacted crisis governance in the federalized governance system of Switzerland. It examines how in this acute crisis situation, the responsibility for decision-making fluctuated among governance levels, placing subnational states in a situation of uncertainty that caused a <i>fragmented crisis management</i>, and therefore suboptimal policy learning processes. The study is based on the case of COVID-19 governance in Switzerland, where, as in many other European countries, the management of the first pandemic wave was very centralized. However, the federal government avoided taking a strong lead during the subsequent waves. Consequently, pandemic management was marked by numerous fluctuations regarding who was in charge of the main COVID-19 decisions between the federal and subnational governance levels. A media analysis (February 2020–March 2022) and an analysis of the gray literature show that crisis governance and policy learning processes were scattered across levels of governance, which impeded the accumulation of knowledge and know-how. The article analyses how crises can give way to blame games between the levels of governance, thus hampering a coordinated crisis management and policy learning processes across the different stages of the pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135168521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policy feedback and the enforcement of international wildlife treaties in Germany","authors":"Kayla M. Gabehart,&nbsp;Allegra H. Fullerton,&nbsp;Christoph H. Stefes","doi":"10.1002/epa2.1192","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epa2.1192","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Laws are only as good as their enforcement. International treaties are no exception. We investigate how Germany implements international wildlife protection treaties, namely the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora and the Bern Convention. We find that Germany's federal system allows for uneven enforcement of national legislation across the 16 federal states. We utilize Policy Feedback Theory as a theoretical lens to examine how federalism (re-)produces different enforcement regimes. We rely on qualitative analysis of interviews of German street-level bureaucrats, government officials, and NGO representatives. We find that macrolevel context impacts how institutions enforce wildlife protection policies. Particularly, Germany's federal structure permits either centralized, decentralized, or cooperative arrangements that result in differences in resources, affecting the ways bureaucrats view their roles and responsibilities. These resource and interpretive effects further feedback into the contextual structure of the federal enforcement system.</p>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136033060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How ideas shape the EU's climate policy: Moving toward the sufficiency paradigm for the EU ETS","authors":"Daniel Wennick","doi":"10.1002/epa2.1186","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epa2.1186","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines the paradigm shifts in the European Union's (EU's) climate policy from 2009 to 2022 looking closer at the main policy instrument of EU's climate policy, the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). The paradigm shifts of the EU ETS are linked to the climate policy paradigms prometheanism/growth unlimited (PGU), ecological modernization (EM), and sufficiency. The question of how ideas have shaped EU climate policy and the EU ETS in the past decade is answered, with the establishment of the EM paradigm and moving toward the sufficiency paradigm. There is a need for more research looking closer at how this paradigm shift impacts legislation for climate policy going forward.</p>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epa2.1186","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135969318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Party politics and the shaping of migration policy in the Council of Ministers","authors":"Simon Fink","doi":"10.1002/epa2.1193","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epa2.1193","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Council of Ministers is still the European Union's decision-making center in migration policy. However, we know little about the determinants of member state's policy positions. This article tests three hypotheses: member state positions might be influenced by socioeconomic conditions, by public opinion, or by partisan preferences. We conduct a quantitative analysis of two legislative proposals at the intersection of migration and welfare policy (the returns directive, COD/2005/167 and the social security regulation, 2016/0397/COD) using member state positions as the dependent variable. The result is that different factors are important for positioning on the two proposals: member state positions on the returns directive are correlated with public opinion, while their positions on the social security regulation are correlated with party positions, especially the position of the economically rightmost coalition partner. Thus, our study takes issue with the argument that migration politics in the Council are disconnected from the domestic arena.</p>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epa2.1193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136212509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bricolage and beyond: Bringing modern entrepreneurship theories to bear on policy entrepreneurship","authors":"Mark C. Hand, Colin Birkhead","doi":"10.1002/epa2.1189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/epa2.1189","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Who makes policy change happen, and how? Public policy scholars now take more seriously the role of agency in the policy process, and in particular the role of policy entrepreneurship, a contested term built mostly from classical, economic conceptions of entrepreneurship from the mid‐20th century. In this study, we introduce policy scholars to modern theories of entrepreneurship from sociology and management scholarship, including cultural entrepreneurship, effectuation, bricolage, and entrepreneurial assembly. We show that theories connect more easily with major theories of the policy process more easily than classical theories do and argue policy scholars should make room for multiple policy entrepreneurship archetypes. We also give three examples—organizational imprinting, the small firm effect, and survivorship bias—of the readymade research agenda modern entrepreneurship theories offer to policy entrepreneurship scholars. Finally, we show how these theories help policy scholars build bridges to other political science subfields.","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135645603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macrolevel factors encouraging bureaucratic policy entrepreneurship: The case of religion and state in Israel","authors":"Niva Golan-Nadir","doi":"10.1002/epa2.1191","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epa2.1191","url":null,"abstract":"<p>How do external macrolevel factors encourage bureaucrats to become policy entrepreneurs? And what are their organizational goals in pursuing entrepreneurship? Contrary to traditional public choice literature on bureaucracy that sees the latter as change-resistant, this study stresses that bureaucracies can and do change; they are not as insulated from reformist pressure. In this study, we lay the conditions under which change occurs, making bureaucrats—policy entrepreneurs. We argue that: (1) bureaucratic inefficiency, leading to (2) societal pressure as expressed by public opinion, and consequently to (3) pressure from potential new providers offering bottom-up competition, will encourage bureaucrats to turn to policy entrepreneurship strategies. In addition, we assert that their goals in doing so are to modify and design efficient services, while protecting their monopoly on service provision. We test these claims by analyzing the state-religion dynamics in Israel, and specifically the case of the 2021 kosher food inspection reform.</p>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epa2.1191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136152326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policy entrepreneurship on the street-level: A systematic literature review","authors":"Ofek Edri-Peer,&nbsp;Mariana Costa Silveira,&nbsp;Maayan Davidovitz,&nbsp;Neomi Frisch-Aviram,&nbsp;Jamal Shehade,&nbsp;Hadeel Diab,&nbsp;Niva Golan-Nadir,&nbsp;Nissim Cohen","doi":"10.1002/epa2.1187","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epa2.1187","url":null,"abstract":"<p>What are the differences between policy entrepreneurship and street-level policy entrepreneurship? The research on street-level policy entrepreneurship is still in its infancy, yet in the past few years, it has received greater research attention. This article systematically reviews the current research published on this topic and compares it to previous findings on policy entrepreneurs. Our findings provide an analysis of street-level policy entrepreneurs' characteristics, motivations, traits, and strategies, differentiating types of street-level bureaucrats (SLBs). We also find three new strategies unique to SLBs: consistency over time, learning from others, and seeking legitimacy. We conclude by identifying the main differences between traditional entrepreneurs and street-level entrepreneurs and providing suggestions for further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epa2.1187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136153843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parliamentary oversight of emergency measures and policies: A safeguard of democracy during a crisis?","authors":"Mikko Värttö","doi":"10.1002/epa2.1190","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epa2.1190","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article discusses the role of parliamentary oversight of emergency measures and policies in increasing democratic resilience and recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. The study on the Finnish Parliament is conducted by analyzing the statements of the Constitutional Law Committee, whose role is to conduct a parliamentary constitutional review of governmental bills. The main focus of the analysis is on the Committee's reviews of the constitutionality of the emergency measures and the procedures of law drafting. The research indicates that the committee considered the restrictions and exceptions of fundamental rights as proportional and necessary to prevent the overburdening of the healthcare system in most cases. However, the justifications for the emergency measures were often lacking, and the parliament's right to receive information was compromised. These deficits undermined the Parliament's capacity to oversee emergency measures and policies. The parliamentary constitutional review during the pandemic could still serve a critical complementary function by protecting fundamental rights and democratic values.</p>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epa2.1190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135063741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arts and culture in transformation: A critical analysis of the national plans for the European Recovery and Resilience Facility","authors":"Diana Betzler,&nbsp;Ellen Loots,&nbsp;Marek Prokůpek","doi":"10.1002/epa2.1188","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epa2.1188","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The understanding of resilience, and how the ability to respond or adjust to new situations can be implemented and evaluated, gained prominence in public policy. This study examines how European Union (EU) member states plan to support cultural and creative sectors (CCSs) within the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) of the NextGenerationEU Program and how they plan the CCSs to contribute to the grand challenges of our time. Using mixed methods, it is found that the understanding of how structural deficiencies in CCSs can be addressed is not systematic and not all countries invest to make the cultural infrastructure more future-proof. Neither the budgets nor the mode of resilience (absorption, adaptation, and transformation) exposed in the plans consistently correlates with how countries intend to address key impact pillars. Countries with larger CCSs are more prone to transformation. The theoretical contribution lies in the elaboration of the concept of “ex ante resilience.”</p>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epa2.1188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136128701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy efficiency, housing, and economic policy","authors":"Nils C. Bandelow,&nbsp;Johanna Hornung,&nbsp;Fritz Sager,&nbsp;Ilana Schröder","doi":"10.1002/epa2.1185","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epa2.1185","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Summer is always an exciting period of the year for journal editors because citation indices publish the latest journal-specific performance indicators. For our <i>European Policy Analysis (EPA)</i> journal, this year has brought amazing news. Not only has our SCOPUS CiteScore risen from 5.3 to 7.8, which is an increase by almost 50%.¹ It is also the first year that Clarivate Analytics, which publishes the Journal Citation Reports within the Web of Science, has issued an Impact Factor (IF) for EPA. The inclusion in the Web of Science and the IF are indicative of the high-quality articles that we publish, as well as the quick, responsible, and reliable processes of peer review. We sincerely thank our authors, reviewers, and all people who have contributed to EPA's success. Proudly, we present EPA's first IF of 5.0, which ranks it second in the Political Science category of the Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) and fourth in the Public Administration category of the ESCI. Considering the journals listed in the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), this makes EPA one of the top 15 journals in Political Science, and one of the top 10 journals in Public Administration. Words cannot describe how happy we are about this result. Our thanks to the great authors and reviewers who made this possible. We are aware that keeping this still young journal in the upper quartiles of the indexes for an extended period of time will be even more challenging.</p><p>In our view, the most recent publications of our journal can contribute to a continuation of EPA's success story. At the ravages of time, which are shaped by new questions regarding sustainability and digitalization but also seemingly old debates on democracy and governance, the past year has bundled a few of these questions in a special issue on Sustainable Governance Indicators (SGIs) and their explanatory power in the realm of public policy research. Back then, the visionary article by Tosun and Howlett (<span>2022</span>) has provided an empirical operationalization of policy styles by means of the SGIs. The long-lasting impact of this article is already visible. In this EPA issue Zahariadis et al. (<span>2023</span>) build on this operationalization, but use different SGI concepts as indicators for mode of problem-solving and inclusiveness. This allows them to comparatively assess administrative, managerial, accommodative, and adversarial policy styles. While these present to distinct ways of empirically capturing policy styles, they are at the same time representative of the growing interest in policy styles (Casula &amp; Malandrino, <span>2023</span>; Howlett &amp; Tosun, <span>2021</span>; Newman et al., <span>2022</span>; Schillemans et al., <span>2022</span>).</p><p>At a less theoretical and more empirical level, the EPA contributions in this issue focus on topics of current importance in energy, housing, and economic policy. These sectors even entail relevant intersections, as","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epa2.1185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48999181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}