The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale最新文献

{"title":"Is Myasthenia Gravis a Real Complication of the COVID-19 Vaccine? A Case Report-Based Systematic Review.","authors":"Omid Mirmosayyeb,&nbsp;Elham Moases Ghaffary,&nbsp;Mahsa Mazdak,&nbsp;Zahra Bagheri,&nbsp;Sara Bagherieh,&nbsp;Vahid Shaygannejad","doi":"10.1155/2022/5009450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5009450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular, autoimmune disease that causes weakness by impairing neuromuscular transmission. According to reports, vaccines can lead to autoimmunity in different ways, and COVID-19 vaccines are suggested to trigger MG. We conducted this systematic review to assess MG patients after the COVID-19 vaccination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected 231 studies from four databases from inception to 26 March 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>4 case studies were selected from 231 research studies, and data were extracted based on inclusion criteria. In all cases, MG was reported following COVID-19 vaccination. Symptoms such as muscle weakness, numbness, and ptosis were common. The MG was confirmed through RNST, MRC, NCS, and AchR-binding antibody titer tests.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although all cases of MG were diagnosed following appropriate tests, the sample size was small; therefore, further investigation is required to demonstrate the possible association between MG and COVID-19 vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"5009450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9509275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40376300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> and <i>Colletotrichum musae</i> Associated with Wilt Disease of <i>Coffea arabica</i> in Coffee Gardens in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Zarraq Al-Faifi,&nbsp;Wail Alsolami,&nbsp;Emad Abada,&nbsp;Habib Khemira,&nbsp;Ghaliah Almalki,&nbsp;Yosra Modafer","doi":"10.1155/2022/3050495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3050495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to identify if <i>Fusarium</i> and <i>Colletotrichum</i> species are linked to coffee leaf wilt symptoms (<i>Coffea arabica</i> L.) gardens in Jazan region, Kingdom Saudi Arabia. The symptomatic wilted leaves and shoots were collected from Jazan Mountain Region Development Authority (JMRDA) farm in jabal Fifa. Samples of roots and leaves tissues were plated on Dox' Agar medium and incubated for one week at 24^oC. Two morphologically different fungus colonies grew on the medium. A PCR-based method was used for the molecular amplification and characterization of the fungi using a 18SrRNA specific primer. 1323 and 1501 bp PCR products were obtained by using the 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. The sequence analysis and genbank homology revealed that the present fungi were <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> and <i>Colletotrichum musae</i> with 99 and 98% similarity, respectively. Both fungi sequences were submitted to the genebank under accession numbers OP010081 and OP010082, respectively. This is the first report of these two genera of fungi infecting the roots and leaves of coffee trees in Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia and suggests that other fungus species may play a significant role as diseases in other coffee-producing areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"3050495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9484884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33466695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial Isolates and Antibacterial Resistance Patterns in a Patient with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Abdulhakim Mussema,&nbsp;Getenet Beyene,&nbsp;Mulatu Gashaw","doi":"10.1155/2022/9709253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9709253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality worldwide. The natural course of COPD is characterized by acute exacerbation. Infectious agents, particularly bacteria, cause exacerbation of COPD in the majority. This study aimed to determine the bacteriology and antibiotic resistance patterns among patients with acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) at Jimma Medical Center.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to October 2019. Demographic, clinical, and sputa samples were collected from 39 study participants, who were diagnosed with AECOPD. Bacterial pathogens were identified using standard bacteriological techniques, and anti-microbial susceptibility testing was done by Kirby Bauer's disk diffusion method. Extended-spectrum <i>β</i>-lactamase (ES<i>β</i>L) and carbapenemase production were confirmed by MASTTM D68C and MASTTM D73C combination disc sets, respectively. Chi-square and odds ratios were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 69.2% (27/39) of sputum samples were confirmed to be culture-positive. A total of 32 bacterial isolates with 78.1% (25/32) Gram-negative and 21.9% (7/32) Gram-positive bacteria were identified. The predominant bacterial isolates were <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> 21.9% (7/32), <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> 18.75% (6/32), and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> 15.62% (7/32). Overall, 30 (93.8%) of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). About 48% (12/25) and 8 (32%)of gram negative bacterial isolates were ESBL betalatemase and OXA-48 carbapenemase producers, respectively. Having two or more exacerbation experiences in the previous year were found to be important determinants of the sputum culture positivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High rates of MDR, ESBL, and carbapenemase producer bacteria were isolated from patients with AECOPD. Empiric antibiotic therapy should consider the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and the factor that may increase the occurrence of MDR bacterial pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"9709253"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9452998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33461890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hsa_circ_0000479/Hsa-miR-149-5p/RIG-I, IL-6 Axis: A Potential Novel Pathway to Regulate Immune Response against COVID-19.","authors":"Zahra Firoozi,&nbsp;Elham Mohammadisoleimani,&nbsp;Abbas Shahi,&nbsp;Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh,&nbsp;Ebrahim Mirzaei,&nbsp;Ali Ghanbari Asad,&nbsp;Zahra Salmanpour,&nbsp;Seyed Mohamad Javad Nouri,&nbsp;Yaser Mansoori","doi":"10.1155/2022/2762582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2762582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>COVID-19, the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to a global pandemic and mortality of people around the world. Some circular RNAs (circRNAs), one of the new types of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) and compete with mRNAs for shared miRNAs, to regulate gene expression. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the expression and roles of hsa_circ_0000479/hsa-miR-149-5p/RIG-I, IL-6 in COVID-19 infection.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>After extraction of total RNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 50 patients with symptomatic COVID-19, 50 patients with nonsymptomatic COVID-19, and 50 normal controls, cDNA synthesis was performed. Online <i>in silico</i> tools were applied to evaluate the interaction between the genes in the hsa_circ_0000479/hsa-miR-149-5p/RIG-I, IL-6 axis, and its role in COVID-19-related pathways. Quantification of the expression of these genes and confirmation of their interaction was done using the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The expression levels of hsa_circ_0000479, RIG-I, and IL-6 were increased in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls, while hsa-miR-149-5p expression was decreased. Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between hsa-miR-149-5p and hsa_circ_0000479, RIG-I, IL-6 expressions, and also a positive expression correlation between hsa_circ_0000479 and IL-6, RIG-I. Then, bioinformatics tools revealed the role of hsa_circ_0000479/hsa-miR-149-5p/RIG-I, IL-6 axis in PI3K-AKT and STAT3 signaling pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Upregulation of hsa_circ_0000479, RIG-I, and IL-6, and downregulation of hsa-miR-149-5p, along with correlation studies, indicate that hsa_circ_0000479/hsa-miR-149-5p/RIG-I, IL-6 axis could play a role in regulating the immune response against SARS-CoV-2. However, more studies are needed in this area.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"2762582"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9448594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33454223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Considerations in the Selection of Preexposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention in Canada.","authors":"David C Knox,&nbsp;Robert Pilarski,&nbsp;Harvinder S Dhunna,&nbsp;Amit Kaushal,&nbsp;Jonathan D Adachi","doi":"10.1155/2022/3913439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3913439","url":null,"abstract":"According to the Public Health Agency of Canada, approximately 62,050 people were living with HIV in Canada in 2018, and of those, 13% were undiagnosed. Currently, no single strategy provides complete protection or is universally effective across all demographic groups at risk for HIV. However, HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is the newest HIV prevention strategy that shows promise. To date, two products have received an indication for PrEP by Health Canada: emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Truvada®; FTC/TDF) and emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (Descovy®; FTC/TAF). Despite the high efficacy of these PrEP intervention methods, access to PrEP in Canada remains low. Identifying and addressing barriers to PrEP access, especially in high-risk groups, are necessary to reduce HIV transmission in Canada. While guidelines published by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) include FTC/TAF information, the efficacy of FTC/TAF for PrEP has not yet been considered in Canada's clinical practice guidelines. Thus, the current paper reviews data regarding the use of FTC/TDF and FTC/TAF for PrEP, which may be useful for Canadian healthcare providers when counseling and implementing HIV prevention methods. The authors highlight these data in relation to various at-risk populations and review ongoing clinical trials investigating novel PrEP agents. Overall, FTC/TDF PrEP is effective for many populations, including men who have sex with men, transgender women, heterosexuals with partners living with HIV, and people who use drugs. While there is fewer data reported on the efficacy of FTC/TAF to date, recent clinical trials have demonstrated noninferiority of FTC/TAF in comparison to FTC/TDF. Notably, as studies have shown that FTC/TAF maintains renal function and bone mineral density to a greater extent than FTC/TDF, FTC/TAF may be a safer option for patients experiencing renal and/or bone dysfunction, for those at risk of renal and bone complications, and for those who develop FTC/TDF-related adverse events.","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"3913439"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9448580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33454222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Outbreak of Coxsackievirus A6 Infection in Adults of a Collective Unit, China, 2019.","authors":"Yumeng Gao,&nbsp;Guangyuan Ma,&nbsp;Yong Xiao,&nbsp;Qun Cai,&nbsp;Yujun Chen,&nbsp;Ping Shi,&nbsp;Kewei Wang,&nbsp;Yuan Shen,&nbsp;Chao Shi","doi":"10.1155/2022/6607294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6607294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Outbreaks/epidemics caused by coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) have been reported continuously since 2008. However, outbreaks of ocular conjunctival hemorrhage caused by CVA6 in adults in a collective unit have not been reported. <i>Methods.</i> The epidemiological investigations were carried out according to the monitoring program, and the clinical data were collected from the treated hospitals. The nasopharyngeal swab specimens were collected to extract the total nucleic acid (DNA/RNA). The pathogen was determined using nucleic acid detection kits for 22 respiratory pathogens. The VP1 gene of this pathogen was amplified and sequenced. Sequence alignment and analysis were performed using BioEdit 7.0. The gene phylogenetic tree was constructed with MEGA4.0. <i>Results.</i> The factory emerged patients in succession from February 14 and reached the peak on the 18th. A total of 19 workers had symptoms in this factory up to March 31, 2019, giving an attack rate of 8.26%. The main symptoms were rash, ocular conjunctival hemorrhage, fever, and sore throat. The laboratory results showed that coxsackievirus A6 was the main pathogen causing this outbreak. The risk of taking a bath in the bathroom was 7.37 times higher than that of not taking a bath (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.67-32.79). <i>Conclusion.</i> This manuscript further enriched the infection-related information of CVA6, which was helpful to better identify and deal with the epidemic in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"6607294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9440842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40351635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Level in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Addisu Tadesse Sahile,&nbsp;Girma Demissie Gizaw,&nbsp;Tennyson Mgutshini,&nbsp;Zewdu Minwuyelet Gebremariam,&nbsp;Getabalew Endazenaw Bekele","doi":"10.1155/2022/2313367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2313367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has had a devastating impact on the everyday lives of the world's population and to this end, the development of curative vaccines was upheld as a welcome panacea. Despite the undeniable negative impact of the disease on human beings, lower than expected proportions of people have taken up the vaccines, particularly in the developing non-Western world. Ethiopia represents an interesting case example, of a nation where COVID-19 vaccine acceptance levels have not been well investigated and a need exists to assess the overall level of vaccine acceptance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic multidatabase search for relevant articles was carried out across Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, Hinari, EMBASE, Boolean operator, and PubMed. Two reviewers independently selected, reviewed, screened, and extracted data by using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The Joanna Briggs Institute prevalence critical appraisal tools and the modified NewcastleOttawa Scale (NOS) were used to assess the quality of evidence. All studies conducted in Ethiopia, reporting vaccine acceptance rates were incorporated. The extracted data were imported into the comprehensive meta-analysis version 3.0 for further analysis. Heterogeneity was confirmed using Higgins's method, and publication bias was checked by using Beggs and Eggers tests. A random-effects meta-analysis model with a 95% confidence interval was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence. Furthermore, subgroup analysis based on the study area and sample size was done. <i>Results and Conclusion</i>. After reviewing 67 sources, 18 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Ethiopia was 57.8% (95% CI: 47.2%-67.8%). The level of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Ethiopia was at a lower rate than necessary to achieve herd immunity. The highest level of vaccine acceptance rate was reported via online or telephone surveys followed by the southern region of Ethiopia. The lowest vaccine acceptance patterns were reported in Addis Ababa.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"2313367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9436617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40350676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome Components and COVID-19 Disease Severity in Hospitalized Patients: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Hande Erman,&nbsp;Banu Boyuk,&nbsp;Meltem Sertbas,&nbsp;Ali Ozdemir","doi":"10.1155/2022/9682032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9682032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Preliminary data suggest that patients with comorbidities are more susceptible to severe COVID-19 infection. However, data regarding the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in patients with COVID-19 are scarce.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>In the present study, we aim to investigate the association between MetS components and disease severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective observational study of 90 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia at a tertiary hospital. The study population consisted of inpatients who tested positive by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2. Patients with critical COVID-19 disease on admission were excluded. Adult Treatment Panel III of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP-ATP III) criteria were used to define MetS. Laboratory analysis and thorax CT were performed on admission.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>90 patients, 60 moderate and 30 severe COVID-19 patients, included in the study. The percentage of MetS cases was higher among severe COVID-19 patients (<i>p</i>=0.018). Of the MetS criteria fasting blood glucose (<i>p</i>=0.004), triglycerides (<i>p</i>=0.007) were significantly higher in patients with severe COVID-19 disease with no statistical significance found in waist circumference (WC) (<i>p</i>=0.348), systolic blood pressure (<i>p</i>=0.429), and HDL-C levels (<i>p</i>=0.263) between two groups. Body mass index (BMI) values were similar in both severe and moderate cases (<i>p</i>=0.854). In logistic regression analysis, serum triglycerides (<i>p</i>=0.024), HDL-C (<i>p</i>=0.006), and WC (<i>p</i>=0.004) were found as independent prognostic factor for severe COVID-19 infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Severe COVID-19 patients have higher rates of MetS. Serum triglycerides, HDL-C, and WC have an impact on disease severity in COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"9682032"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9433267/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40350675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonadherence Predictors to Tuberculosis Medications among TB Patients in Gambella Region of Ethiopia.","authors":"Taye Kebede,&nbsp;Wiw Gach Jing,&nbsp;Abiot Girma,&nbsp;Kifle Woldemichael","doi":"10.1155/2022/9449070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9449070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Global tuberculosis (TB) disease deaths rise comparable to the one seen in 2015 (by 200,000) or even in 2012 (by 400,000) as a result of the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Ethiopia's Gambella region is leading for years in terms of TB cases and its comorbidities. The TB control program effectiveness depends on in large on the patients completing the appropriate treatment regimen. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the determinants of nonadherence to anti-TB drug treatment among patients in Gambella regional state of Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case-control study was conducted on cohorts of TB patients sampled from four public health facilities in Gambella Region from January 2019 to 2020, followed by 18 months of follow-up. The total sample size was 296 patients (74 cases and 222 controls) with a response rate of 97.3% (288 : 72 nonadhered cases and 216 controls). Cases (nonadhered) were TB patients who missed 10% of the doses while controls were patients, who completed 90% or more doses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TB patients, who perceived stigma [AOR = 2.7 at 95% CI (1.1-6.6) with <i>P</i> value <0.05], failed to receive any counseling during the treatment course [AOR = 65.24 at 95% CI (11.69-363.95) with <i>P</i> value <0.01], patients who used to smoking during treatment [AOR = 15.4 at 95% CI (7.7-30) with <i>P</i> value <0.01], taking TB medications regularly has no benefits [AOR = 6.8 at 95% CI (1.8-24.9) with <i>P</i> value <0.05], and patients believing TB disease as not severe [AOR = 8.38 at 95% CI (2.0-34.6) with <i>P</i> value <0.05] were significantly or highly significantly associated with nonadherence to anti-TB drugs medications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The determinants of nonadherence to anti-TB treatment among TB patients in the Gambella region during the study period were the absence of counselling services, and patients' behavior (smoking habits, undermining the severity of TB disease, lack of trust in the outcomes of regular medications, and perceived stigmatization). Accordingly, capacitating healthcare providers and workers at all TB clinics for effective counseling , preventing perceived stigma by protecting the patient's secrecy, and routine health education has paramount importance for effective TB control in Gambella.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"9449070"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9433279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40350677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons from SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 Infections: What We Know So Far.","authors":"Radi Taha Alsafi","doi":"10.1155/2022/1156273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1156273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Within past decades, human infections with emerging and reemerging zoonotic viral pathogens have raised the eminent public health concern. Since November 2002, three highly pathogenic and major deadly human coronaviruses of the <i>βετα</i>-genera (<i>β</i>-hCoVs), namely, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV), middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2, have been globally emerged and culminated in the occurrence of SARS epidemic, MERS outbreak, and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, respectively. The global emergence and spread of these three major deadly <i>β</i>-hCoVs have extremely dreadful impacts on human health and become an economic burden. Unfortunately, clear specific and highly efficient medical countermeasures for these three <i>β</i>-hCoVs and their underlying fatal illnesses remain under development. Although they belong to the same family and share many features and convergent evolution, these three deadly <i>β</i>-hCoVs have some important and obvious differences. By utilizing their lessons and gaining a deeper understanding of these <i>β</i>-hCoVs, we can identify areas of improvement and provide preparedness plans for fighting and controlling the future reemerging human infections that might arise from them or from other potential pathogenic hCoVs. Therefore, this review summarizes the state-of-the-art information and compares the similarities and dissimilarities between SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, in terms of their evolution trait, genome organization, host cell entry mechanisms, tissue infectivity tropisms, transmission routes and contagiousness, and the clinical characteristics, laboratory features, and immunological abnormalities of their related illnesses. It also provides an overview of the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Additionally, it discusses the challenges of the most proposed treatment options for SARS-CoV-2 infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"1156273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9391183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40433155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}