{"title":"Development of postural stability in children with autism spectrum disorder: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Yumeng Li, Ting Liu, Carrie E Venuti","doi":"10.1080/23335432.2021.1968316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23335432.2021.1968316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose was to investigate the effects of age on postural stability for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Twenty-nine children with mild ASD were assigned into one of the three groups: 6-8 years (U8), 9-11 years (U11) and 12-14 years (U14). Participants stood barefoot with both feet on a force platform and maintained stationary for 15 seconds during eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions. Center of pressure data were collected and variables were calculated, including displacements, total distances, sway areas, and sample entropy. The variables were compared among the three groups using a mixed-model ANOVA. The <i>age group</i> effect was significant for mediolateral center of pressure displacement (<i>p = </i>0.04) and sway distance (<i>p = </i>0.02). Post-hoc comparisons revealed that U8 exhibited greater mediolateral displacement and total distance compared to U14, regardless of test conditions. The U14 group exhibited improved mediolateral postural stability compared to U8, whereas no differences were found between U8 and U11 or between U11 and U14. This may suggest that children with ASD could slowly develop postural stability but only demonstrate significant changes over a long period of time. Early intervention programs aimed to improve complexity of postural control could be beneficial.</p>","PeriodicalId":52124,"journal":{"name":"International Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"54-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8381937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39341918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Detection of knee wobbling as a screen to identify athletes who may be at high risk for ACL injury.","authors":"Akino Aoki, Satoshi Kubota, Kosuke Morinaga, Naiquan Nigel Zheng, Shangcheng Sam Wang, Kazuyoshi Gamada","doi":"10.1080/23335432.2021.1936175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23335432.2021.1936175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study developed a method to detect knee wobbling (KW) at low knee flexion. KW consists of quick uncontrollable medio-lateral knee movements without knee flexion, which may indicate a risk of ACL injury. Ten female athletes were recorded while performing slow, single-leg squats. Using motion capture data, the ratio of the frontal angular velocity to sagittal angular velocity (F/S) was calculated. An 'F/S spike' was defined when the F/S ratio exceeded 100%. The number of F/S spikes was counted before and after low-pass filtering at different cut-off frequencies. Intraclass correlation coefficients for KW and filtered F/S spike were analysed. KWs per squat cycle showed a median (range) of 3 (2-8) times. F/S spikes before and after low-pass filtering at 3-, 6-, 10-, and 15-Hz were 51 (12-108), 2 (0-6), 3 (1-12), 5 (2-21), and 9 (3-33) times, respectively. KWs and F/S spikes on motion capture with 6-Hz, low-pass filtering were well correlated (<i>r</i> = 0 .76). Median percentages of valgus and varus F/S spikes were 71% and 29%, respectively. After 6Hz, low-pass filtering, the number of F/S spikes was strongly correlated with observed KWs. An F/S spike assessment may be used to objectively detect KW, including flexion and varus/valgus angular velocity.</p>","PeriodicalId":52124,"journal":{"name":"International Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"30-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/51/4a/TBBE_8_1936175.PMC8330762.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39267472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paul Jonathan Roch, Dominik Saul, Nikolai Wüstefeld, Stefan Spiering, Wolfgang Lehmann, Lukas Weiser, Martin Michael Wachowski
{"title":"The impact of bilateral facetectomy on the instantaneous helical axis of the functional thoracic spinal unit T4-5 during axial rotation.","authors":"Paul Jonathan Roch, Dominik Saul, Nikolai Wüstefeld, Stefan Spiering, Wolfgang Lehmann, Lukas Weiser, Martin Michael Wachowski","doi":"10.1080/23335432.2021.1958059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23335432.2021.1958059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The location of the instantaneous helical axis (IHA) and the impact of the facet joints (FJ) on the kinematics in the thoracic spine remain inconclusive. This study aimed to examine the IHA in the functional spinal unit (FSU) T4-5 during axial rotation in intact conditions and after bilateral facetectomy. Four human T4-5 FSUs were examined with an established 6D measuring apparatus in intact conditions and after bilateral facetectomy. The IHA's parameters migration, location, and direction in the horizontal plane were calculated. Defined preloads in different positions were applied. Under the intact conditions, the IHA migrated about 4 mm and from one to the contralateral side according to the applied preload. The location of the IHA was observed in the anterior part of the spinal canal. After bilateral facetectomy, the location of the IHA shifted ventrally about 10 mm compared to the intact conditions. Under intact conditions, the direction of the IHA was minimally dorsally reclined. After bilateral facetectomy, the IHA was significantly more ventrally inclined. The study determined the location of the IHA under intact conditions at the anterior part of the spinal canal. The IHA of the FSU T4-5 is substantially influenced by the guidance of the FJs.</p>","PeriodicalId":52124,"journal":{"name":"International Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"42-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23335432.2021.1958059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39278182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J W Fox, A E Jagodinsky, C M Wilburn, L Smallwood, W H Weimar
{"title":"Lower extremity joints and their contributions to whole limb extension.","authors":"J W Fox, A E Jagodinsky, C M Wilburn, L Smallwood, W H Weimar","doi":"10.1080/23335432.2019.1695540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23335432.2019.1695540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lower extremity multi-joint strength curves tend not to evaluate individual joint contributions to endpoint force in maximum effort isometric whole limb extension. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure the contribution of the hip, knee, and ankle to vertical ground reaction force in maximum effort isometric whole limb extension at various postures. An effect of posture on the contributions of the hip, knee, and ankle to vertical ground reaction force was found (<i>F<sub>(3,96)</sub></i> = 85.31, <i>p</i> < 0.0001; <i>F<sub>(3,96)</sub></i> = 21.32, <i>p</i> < 0.0001; <i>F<sub>(3,96)</sub></i> = 130.61, <i>p</i> < 0.0001 for the hip, knee, and ankle, respectively). The hip and knee contributed most to vertical endpoint force when the lower limb was in a flexed posture, and their contributions decreased when posture was extended. Conversely, the ankle contributed least when the limb was flexed, but its contribution increased as posture was changed from flexed to more extended. In comparison to recent research involving induced acceleration analysis, it appears that the hip, knee, and ankle utilize the same force allocation strategy in multi-joint maximum effort isometric leg extensions and activities of daily living.</p>","PeriodicalId":52124,"journal":{"name":"International Biomechanics","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23335432.2019.1695540","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9921616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical gait analysis and physical examination don't correlate with physical activity of children with cerebral palsy. Cross-sectional study.","authors":"Anne-Laure Guinet, Khouri Néjib, Desailly Eric","doi":"10.1080/23335432.2020.1812429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23335432.2020.1812429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gait analysis and physical clinical measures are usually performed in children with cerebral palsy to help the surgeons make therapeutic decision. However, the level of physical activity in daily life is not systematically assessed. The aim of this cross sectional study was to examine the correlations between: three-dimensional gait analysis kinematic and spatiotemporal parameters, clinical measures and physical activity. Participants were 30 children with cerebral palsy (10-18 y), with GMFCS I-III. Daily physical activity was measured with an Actigraph GT3X accelerometer in free living environment during seven consecutive days. The percent of time spent in sedentary, in moderate to vigorous physical activity and the number of steps per day were computed from the accelerometer data. Kinematics parameters did not correlate with physical activity. Moderate correlations were found between spatio-temporal parameters and physical activity, for instance timing of toe-off (r = -0.40, p = 0.03). Few physical examination parameters were correlated with physical activity, such as the hip flexors selective motor control (r = 0.69 with moderate to vigorous activity and r = 0.70 with steps per day, p < 0.05). The physical activity profile cannot be sufficiently determined by a combination of clinical measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":52124,"journal":{"name":"International Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"88-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23335432.2020.1812429","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38990389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dimitrios Sokratis Komaris, Cheral Govind, Jon Clarke, Alistair Ewen, Artaban Jeldi, Andrew Murphy, Philip Riches
{"title":"Identifying car ingress movement strategies before and after total knee replacement.","authors":"Dimitrios Sokratis Komaris, Cheral Govind, Jon Clarke, Alistair Ewen, Artaban Jeldi, Andrew Murphy, Philip Riches","doi":"10.1080/23335432.2020.1716847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23335432.2020.1716847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Post-operative performance of knee bearings is typically assessed in activities of daily living by means of motion capture. Biomechanical studies predominantly explore common tasks such as walking, standing and stair climbing, while overlooking equally demanding activities such as embarking a vehicle. <b>Aims</b>: The aim of this work is to evaluate changes in the movement habits of patients after total knee arthroplasty surgery in comparison to healthy age-matched control participants. <b>Methods</b>: A mock-up car was fabricated based on the architecture of a common vehicle. Ten control participants and 10 patients with severe osteoarthritis of the knee attended a single- and three-motion capture session(s), respectively. Participants were asked to enter the car and sit comfortably adopting a driving position. Three trials per session were used for the identification of movement strategies by means of hierarchical clustering. Task completion time was also measured. <b>Results</b>: Patients' movement behaviour didn't change significantly following total knee arthroplasty surgery. Control participants favoured different movement strategies compared to patients post-operatively. Group membership, height and sidedness of the affected joint were found to be non-significant in task completion time. <b>Conclusion</b>: This study describes an alternative movement identification technique for the analysis of the ingress movement that may be used to clinically assess knee bearings and aid in movement simulations and vehicle design.</p>","PeriodicalId":52124,"journal":{"name":"International Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"9-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23335432.2020.1716847","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38990391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomoki Oshikawa, Yasuhiro Morimoto, Gen Adachi, Hiroshi Akuzawa, Koji Kaneoka
{"title":"Changes in lumbar kinematics and trunk muscle electromyographic activity during baseball batting under psychological pressure.","authors":"Tomoki Oshikawa, Yasuhiro Morimoto, Gen Adachi, Hiroshi Akuzawa, Koji Kaneoka","doi":"10.1080/23335432.2020.1811765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23335432.2020.1811765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychological pressure during sports competition disturbs the ideal physical movement and causes injury. Baseball batting frequently causes trunk injuries. This study aimed to examine the influence of psychological pressure on the lumbar kinematics and trunk muscle activity during the baseball batting. Fourteen collegiate baseball players participated in this study. The participants performed bat swings under three different psychological conditions (non-pressure, pressure, and emphasized pressure). The lumbar kinematics and trunk muscle activity were measured during each bat swing. One- and two-way analyses of variance were performed to compare the lumbar kinematics and trunk muscle activity among different psychological pressure conditions. The lumbar flexion angle throughout the bat swing in the swing phase, from the moment of ground contact of the lead foot to the moment of ball contact, was significantly larger under the pressure and emphasized pressure conditions than under the non-pressure condition (P<0.05). The bilateral lumbar erector spinae (LES) activities in the swing and follow-through phases were significantly higher under the emphasized pressure condition than under the non-pressure condition (P<0.05). These results indicate that the baseball batting under psychological pressure influenced the lumbar kinematics and bilateral LES activities and may be related to the development of low back pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":52124,"journal":{"name":"International Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"66-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23335432.2020.1811765","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38990392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A computational study of mechanical properties of collagen-based bio-composites.","authors":"Marco Fielder, Arun K Nair","doi":"10.1080/23335432.2020.1812428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23335432.2020.1812428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studying changes in collagen deformation behavior at the nanoscale due to variations in mineralization and hydration is important for characterizing and developing collagen-based bio-composites. Recent studies also find that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) show promise as a reinforcing material for collagenous bio-composites. Currently, the effects of variation in mineral, water, and CNT content on collagen gap and overlap region mechanics during compression is unexplored. We use molecular dynamics simulations to investigate how variations in mineral, water, and CNT contents of collagen bio-composites in compression change their deformation behavior and thermal properties. Results indicate that variations in mineral and water content affect the collagen structure due to expansion or contraction of the gap and overlap regions. The deformation mechanisms of the gap and overlap regions also change. The presence of CNTs in non-mineralized collagen reduces the deformation of the gap region and increases the bio-composite elastic modulus to ranges comparable to mineralized collagen. The collagen/CNT bio-composites are also determined to have a higher specific heat than the studied mineralized collagen bio-composites, making them more likely to be resistant to thermal damage that could occur during implantation or functional use of a collagen collagen/CNT bio-composite biomaterial.</p>","PeriodicalId":52124,"journal":{"name":"International Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"76-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23335432.2020.1812428","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38990393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jamie E Hibbert, Anthony S Kulas, Patrick M Rider, Zachary J Domire
{"title":"Practice day may be unnecessary prior to testing knee extensor strength in young healthy adults.","authors":"Jamie E Hibbert, Anthony S Kulas, Patrick M Rider, Zachary J Domire","doi":"10.1080/23335432.2020.1766997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23335432.2020.1766997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A practice session is common prior to strength testing. However, the benefits of practice have not been previously reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a practice session on peak torque, mean torque and between trial variability across three test days. We hypothesized that peak and mean torque would be higher and less variable the second and third test days than the first. Twenty-five healthy, young participants completed 3 maximal voluntary isometric and isokinetic knee extensions on three separate days. No difference in isometric torque was found between days 1 and 2, but there was a significant decrease in isokinetic torque (8.45 Nm). There was a significant decrease in both mean isometric and isokinetic torque from day 1 to day 3 (12.67 and 13.59 Nm). Contrary to our hypothesis, no benefit from a practice session was found. Healthy, young adults are able to produce peak knee extensor torques on the first day of testing and do not demonstrate any benefit from additional testing. Thus, a practice day preceding isometric and isokinetic knee extensor strength testing may not be necessary when testing healthy, young participants, and may, in fact, negatively impact subsequent strength measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":52124,"journal":{"name":"International Biomechanics","volume":"7 1","pages":"58-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23335432.2020.1766997","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9975860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ishan Khan, Loan Bui, Robert Bachoo, Young-Tae Kim, Cheng-Jen Chuong
{"title":"Differences in creep response of GBM cells migrating in confinement.","authors":"Ishan Khan, Loan Bui, Robert Bachoo, Young-Tae Kim, Cheng-Jen Chuong","doi":"10.1080/23335432.2020.1757509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23335432.2020.1757509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using a microfluidic platform to apply negative aspiration pressure (-20, -25, -30, -35 and -40 cm H<sub>2</sub>O), we compared the differences in creep responses of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) cells while migrating in confinement and at a stationary state on a 2D substrate. Cells were either migrating in a channel of 5 x 5 μm cross-section or stationary at the entrance to the channel. In response to aspiration pressure, we found actively migrating GBM cells exhibited a higher stiffness than stationary cells. Additionally, migrating cells absorbed more energy elastically with a relatively small dissipative energy loss. At elevated negative pressure loads up to - 30 cm H<sub>2</sub>O, we observed a linear increase in elastic deformation and a higher distribution in elastic storage than energy loss, and the response plateaued at further increasing negative pressure loads. To explore the underlying cause, we carried out immuno-cytochemical studies of these cells and found a polarized actin and myosin distribution at the front and posterior ends of the migrating cells, whereas the distribution of the stationary group demonstrated no specific regional differences. These differences in creep response and cytoskeletal protein distribution demonstrate the importance of a migrating cell's kinematic state to the mechanism of cell migration.</p>","PeriodicalId":52124,"journal":{"name":"International Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"44-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23335432.2020.1757509","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38908223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}