European Policy Analysis最新文献

{"title":"How immigration affects the welfare state in the short and long run: Differences between social spending and policy generosity","authors":"Friederike Römer","doi":"10.1002/epa2.1140","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epa2.1140","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To assess how immigration affects welfare states, studies have mainly used social expenditure as an indocator of welfare state strength, with inconclusive results. Furthermore, the relationship between immigration and different social policy fields has been mostly overlooked, and temporal dynamics have often been ignored. Using data on 21 OECD countries 1980–2010, this paper tests how immigration relates to (a) social expenditures, and (b) generosity of policy in regard to unemployment benefits and public pensions. Using dynamic and static panel models and controlling for relevant structural factors there is evidence for a robust and significant negative association between net migration and spending in the short term, with no evidence that migration increases social spending in later years. Some evidence is found for the compensation hypothesis, i.e., a positive association between net migration and unemployment generosity. A robust positive association was also found for net migration and pension generosity. There is thus little support that migration has a burdening or undermining effect on the welfare state.</p>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":"9 1","pages":"69-90"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epa2.1140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45658193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Super-users and hyper-experts in the provision of policy advice: Evidence from a survey of Canadian academics","authors":"Andrea Migone,&nbsp;Michael R. McGregor,&nbsp;Kathy Brock,&nbsp;Michael Howlett","doi":"10.1002/epa2.1139","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epa2.1139","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The relationships of influence and activity between academics and other actors (public, private, and non-governmental) in the policy process are complex. Although older work often argued academic research at best had an indirect “environmental” or “enlightenment” effect on policy-makers, (May et al. (2016). Journal of Public Policy, 36, 195) recently argued that in the US case previous studies misconstrued the role of academic policy advice because they surveyed “average” academics and in so doing missed the significant impact of a small elite group of “hyper-experts” within an already small group of “super-users” interacting on a constant basis with government policy-makers. This article draws upon data from a survey of academics in four fields (Business, Engineering, Health and Politics) in six major Canadian Universities to map out the relationships existing between academics and other actors in the public, private, and non-governmental sectors and test for the existence of this elite pattern of interaction in a second country.</p>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":"8 4","pages":"370-393"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43978467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National policymaking between influences of the European Union and the economy","authors":"Nils C. Bandelow,&nbsp;Johanna Hornung,&nbsp;Fritz Sager,&nbsp;Ilana Schröder,&nbsp;Klaus Schubert","doi":"10.1002/epa2.1135","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epa2.1135","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The year 2022 starts with many hopes. Among many others, this includes hopes for effective ways to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, hopes for mitigating climate change, and hopes for equality among human beings. Faced with these objectives, national policy-making processes are often influenced by two important relations—those with the supranational level of the European Union and those with powerful economic actors. This EPA issue includes six original articles that deal with the influence of the EU and the economy on domestic policy-making and provide insights into the challenges and opportunities that these interdependencies bring with them.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Following the financial crisis of 2008, the EU member states transferred important competences in the area of financial oversight and regulation of the financial market to the supranational level. This led to the establishment of the Banking Union in 2014 (Guidi, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). Swinkels and van Esch (&lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;) use the framework developed by Rinscheid et al. (&lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;) to show how a belief shift of key policy actors serve as an explanation the institutional change presented by the Banking Union. Equally concerned with a powerful economy with many interdependencies, namely, that of the Swiss energy sector (Dermont &amp; Kammermann, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;), Fischer et al. (&lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;) analyze the Europeanization of informal networks at the domestic level. The authors disentangle the complex web of relationships between domestic and European actors in multilevel governance and argue that informal and bottom-up processes play a key role in public policy-making even in nonmember states.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Less focused on political economy but even more so with the challenges of climate change, the article by Liefferink and Leppänen (&lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;) applies the Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) (Herweg et al., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;) to the stages of agenda-setting and policy formulation of the Just Transition Fund (JTF). The authors put forward the claim that the institutional context substantially shaped the influence of policy entrepreneurs and outlined the relevance of supranational institutions to EU climate policy. This is in line with other contributions that highlight policy entrepreneurship at the supranational level published in this and related journals (Arenal et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). The relevance of the EU in tackling societal challenges is further built on by Meister Broekema et al. (&lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). Reviewing and investigating the strategies of co-creation inherent in the Horizon 2020 call for “co-creation for growth and inclusion,” their contribution presents a critical assessment of the capability of this call to stimulate innovation and conclude that the program's policy design is too rigid to do so. Moving away from the focus on Europeanization, but researching the motives to engage in public-private partnerships (PPP), Ilgenstein (&lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;) equally draws from i","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":"8 1","pages":"6-8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epa2.1135","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48871667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Informal Europeanization processes and domestic governance networks","authors":"Jan-Erik Rèfle,&nbsp;Manuel Fischer,&nbsp;Martino Maggetti","doi":"10.1002/epa2.1138","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epa2.1138","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The influence of the European Union on national power structures, actors' institutional opportunities, and governance networks is well established in cases of Europeanization processes unfolding in member states or associated countries for which a formal agreement is in place. This article focuses instead on Europeanization processes that are more informal and do not include formal agreements but bottom-up dynamics. Empirically, we analyze the collaboration network in Swiss energy policy with Exponential Random Graph Models and find that actors with EU contacts and those that consider the international process as important are particularly active in the domestic governance network, whereas actors considering the domestic process as strongly Europeanized and those with pro-EU beliefs are particularly inactive. This points towards a complex influence of informal Europeanization on domestic governance networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":"8 1","pages":"33-50"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epa2.1138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44045246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciding upon the Banking Union: How a joint belief shift instigated deep institutional change in Eurozone governance","authors":"Marij Swinkels,&nbsp;Femke van Esch","doi":"10.1002/epa2.1137","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epa2.1137","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper explores how a joint belief shift among policy actors in the Eurozone crisis led to a deep institutional change in Eurozone governance: the banking union. Based on Rinscheid's framework of institutional change, we apply discourse network analysis (DNA) of actor statements in European newsmedia to show how banking union ideas emerged and gained ground between 2000 and 2012. We complement the DNA with analysis of secondary sources to provide explanations of how the rise and dissemination of banking union ideas came about. Our findings show that potential junctures in a crisis provide opportunities for policy actors to exploit and instigate a joint belief shift, but only if certain critical antecedents allow for this. Our study complements EU policy analysis studies by offering a fine-grained theory and methodology to assess and understand the role of (coalitions of) key policy actors and their ideas in processes of EU institutional change.</p>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":"8 1","pages":"9-32"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epa2.1137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47255282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agenda-setting, policy formulation, and the EU institutional context: The case of the Just Transition Fund","authors":"Taru Leppänen,&nbsp;Duncan Liefferink","doi":"10.1002/epa2.1136","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epa2.1136","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Utilizing Kingdon's Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) as a basis, this article aims to further the understanding of the influence institutional factors have on agenda-setting and policy formulation in the European Union (EU). It does so by analyzing the policy process of the Just Transition Fund (JTF) from agenda-setting to policy formulation by the Commission. The research finds that policy entrepreneurship is strongly determined by the characteristics and overlap of institutional policy windows. In the JTF case, the institutional context enhanced the influence of policy entrepreneurs within the European Parliament, especially the S&amp;D party, on the combined process of agenda-setting and policy formulation. Therefore, this paper illustrates that EU MSF scholarship would benefit from taking institutional factors more into account. The conclusions also indicate that supranational institutions can play a larger role in EU climate policy formulation than some of the current research suggests.</p>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":"8 1","pages":"51-67"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epa2.1136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44922064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taking back control over the economy: From economic populism to the economic consequences of populism","authors":"István Benczes","doi":"10.1002/epa2.1134","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epa2.1134","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Economic populism was once recognized as a paradigmatic understanding of the boom-and-bust cycles of Latin America. By now, the concept has lost its analytical strength and academic attractiveness. Nevertheless, policy analysts cannot neglect the supply side analysis of contemporary populism, that is, what populists actually do once elected into government. Adopting and operationalizing the ideational definition of populism, the article identifies three major consequences of populist incumbency: (1) the inclination of populists to embark on redistributive policies favoring “our” people against “others,” (2) their critical attitude toward autonomous organizations, professionals, and institutions, and (3) their antagonistic relationship with the competitive market mechanism. The article demonstrates that populism is no longer about myopic and irresponsible policies; instead, populists tend to disregard the institutional constraints of economic decision making.</p>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":"8 1","pages":"109-123"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51345448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tackling societal challenges together: Co-creation strategies and social innovation in EU policy and funded projects","authors":"Peter Meister Broekema,&nbsp;Lummina G. Horlings,&nbsp;Elles Bulder","doi":"10.1002/epa2.1133","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epa2.1133","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The last decade we saw an increasing academic, policy, and professional interest in the use of co-creation to tackle societal challenges. Most research focused on qualitative analysis of case studies. This led to an understanding that co-creation is essential for social innovation. We started this paper by analyzing co-creation strategies <i>ex ante</i> to understand how EU-funded consortia intend to tackle societal challenges. By quantitatively analyzing 300 EU projects and qualitatively analyzing the Horizon2020 “co-creation for growth and inclusion” call, our research revealed four different types of consortia. We characterized these types by the coordinators and dubbed them, respectively, as research led, government led, enterprise led, and other led. These consortia were quite different in terms of diversity and preferred partners. We also distinguished three distinct co-creation strategies that are focused on inclusion of stakeholders, the outcome, or tool development. We discovered that these strategies are not linked to types of consortia or projects, but only to the call text. We therefore conclude that the policy design of Horizon2020 led to a program that aims to stimulate innovation, but has become too rigid to be able to do so.</p>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":"8 1","pages":"68-86"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epa2.1133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48934628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Political conflicts and surprising policy outcomes in times of crisis","authors":"Nils C. Bandelow,&nbsp;Johanna Hornung,&nbsp;Fritz Sager,&nbsp;Ilana Schröder,&nbsp;Klaus Schubert","doi":"10.1002/epa2.1132","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epa2.1132","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The outgoing year 2021 was marked by many crises: Despite the increasing availability of vaccines, the COVID pandemic remained the most important topic in most European countries until the fall of the year. In addition, the climate crisis also gained renewed attention. It is foreseeable that direct and indirect social and political consequences of both crises and the associated political conflicts will continue to shape the coming years. An important political challenge is the growing tension between democratic and populist actors and, relatedly, between embedded democracies and authoritarian states. At the intersection of these conflicts lies the subject of our first contribution: the development of public transport in Moscow (Uldanov et al., <span>2021</span>). The interest of the paper is more general: it follows on from EPA's most recent special issue (Stauffer &amp; Kuenzler, <span>2021</span>) and uses the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) for an analysis of European policy processes. Like the contribution by Schlaufer et al. (<span>2021</span>), it ventures into the particular conditions of authoritarian politics in Moscow's local politics. In this contribution, too, online data, especially politicians’ websites on the one hand and critical blogs on the other hand, form the most important data basis (in Schlaufer et al.'s case supplemented by interviews). As a result, the recently popularized concepts of Angel Shift and Devil Shift (Pattison et al., <span>2021</span>; Stephan, <span>2020</span>) enable the identification of different narrative strategies of the governmental coalition on the one hand and oppositional actors on the other.</p><p>The second article in this issue (Petek et al., <span>2021</span>) also uses a country example that has been comparatively little studied in public policy research—namely Croatia—, to develop a more general argument. The article focuses on the development of a typology of five policy goals: sector, process, evaluation, instrument, and value oriented. These goals are represented to varying degrees in different thematic dimensions. The classification of policy goals can make an important contribution to various current debates in public policy research. For example, the relationship between types of goals and types of instruments is important for policy design research (Capano &amp; Howlett, <span>2020</span>; Karapin, <span>2020</span>; Koski &amp; Siddiki, <span>2021</span>).</p><p>The third paper also deals with public policy in Central and Eastern European States (Bod et al., <span>2021</span>). The authors present history, arguments, and data on the question of euro adoption by Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, and Croatia. Only the latter three states are aiming at euro adoption with a concrete target date. The article argues that in the other three states political arguments have led to resistance to euro adoption.</p><p>One particularly exciting paper takes up the surprising finding","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":"7 2","pages":"430-432"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epa2.1132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45359436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One for the money, two for the show: What are the actor-based incentives for public-private partnerships for innovation?","authors":"Sabrina A. Ilgenstein","doi":"10.1002/epa2.1131","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epa2.1131","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper aims to identify the processes that lead to the establishment of public-private partnerships (PPPs) with a focus on the financial and policy incentives of the actors involved. To this end, it applies the Multiple Streams Framework to a qualitative case study to answer the following research question: are actors of PPPs for innovation motivated due to financial incentives or can they be policy driven? Although the fiscal context plays an important role in our case, the study shows that policy goals, such as providing infrastructure or public services and promoting innovation can be the main drivers for establishing a PPP. These findings offer a theoretical and practical contribution to analyze PPPs as a phenomenon. First, we establish a theoretical framework of possible incentives for actors in PPPs and, secondly, provide new insights into the PPP discussion in the public administration literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":"8 1","pages":"87-108"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epa2.1131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46796005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}