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Context matters—different entrepreneurial approaches among street-level bureaucrats enhancing digital inclusion 背景很重要——街头官僚之间不同的创业方法增强了数字包容
IF 5
European Policy Analysis Pub Date : 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1002/epa2.1197
Elin Wihlborg, Helena Iacobaeus
{"title":"Context matters—different entrepreneurial approaches among street-level bureaucrats enhancing digital inclusion","authors":"Elin Wihlborg,&nbsp;Helena Iacobaeus","doi":"10.1002/epa2.1197","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epa2.1197","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Digital technology is frequently used in the delivery of public services. Since not everyone has the skills or digital access required to use such digital services, street-level bureaucrats must find new ways to support citizens to be able to enhance digital inclusion. In most public settings, these new practices of digital support need to be developed in parallel with the street-level bureaucrats' ordinary assignments. This article analyses the development of street-level bureaucrats' entrepreneurial and innovative practices in promoting digital inclusion in two spheres: conventional welfare service provision and in a project-based welfare service provision initiative explicitly intended to enhance digital inclusion. The article builds on qualitative case studies in municipalities in Sweden and demonstrates that there are more openings for innovative, entrepreneurial solutions among street-level bureaucrats in the more project-based setting than in the conventional welfare services. This implies that context matters for street-level entrepreneurial approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":"9 4","pages":"379-396"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epa2.1197","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135934796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Street level bureaucrats, policy entrepreneurship, and discretion in enforcing bans on motorcycle taxis in Lagos, Nigeria 在尼日利亚拉各斯，街头官僚、政策企业家和执行摩托车禁令的自由裁量权
IF 5
European Policy Analysis Pub Date : 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1002/epa2.1196
Rob Ackrill, Eghosa Igudia, Olasunmbo Olusanya, Basirat Oyalowo
{"title":"Street level bureaucrats, policy entrepreneurship, and discretion in enforcing bans on motorcycle taxis in Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"Rob Ackrill,&nbsp;Eghosa Igudia,&nbsp;Olasunmbo Olusanya,&nbsp;Basirat Oyalowo","doi":"10.1002/epa2.1196","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epa2.1196","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recently, the authorities in Lagos have implemented policies progressively restricting the operation of okadas (motorcycle taxis). We analyze the enforcement of these measures through the lens of street-level bureaucrats (SLBs) and street-level policy entrepreneurs (SLPEs). Doing so, we introduce two novel features into the literature. First, the extant literature focuses primarily on policies that deliver public services, whereas policies can also control proscribed behavior. We refer to these as service delivery and regulation, respectively. Second, the exercise of discretion by SLBs and SLPEs can result in both “underenforcement” and “overenforcement” of regulatory policies, the latter potentially involving breaking the law. Drawing on extensive fieldwork in Lagos between 2021 and 2023, we find strong evidence of both underenforcement and overenforcement of okada bans over time, but with more overenforcement. This offers important insights conceptually for the SLPE literature and empirically to the challenges of policing urban Lagos.</p>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":"9 4","pages":"440-464"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epa2.1196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135973682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Blame-avoidance and fragmented crisis management during the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland 瑞士 COVID-19 大流行期间的避责和零散危机管理
IF 5
European Policy Analysis Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.1002/epa2.1194
Céline Mavrot, Fritz Sager
{"title":"Blame-avoidance and fragmented crisis management during the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland","authors":"Céline Mavrot,&nbsp;Fritz Sager","doi":"10.1002/epa2.1194","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epa2.1194","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article studies how the prolonged pandemic situation impacted crisis governance in the federalized governance system of Switzerland. It examines how in this acute crisis situation, the responsibility for decision-making fluctuated among governance levels, placing subnational states in a situation of uncertainty that caused a <i>fragmented crisis management</i>, and therefore suboptimal policy learning processes. The study is based on the case of COVID-19 governance in Switzerland, where, as in many other European countries, the management of the first pandemic wave was very centralized. However, the federal government avoided taking a strong lead during the subsequent waves. Consequently, pandemic management was marked by numerous fluctuations regarding who was in charge of the main COVID-19 decisions between the federal and subnational governance levels. A media analysis (February 2020–March 2022) and an analysis of the gray literature show that crisis governance and policy learning processes were scattered across levels of governance, which impeded the accumulation of knowledge and know-how. The article analyses how crises can give way to blame games between the levels of governance, thus hampering a coordinated crisis management and policy learning processes across the different stages of the pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":"10 1","pages":"61-83"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135168521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Policy feedback and the enforcement of international wildlife treaties in Germany 政策反馈与国际野生生物条约在德国的实施
IF 5
European Policy Analysis Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1002/epa2.1192
Kayla M. Gabehart, Allegra H. Fullerton, Christoph H. Stefes
{"title":"Policy feedback and the enforcement of international wildlife treaties in Germany","authors":"Kayla M. Gabehart,&nbsp;Allegra H. Fullerton,&nbsp;Christoph H. Stefes","doi":"10.1002/epa2.1192","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epa2.1192","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Laws are only as good as their enforcement. International treaties are no exception. We investigate how Germany implements international wildlife protection treaties, namely the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora and the Bern Convention. We find that Germany's federal system allows for uneven enforcement of national legislation across the 16 federal states. We utilize Policy Feedback Theory as a theoretical lens to examine how federalism (re-)produces different enforcement regimes. We rely on qualitative analysis of interviews of German street-level bureaucrats, government officials, and NGO representatives. We find that macrolevel context impacts how institutions enforce wildlife protection policies. Particularly, Germany's federal structure permits either centralized, decentralized, or cooperative arrangements that result in differences in resources, affecting the ways bureaucrats view their roles and responsibilities. These resource and interpretive effects further feedback into the contextual structure of the federal enforcement system.</p>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":"10 1","pages":"10-38"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136033060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How ideas shape the EU's climate policy: Moving toward the sufficiency paradigm for the EU ETS 理念如何影响欧盟的气候政策：向欧盟排放交易计划的充足性范式迈进
IF 5
European Policy Analysis Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1002/epa2.1186
Daniel Wennick
{"title":"How ideas shape the EU's climate policy: Moving toward the sufficiency paradigm for the EU ETS","authors":"Daniel Wennick","doi":"10.1002/epa2.1186","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epa2.1186","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines the paradigm shifts in the European Union's (EU's) climate policy from 2009 to 2022 looking closer at the main policy instrument of EU's climate policy, the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). The paradigm shifts of the EU ETS are linked to the climate policy paradigms prometheanism/growth unlimited (PGU), ecological modernization (EM), and sufficiency. The question of how ideas have shaped EU climate policy and the EU ETS in the past decade is answered, with the establishment of the EM paradigm and moving toward the sufficiency paradigm. There is a need for more research looking closer at how this paradigm shift impacts legislation for climate policy going forward.</p>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":"10 2","pages":"206-224"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epa2.1186","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135969318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Party politics and the shaping of migration policy in the Council of Ministers 部长会议中的政党政治与移民政策的制定
IF 5
European Policy Analysis Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1002/epa2.1193
Simon Fink
{"title":"Party politics and the shaping of migration policy in the Council of Ministers","authors":"Simon Fink","doi":"10.1002/epa2.1193","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epa2.1193","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Council of Ministers is still the European Union's decision-making center in migration policy. However, we know little about the determinants of member state's policy positions. This article tests three hypotheses: member state positions might be influenced by socioeconomic conditions, by public opinion, or by partisan preferences. We conduct a quantitative analysis of two legislative proposals at the intersection of migration and welfare policy (the returns directive, COD/2005/167 and the social security regulation, 2016/0397/COD) using member state positions as the dependent variable. The result is that different factors are important for positioning on the two proposals: member state positions on the returns directive are correlated with public opinion, while their positions on the social security regulation are correlated with party positions, especially the position of the economically rightmost coalition partner. Thus, our study takes issue with the argument that migration politics in the Council are disconnected from the domestic arena.</p>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":"10 1","pages":"128-151"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epa2.1193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136212509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bricolage and beyond: Bringing modern entrepreneurship theories to bear on policy entrepreneurship 拼凑与超越:将现代创业理论应用于政策创业
European Policy Analysis Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1002/epa2.1189
Mark C. Hand, Colin Birkhead
{"title":"Bricolage and beyond: Bringing modern entrepreneurship theories to bear on policy entrepreneurship","authors":"Mark C. Hand, Colin Birkhead","doi":"10.1002/epa2.1189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/epa2.1189","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Who makes policy change happen, and how? Public policy scholars now take more seriously the role of agency in the policy process, and in particular the role of policy entrepreneurship, a contested term built mostly from classical, economic conceptions of entrepreneurship from the mid‐20th century. In this study, we introduce policy scholars to modern theories of entrepreneurship from sociology and management scholarship, including cultural entrepreneurship, effectuation, bricolage, and entrepreneurial assembly. We show that theories connect more easily with major theories of the policy process more easily than classical theories do and argue policy scholars should make room for multiple policy entrepreneurship archetypes. We also give three examples—organizational imprinting, the small firm effect, and survivorship bias—of the readymade research agenda modern entrepreneurship theories offer to policy entrepreneurship scholars. Finally, we show how these theories help policy scholars build bridges to other political science subfields.","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135645603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Macrolevel factors encouraging bureaucratic policy entrepreneurship: The case of religion and state in Israel 鼓励官僚政策创业的宏观因素：以色列的宗教与国家案例
IF 5
European Policy Analysis Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.1002/epa2.1191
Niva Golan-Nadir
{"title":"Macrolevel factors encouraging bureaucratic policy entrepreneurship: The case of religion and state in Israel","authors":"Niva Golan-Nadir","doi":"10.1002/epa2.1191","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epa2.1191","url":null,"abstract":"<p>How do external macrolevel factors encourage bureaucrats to become policy entrepreneurs? And what are their organizational goals in pursuing entrepreneurship? Contrary to traditional public choice literature on bureaucracy that sees the latter as change-resistant, this study stresses that bureaucracies can and do change; they are not as insulated from reformist pressure. In this study, we lay the conditions under which change occurs, making bureaucrats—policy entrepreneurs. We argue that: (1) bureaucratic inefficiency, leading to (2) societal pressure as expressed by public opinion, and consequently to (3) pressure from potential new providers offering bottom-up competition, will encourage bureaucrats to turn to policy entrepreneurship strategies. In addition, we assert that their goals in doing so are to modify and design efficient services, while protecting their monopoly on service provision. We test these claims by analyzing the state-religion dynamics in Israel, and specifically the case of the 2021 kosher food inspection reform.</p>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":"10 2","pages":"253-278"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epa2.1191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136152326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Policy entrepreneurship on the street-level: A systematic literature review 街道层面的政策企业家精神:系统的文献综述
IF 5
European Policy Analysis Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.1002/epa2.1187
Ofek Edri-Peer, Mariana Costa Silveira, Maayan Davidovitz, Neomi Frisch-Aviram, Jamal Shehade, Hadeel Diab, Niva Golan-Nadir, Nissim Cohen
{"title":"Policy entrepreneurship on the street-level: A systematic literature review","authors":"Ofek Edri-Peer,&nbsp;Mariana Costa Silveira,&nbsp;Maayan Davidovitz,&nbsp;Neomi Frisch-Aviram,&nbsp;Jamal Shehade,&nbsp;Hadeel Diab,&nbsp;Niva Golan-Nadir,&nbsp;Nissim Cohen","doi":"10.1002/epa2.1187","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epa2.1187","url":null,"abstract":"<p>What are the differences between policy entrepreneurship and street-level policy entrepreneurship? The research on street-level policy entrepreneurship is still in its infancy, yet in the past few years, it has received greater research attention. This article systematically reviews the current research published on this topic and compares it to previous findings on policy entrepreneurs. Our findings provide an analysis of street-level policy entrepreneurs' characteristics, motivations, traits, and strategies, differentiating types of street-level bureaucrats (SLBs). We also find three new strategies unique to SLBs: consistency over time, learning from others, and seeking legitimacy. We conclude by identifying the main differences between traditional entrepreneurs and street-level entrepreneurs and providing suggestions for further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":"9 4","pages":"356-378"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epa2.1187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136153843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Parliamentary oversight of emergency measures and policies: A safeguard of democracy during a crisis? 议会对紧急措施和政策的监督：危机期间的民主保障？
IF 5
European Policy Analysis Pub Date : 2023-09-19 DOI: 10.1002/epa2.1190
Mikko Värttö
{"title":"Parliamentary oversight of emergency measures and policies: A safeguard of democracy during a crisis?","authors":"Mikko Värttö","doi":"10.1002/epa2.1190","DOIUrl":"10.1002/epa2.1190","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article discusses the role of parliamentary oversight of emergency measures and policies in increasing democratic resilience and recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. The study on the Finnish Parliament is conducted by analyzing the statements of the Constitutional Law Committee, whose role is to conduct a parliamentary constitutional review of governmental bills. The main focus of the analysis is on the Committee's reviews of the constitutionality of the emergency measures and the procedures of law drafting. The research indicates that the committee considered the restrictions and exceptions of fundamental rights as proportional and necessary to prevent the overburdening of the healthcare system in most cases. However, the justifications for the emergency measures were often lacking, and the parliament's right to receive information was compromised. These deficits undermined the Parliament's capacity to oversee emergency measures and policies. The parliamentary constitutional review during the pandemic could still serve a critical complementary function by protecting fundamental rights and democratic values.</p>","PeriodicalId":52190,"journal":{"name":"European Policy Analysis","volume":"10 1","pages":"84-100"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/epa2.1190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135063741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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