European Policy Analysis最新文献

{"title":"Crafting a Cybersecurity Governance Ecosystem: Two Decades of Learning in Estonia","authors":"Logan Carmichael","doi":"10.1002/epa2.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/epa2.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cybersecurity is a new but pervasive phenomenon facing governments today, emerging as a global policy concern over recent decades. Governments must craft institutional setups for cybersecurity as the global threat landscape evolves. This paper examines the process of allocating governmental responsibility for cybersecurity inside the Estonian government, among the first to publicly acknowledge cyberattacks against a nation-state in 2007. Furthermore, it looks at how this process has changed over time and how this process can eventuate. It employs a collaborative governance theoretical approach, emphasizing the myriad actors involved with such processes, and qualitative research methodology, via interviews with public officials across the Estonian government. This paper indicates that cybersecurity purview has shifted over time from a military to a civilian one, prioritizing the country's digitalization, and that governmental understandings of cybersecurity are neither codified nor entirely consistent, though this could be expected in a governance environment where myriad actors are involved.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Street-Level Institutional Work: How Social Workers Maintain, Disrupt, and Create the Rules of Social Organizations","authors":"Olivia Mettang","doi":"10.1002/epa2.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/epa2.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Research has shown that street-level workers may shape public policies, yet less is known about the processes through which they attempt to influence institutional arrangements. This gap is particularly evident in corporatist welfare states, where multiple organizations are involved in social policy implementation. This research provides a comprehensive account of how to study institutional work within different organizational settings – bureaucracies, civil society organizations, and religious organizations. Adopting an institutional logics perspective, I focus on how social workers use language to verbally maintain, create, or disrupt the institutional logics that structure their organizations. I report findings from interviews with social workers implementing morality policies, which illustrate how they navigate the institutional values of their organizations in relation to their own values and identities. The paper links street-level research to institutionalism, showing how institutional work manifests on the ground.</p>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epa2.70038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147615034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fear in Public Policy Compliance: Citizens' Response to Crisis-Induced Policies","authors":"Stella Ladi,&nbsp;Kirsty Gardiner,&nbsp;Angelos Angelou,&nbsp;Dimitra Panagiotatou","doi":"10.1002/epa2.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/epa2.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article brings together social psychology and public policy literature in a mixed-methods research design to explore how fear influences non-compliance with challenging policies during crises. Building on Terror Management Theory, we argue that fear affects individual citizens' compliance tendencies. The argument is empirically explored by looking at COVID-19 vaccination policies in Bulgaria and Sweden and surveying unvaccinated individuals. We demonstrate our argument by combining data from a mixture of methods (policy database, experimental survey, qualitative coding). Findings suggest vaccine-resistant individuals are strongly influenced by fear—particularly of side effects, vaccine development, and political control. From a Terror Management Perspective, fear for one's safety generates anxiety that can exacerbate health-defeating behaviors such as vaccine refusal. We therefore recommend that future policy interventions should (a) reinforce the anxiety buffering system of the public, and (b) protect against individuals' health-defeating defenses via enhanced communication and trust building.</p>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epa2.70039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147618146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Europeanization and Health Policy in the European Union During Covid-19 Pandemic: The Case of Greece","authors":"Georgios Maris,&nbsp;Foteini Koulouri","doi":"10.1002/epa2.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/epa2.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The main purpose of this paper is to study and evaluate the efforts to respond to the covid-19 pandemic in the EU and Greece, and to understand the capacity of the Greek health system to deal with such crises. The main questions we are called to answer are: What initiatives have been developed at EU level to address the covid-19 pandemic? Have these initiatives affected the Greek health system? To answer these questions, this article will use the theoretical lenses of Europeanization to make evident the interplay between European and national policies to address the covid-19 pandemic. As argued in this paper, from the EU's perspective, Europeanization was promoted as a top-down process and characterized by the efforts of the European institutions to mitigate the economic consequences of the covid-19 on national economies while promoting the development of tools and mechanisms to strengthen the national health systems against the effects of the pandemic. As a bottom-up approach, it seems that Greece influenced the EU's pandemic policy considerably. For the first time, Greece actively influenced EU's responses to the pandemic crisis uploading various innovative ideas, such as the PLF's and the EU's Covid Digital Certificate to the European level. Finally, studying the case of Greece, we observed interesting signs of the dynamic character of Europeanization where the feedback provided by Greece helped in the refinement of the EU's guidelines and policy recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epa2.70040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147618023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Transactional Trajectories of Policy Solutions How French Government Domesticated the Shale Gas Problem and Its Owners","authors":"Sébastien Chailleux,&nbsp;Philippe Zittoun","doi":"10.1002/epa2.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/epa2.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The article examines the development of three successive policy proposals for shale gas exploration in France, highlighting the transactional trajectories of each. Using a policy transactional perspective, it demonstrates how policy solutions are shaped by both definition and appropriation. Policy proposals emerge through the redefinition of the problem they address, with this process also assigning roles and identities to various actors, casting them as victims, culprits, or heroes within a causal narrative. This definitional work is further influenced by the appropriation (or lack thereof) of key allies. As such, each proposal reflects a sense of ownership. The rules of appropriation differ depending on the primary debate space in which the proposal is developed. This variation accounts for why some policymakers can adapt their positions, while others cannot.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":"11 4","pages":"460-474"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145887364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing the Policy Transaction Perspective","authors":"Christopher Ansell,&nbsp;Patrick Hassenteufel,&nbsp;Philippe Zittoun","doi":"10.1002/epa2.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/epa2.70028","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;This special issue of &lt;i&gt;European Policy Analysis&lt;/i&gt; introduces the policy transaction perspective. As developed at length in the special issue article by Ansell et al. (&lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;), the policy transaction perspective seeks to combine ideas drawn from social constructivism and the philosophy of pragmatism to produce a distinctive approach to understanding the policy process. Social constructivist perspectives focus on how ideas (Béland &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;), discourses (Durnova et al. &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;), stories (Stone &lt;span&gt;1989&lt;/span&gt;), and narratives (Roe &lt;span&gt;1994&lt;/span&gt;) shape policy framing and problem definition (Rochefort and Cobb &lt;span&gt;1994&lt;/span&gt;). Pragmatism advances a relational and processual philosophy that greatly inspired early work on public policy, particularly the work of Harold Lasswell (Dunn &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). Harnessing them together, social constructivism and pragmatism advance our understanding of the relational processes that give meaning to public policy and public problems.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As set out by Ansell et al. (&lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;), the pragmatist idea of &lt;i&gt;transaction&lt;/i&gt; is the central linchpin of this approach. To emphasize what is distinctive about the transaction from a pragmatist perspective, it may be helpful to insert a hyphen between “trans” and “action” to remind us of the term's particular meaning. While the term “transaction” often refers to an exchange, the Latin prefix “trans” implies something that cuts through or runs across. John Dewey and Arthur Bentley (&lt;span&gt;1946&lt;/span&gt;) used the term to describe the difficulty of decomposing a relational process into its separate elements (in contrast with the term “interaction”). In social constructivist terms, a transaction is a relational process that produces a “co-construction” of elements, which may be narratives, identities or frames. The fundamental idea of the policy transaction perspective is to pay close attention to how public policy elements—interests, values, identities--are co-constructed through a relational process.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;From a static or structural perspective, it is difficult to perceive the co-constructed nature of public policy. From such a perspective, interests, values and identities appear primordial or essential and thus as fixed starting points for analysis. By contrast, as Ansell et al. (&lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;) elaborate, pragmatism adopts a strong process orientation and presumes greater fluidity of policy interests, values and identities. As a result, it focuses on “problematization” as a process rather than on “problem” as a fixed object, or on “valuation” as a process rather than on “value” as a given entity. By doing this, the policy transaction perspective prioritizes understanding how things become what they are. To achieve such insights, the policy transaction perspective suggests that we must zero-in on the situations where these co-construction processes occur. Such situations might include planning meetings, parliamentary heari","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":"11 4","pages":"438-440"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epa2.70028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145887363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Putting Out Fires With Institutional Reforms: Experts as Policy Entrepreneurs in the Swedish Fire and Rescue Policy Sector, 1986–2021","authors":"Kerstin Eriksson,&nbsp;Evangelia Petridou,&nbsp;Gertrud Alirani,&nbsp;Roine Johansson","doi":"10.1002/epa2.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/epa2.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines the fire and rescue services sector in Sweden in the period 1986–2021, and explains the timing of bureaucratic reforms using the Multiple Streams Framework (MSF). In this study, we insert institutions in MSF by employing a two-level analysis; we highlight the interactions among experts acting as policy entrepreneurs over time and during a large window of opportunity, and we show that in a programmatically complex policy during a large window of opportunity open for a long period of time, policymakers may become proactive and engage in commissioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":"11 3","pages":"420-432"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epa2.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144910114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical Advances in the Scholarship of Policy Entrepreneurship: Drawing From Disparate Literatures, Expanding the Empirical Field","authors":"Evangelia Petridou,&nbsp;Jörgen Sparf,&nbsp;Gordon Shockley","doi":"10.1002/epa2.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/epa2.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This symposium examines the theoretical and empirical advancement of policy entrepreneurship scholarship, addressing a field that has grown significantly over the past four decades. This symposium contributes to the theoretical advancement of policy entrepreneurship through five papers that integrate modern entrepreneurship literature, synthesize frameworks into new models, and explore policy entrepreneurship across diverse contexts. Contributions include Hand and Birkhead's integration of opportunity creation theories and identification of distinct “species” of policy entrepreneurs, and Arslangulov and Ackrill's Multi-Level Governance and Strategy model for sustainability transitions. Arnold et al. demonstrate that policy entrepreneurship may enhance transformative governance capacity more than fiscal or political resources, while Taylor et al. extend research beyond elite influence to examine public behavior during policy implementation. Finally, Eriksson et al., explore expert-entrepreneurs' persistence in reorganizing Sweden's fire and rescue services. The symposium addresses policy entrepreneurship's relevance in increasingly complex policy environments spanning multiple domains and jurisdictions facing transformation pressures. Future research directions include challenging the normativity of policy entrepreneurship, establishing rigorous identification methods, and developing sophisticated measures beyond binary classifications. The work emphasizes the importance of micro-level policymaking dynamics, particularly when institutions fail to preserve democratic values in crisis contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":"11 3","pages":"298-302"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epa2.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144909950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Practice of Alliance-Building: How the Contested NATO Enhanced Forward Presence Came to Life?","authors":"Emilija Pundziūtė-Gallois","doi":"10.1002/epa2.70014","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epa2.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Traditional theoretical approaches, which draw on International Relations, Foreign Policy Analysis or Policy Studies to analyse international public policymaking, reveal some important aspects of global governance, but fail to account for the complexity, unpredictability and even messiness of the multilateral diplomatic deliberations, reported by practitioners. Through a detailed discussion of how NATO established the policy of enhanced Forward Presence between 2014 and 2016, this article argues that pragmatic approach to studying policymaking in international organizations is especially useful, as it recognizes the fluidity of the policy process, its relational and nonlinear character, and acknowledges the multiplicity of actors with shifting identities and interests, deliberating in loosely defined spaces. The toolbox of concepts— problematization, valuation, interessment and enrolment—proposed by policy transaction approach, helpfully illuminates empirical observations about international politics and diplomacy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":"11 4","pages":"493-504"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145887895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adopting an Integrated Strategy in Local Policy Design: Agenda Content Diversity, Policy Capacities, and Policy Feedback Effects in Urban Policies as Multi-Level Policy Mixes: The Urban Dimension of the European Union Cohesion Policy in Spain (1994–2020)","authors":"María José Dorado-Rubín,&nbsp;Clemente J. Navarro,&nbsp;María José Guerrero-Mayo","doi":"10.1002/epa2.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/epa2.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Policy integration is seen as an appropriate strategy to address urban problems and promote sustainable urban development objectives. The European Union (EU) has been including this strategy as an essential aspect of its urban initiatives since the 1990s. In that way, local authorities have designed their projects including the integration strategy. However, are municipalities finally adopting the strategy, and what factors explain this? To answer these questions, aspects related to the complexity of the projects, the political organizational capacities and the existence of political learning processes have been studied. Some 171 sustainable urban development projects implemented in Spain in the framework of the EU during the 2014–2020 period are analyzed. Regression models show the influence of goal diversity and political capabilities, but not of previous experience, showing the drawbacks of urban policies as multi-level policy mixes and the need for capacity building process among municipalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epa2.70011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147323819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}