The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale最新文献

{"title":"Microbiological and Clinicoepidemiological Profile of a Series of Patients with Infective Endocarditis at a Center in Eastern Nepal.","authors":"Sohani Bajracharya,&nbsp;Basudha Khanal,&nbsp;Shraddha Siwakoti,&nbsp;Rupa Rajbhandari Singh,&nbsp;Sanjib Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.1155/2021/9980465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9980465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The microbiological and clinicoepidemiological profile of infective endocarditis (IE) has undergone significant change over time. The pattern of IE studied at local level provides broader vision in understanding the current scenario of this disease. This study aimed to depict the overall picture of IE and its changing profile by evaluating the microbiological and clinicoepidemiological features in the context of a tertiary care center of eastern Nepal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The descriptive study was conducted from September 2017 to August 2018 among IE patients presenting to B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal. Detailed history and clinical manifestations of patients were noted. Microorganisms isolated from the blood culture were processed for identification by standard microbiological methods, and susceptibility testings were done. Each patient was assessed daily during hospital stay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten definite and 7 possible endocarditis cases were studied. The mean age was 41.4 ± 15.85 (17-70) years with predominance of male (4.7 : 1). Rheumatic heart disease (41.1%) was the most common underlying heart disease observed followed by injection drug user endocarditis (23.5%). All the cases had native valve endocarditis. Aortic valve was the most common valve involved (35.3%) followed by mitral, tricuspid, and pulmonary valves. Blood culture positivity was 53%. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> was the major causative agent responsible for 23.5% of the cases followed by <i>Enterococcus faecium</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. Mortality of 2 cases (11.8%) was associated with <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. Majority of patients developed acute kidney injury (35.3%) and congestive cardiac failure (23.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IE patients in our center exhibited differences from the west in terms of age at presentation and predisposing factors but held similarity in terms of commonly isolated microorganisms. The changing patterns of IE, etiological agents, and their antimicrobial susceptibility observed in this study may be helpful for clinicians in formulating a new empirical antibiotic treatment protocol.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"9980465"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8324388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39273431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Clinical Monitoring Program of COVID-19 Outpatients: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Hossein Kasiri,&nbsp;Cyrus Mahjub,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Mazaeri,&nbsp;Fahimeh Naderi-Behdani,&nbsp;Aliyeh Bazi,&nbsp;Monireh Ghazaeian,&nbsp;Sahar Fallah","doi":"10.1155/2021/6644570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6644570","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with a high rate of mortality and morbidity. While a high portion of COVID-19 patients have mild symptoms, a limited number of clinical trials have evaluated the clinical course of this large group of patients. This study was designed to investigate the demographics and clinical characteristics and comorbidity of nonhospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods This prospective, observational cohort study was performed on nonhospitalized adult patients (≥18 years) with COVID-19. Pharmacotherapy service was responsible for patients' assessment for up to 1 month. Demographic characteristics, the onset of symptoms, severity, duration, laboratory data, and hospitalization rate were evaluated by a pharmacist-based monitoring program. Results From 323 patients who had been referred to the emergency department, 105 individuals were recruited between April 26 and August 2, 2020. Most of the patients were female (66.7%) with a mean age of 39.39 years (SD: ± 15.82). The mean time of the symptom onset was 5.6 days (SD: ±1.79). The majority of patients suffered from fatigue (78.1%), sore throat (67.6%), cough (60%), and myalgia (55.2%). C-reactive protein, white blood cell, lymphocyte, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and hemoglobin levels were recovered significantly during the first two weeks (P < 0.001). Hydroxychloroquine, naproxen, diphenhydramine, azithromycin, and vitamin D3 were the most common medications administered (98%, 96%, 94%, 68%, and 57%, respectively). Forty patients were not symptom-free after the one-month follow-up, and 8 patients (7.6%) were required to revisit without the need for hospitalization. Anosmia (18.1%) and fatigue (17.1%) were the most common persisted symptoms. There were no significant differences between symptom-free and symptomatic patients. Conclusion Mild COVID-19 patients had a wide variety of symptoms and could be symptomatic even one month after the onset of symptoms. The pharmacist-based monitoring system can contribute beneficially to patients through the evaluation of symptoms, reduction of unnecessary visits, and provision of updated information to patients concerning the status of their illness.","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"6644570"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8292082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39273429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Interventions in Improving Hand Hygiene Compliance: A Meta-Analysis and Logic Model.","authors":"Mohammad Hossein Kaveh,&nbsp;Mohadeseh Motamed-Jahromi,&nbsp;Soheil Hassanipour","doi":"10.1155/2021/8860705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8860705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the availability of various guidelines, rules, and strategies, hand hygiene adherence rates among healthcare workers are reported significantly lower than expected. The aim of this meta-analysis is to determine the most effective interventions to improve hand hygiene and to develop a logic model based on the characteristics of the most effective interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was conducted on PubMed, ProQuest, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect databases up to December 21, 2019, with no time limit. Randomized clinical trials which had designed interventions to improve hand hygiene were reviewed. Data were extracted independently by two authors. All statistical analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software (version 2.0). A random-effects model was used to estimate odds ratios.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although 14 studies were initially reviewed, only 12 studies entered the meta-analysis, since they had identified percentage rates of hand hygiene compliance. The most effective intervention (odds ratio 18.4, 95% CI (13.6-24.8)) was a multilevel strategy that influenced the determinants of hand hygiene behavior at individual, interpersonal, and organizational levels. Following this, a theory-driven logic model was mapped out to promote hand hygiene, based on situational analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that designing integrated interventions based on a multilevel socioecological approach has the greatest potential to improve hand hygiene compliance in healthcare workers. The logical model proposed in this study can thus provide a useful guide for designing and conducting future experimental research.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"8860705"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8313351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39273430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac Manifestations in COVID-19 Patients: A Focus on the Pediatric Population.","authors":"Tania Abi Nassif,&nbsp;Ghina Fakhri,&nbsp;Nour K Younis,&nbsp;Rana Zareef,&nbsp;Farah Al Amin,&nbsp;Fadi Bitar,&nbsp;Mariam Arabi","doi":"10.1155/2021/5518979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5518979","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>SARS-CoV-2 is a new strain of the coronavirus family that emerged by the end of 2019 and led to the unpreceded COVID-19 pandemic. The virus affects multiple organs simultaneously and leads to a high rate of morbidity and mortality in all age groups. The cardiovascular system is one of the major affected organ systems. Various mechanisms including direct myocardial injury contribute to the cardiac manifestations of COVID-19 patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a comprehensive and updated search on the cardiac manifestations of COVID-19. Our search included laboratory and imaging evaluations. In addition, we added a unique section on the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the cardiovascular system in the pediatric population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>COVID-19 might have an effect on the cardiovascular system at various levels leading to myocardial ischemia, arrhythmia, heart failure, myocarditis, and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. The incidence of cardiovascular complications varies among patients. This paper also provides a comprehensive summary of all the reported pediatric cases with cardiac manifestations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multidisciplinary teams are crucial for adequate management of patients with COVID-19 regardless of age. Timely diagnosis is critical in reducing mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"5518979"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8287458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39258386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison between Whatman FTA Elute Cards and Conventional Swab for the Detection of Pathogenic Enteric Bacteria Using an RT-qPCR Assay.","authors":"Na Yue,&nbsp;Zichao Jia","doi":"10.1155/2021/9963047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9963047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of outbreaks of foodborne illness is closely associated with food contamination caused by various enteric pathogens, such as <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7, <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>, <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Enteritidis, and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. The control of enteric pathogens poses a challenge due to the fact that these pathogens can persist for a long period of time in the environment. The rapid detection of pathogenic organisms plays a crucial role in the prevention and identification of crises related to health, safety, and well-being. Improper sample handling and processing may influence the diagnostic efficacy and accuracy. The aim of the present study was to compare the preservation capacity for enteric bacteria between Whatman Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) cards and swabs for reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) detection. It was found that Whatman FTA cards exhibited an improved preservation capacity for five types (both laboratory and environmental strains) of enteric bacteria, including <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7, <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>, <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Enteritidis, and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> for RT-qPCR detection. Hence, Whatman FTA cards may be a suitable tool for the routine isolation of foodborne bacteria for molecular diagnosis. Therefore, the use of Whatman FTA cards for sample collection and preservation may increase sensitivity and accuracy for bacteria isolation and diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"9963047"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8270717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39221305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Determinants of Diarrheal Diseases among Under-Five Children in Horo Guduru Wollega Zone, Oromia Region, Western Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Kefalew Alemayehu,&nbsp;Lemessa Oljira,&nbsp;Melake Demena,&nbsp;Abdi Birhanu,&nbsp;Dasselegn Workineh","doi":"10.1155/2021/5547742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5547742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diarrheal diseases are the leading cause of preventable death, especially among under-five children in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Although efforts have been made to reduce the morbidity and mortality resulting from diarrheal diseases, there is scarce information on the progress of the interventions against the burdens. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of diarrhea and its associated factors in under-five children in Horo Guduru Wollega Zone, Oromia Region, Western Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Of 12,316 households, 620 households that had under-five children were selected by simple random sampling technique from randomly selected kebeles. Before data collection, a pretest of the structured questionnaires was done on nonselected kebeles. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association of the diarrheal diseases with independent variables. Finally, the odds ratio along with a 95% confidence interval was used to report the significant association between the outcome variable and its associated factors. A <i>P</i> value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children was 149 (24%) (95% CI: 20.8, 27.3). Diarrhea was significantly associated with poor knowledge of mothers/caretakers on diarrhea prevention methods (AOR: 2.05, 95% CI (1.14, 3.69), being in the age group of 6-11(AOR = 1.546 (1.68, 3.52), and 12-23 months (AOR = 1.485 (1.84, 2.63)), families with poor wealth index (AOR: 2.41, 95% CI (1.29, 4.51)), children who were not vaccinated against measles (AOR: 4.73, 95% CI (2.43, 9.20)), unsafe child feces disposal (AOR = 3.75; 95% CI (1.91, 7.39)), inappropriate liquid waste disposal (AOR = 3.73 (1.94, 7.42)), and having two or more siblings (AOR: 3.11, 95% CI (1.81, 5.35)). <i>Conclusion and Remarks.</i> The prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children was high. There was a statistically significant association between diarrhea and age of the child (6-11 and 12-23), poor knowledge of mothers/caretakers on diarrhea prevention methods, families with poor wealth index, being unvaccinated against measles, improper liquid waste disposal, unsafe child feces disposal, and having at least two siblings. The findings have a significant policy inference for childhood diarrheal disease prevention programs. Therefore, educating mothers/caregivers on diarrheal disease prevention methods, child spacing, regular hand washing practice after disposing child feces, safely disposing liquid waste, and vaccinating all eligible children against measles should be a priority area of intervention for diarrheal disease prevention. Moreover, since these associated factors are preventable, the government needs to strengthen the health extension workers program implementations to reduce childhood diarrhea.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"5547742"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8249150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39180769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidrug-Resistant Shigellosis among Children Aged below Five Years with Diarrhea at Banadir Hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia.","authors":"Bilan Sheikh Ali Nor,&nbsp;Nelson Chengo Menza,&nbsp;Abednego Moki Musyoki","doi":"10.1155/2021/6630272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6630272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Globally, shigellosis remains the second leading cause of diarrhea-associated deaths among children under five years of age, and the infections are disproportionately higher in resource-limited settings due to overcrowding, poor sanitation, and inadequate safe drinking water. The emergence and global spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>Shigella</i> are exacerbating the shigellosis burden. We adopted a cross-sectional study design to determine the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility (AST) patterns of <i>Shigella</i> serogroups among children aged below five years presenting with diarrhea at Banadir Hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia, from August to October 2019. Stool and rectal swab samples were collected from 180 children consecutively enrolled using a convenient sampling technique and processed following standard bacteriological methods. AST was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and interpreted as per the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (2018) guidelines. Shigellosis prevalence was 20.6% (37/180), and <i>S. flexneri</i> (26/37 (70.3%)) was the predominant serogroup. All the serogroups were 100% resistant to ampicillin (AMP), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT), and tetracycline (TE). Ceftriaxone (CRO) resistance was the highest among <i>S. sonnei</i> (66.7%) isolates. 19.2% of <i>S. flexneri</i> and <i>S. sonnei</i> (50%) serogroups were resistant to ciprofloxacin (CIP), but all <i>S. dysenteriae</i> type 1 isolates remained (100%) susceptible. Forty percent of CIP-susceptible <i>S. dysenteriae</i> type 1 were resistant to CRO. Seven MDR <i>Shigella</i> phenotypes were identified, dominated by those involving resistance to AMP, SXT, and TE (100%). Our findings showed a high prevalence of shigellosis with <i>S. flexneri</i> as the most predominant serogroup among children under five years of age in Banadir Hospital, Somalia. AMP and SXT are no longer appropriate treatments for shigellosis in children under five years in Banadir Hospital. MDR <i>Shigella</i> strains, including those resistant to CIP and CRO, have emerged in Somalia, posing a public health challenge. Therefore, there is an urgent need for AMR surveillance and continuous monitoring to mitigate the further spread of the MDR <i>Shigella</i> strains in Banadir Hospital and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"6630272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8208871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39073693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Modulation of Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Potential Therapy Method for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus\".","authors":"Ruiqi Tang,&nbsp;Lanjuan Li","doi":"10.1155/2021/9756586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9756586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2021/6632266.].</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"9756586"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8205571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39073694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Determinants of Resistance among ESBL-Producing <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> in Community and Hospital Settings in East, Central, and Southern Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence.","authors":"Onduru G Onduru,&nbsp;Rajhab S Mkakosya,&nbsp;Said Aboud,&nbsp;Susan F Rumisha","doi":"10.1155/2021/5153237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5153237","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The world prevalence of community and hospital-acquired extended-spectrum &lt;i&gt;β-&lt;/i&gt;lactamase (ESBL)-producing &lt;i&gt;Enterobacteriaceae&lt;/i&gt; is increasing tremendously. Bacteria harboring ESBLs are currently the number one critical pathogens posing a major threat to human health.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To provide a summary of molecular evidence on the prevalence of ESBL-producing &lt;i&gt;Enterobacteriaceae&lt;/i&gt; (ESBL-E) and associated genes at community and hospital settings in East, Central, and Southern African countries.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted a systematic literature search on PubMed and Google Scholar databases for the available molecular studies on ESBL-E in hospitals and community settings in East, Central, and Sothern Africa (ECSA). Published studies in English language involving gene characterization of ESBLs from human samples in hospital and community settings were included in the review, inception to November 2019. A random effect meta-analysis was performed to estimate the prevalence of ESBL-E.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 27 studies involving molecular characterization of resistance genes from 20,225 ESBL-E isolates were included in the analysis. Seventy-four percent of all studies were hospital based, 15% were based in community settings, and others were done in both hospital and community settings. Of all the studies, 63% reported &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; as the dominant isolate among ESBL-E recovered from clinical samples and &lt;i&gt;Klebsiella pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; was reported dominant isolates in 33% of all studies. A random pooled prevalence of ESBL-E was 38% (95% CI = 24-53%), highest in Congo, 92% (95% CI = 90-94%), and lowest in Zimbabwe, 14% (95% CI = 9-20%). Prevalence was higher in hospital settings 41% (95% CI = 23-58%) compared to community settings 34% (95% CI = 8-60%). ESBL genes detected from clinical isolates with ESBL-E phenotypes in ECSA were those of Ambler molecular class A [1] that belongs to both functional groups 2be and 2d of Bush and Jacob classification of 2010 [2]. Majority of studies (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 22, 81.5%) reported predominance of &lt;i&gt;bla&lt;/i&gt;CTX-M gene among isolates, particularly CTX-M-15. Predictors of ESBL-E included increased age, hospital admissions, previous use of antibiotics, and paramedical use of herbs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Few studies have been conducted at a molecular level to understand the genetic basis of increased resistance among members of ESBL-E in ECSA. Limited molecular studies in the ECSA region leave a gap in estimating the burden and risk posed by the carriage of ESBL genes in these countries. We found a high prevalence of ESBL-E most carrying CTX-M enzyme in ECSA with a greater variation between countries. This could be an important call for combined (regional or global) efforts to combat the problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the region. Antibiotic use and hospital admission increased the carriage of ESBL-E, w","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"5153237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8192179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39089871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prevalence of High Carcinogenic Risk of HPV Genotypes among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative MSM from Russia.","authors":"Ilia Beliakov,&nbsp;Maria Senina,&nbsp;Yuriy Tyulenev,&nbsp;Elena Novoselova,&nbsp;Viktor Surovtsev,&nbsp;Alexander Guschin","doi":"10.1155/2021/6641888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6641888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Men who have sex with men (MSM) have a high risk of lifelong anal cancer caused by high-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV) infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anal canal HR HPV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) with and without HIV infection in Moscow (Russia). We evaluated associations of some HIV coinfections (HSV and CMV) and HPV distribution among MSM with and without HIV infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two groups of HIV-positive (<i>n</i> = 60) and HIV-negative (<i>n</i> = 60) MSM were evaluated in the study. Fourteen high-risk (HR) HPV types, HSV1/2, and CMV were investigated in men anal swabs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HR HPVs were found with nearly the same frequency of 66.7% in both groups: HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM. HIV-positive status was statistically associated with the presence of several (more than two) HPV types (<i>p</i>=0.044). The most prevalent HR HPV genotypes were HPV18, HPV16, HPV56, and HPV33 for HIV-positive MSM and HPV56, HPV51, HPV66, and HPV16 for HIV-negatives. We found a statistically significant association of five HR HPV types with HIV status of MSM: HPV16 (<i>p</i>=0.028), HPV18 (<i>p</i>=0.00006), HPV58 (<i>p</i>=0.003), HPV33 (<i>p</i>=0.019), and HPV39 (<i>p</i>=0.026). The frequency of HSV1 (1.7%) and HSV2 (10%) infections and CMV (3.3%) infection was evaluated in the group of HIV-positive MSM. The frequency of HSV1 (5%) and HSV2 (6.7%) infections and CMV (0%) infection was evaluated, as well, in the group of HIV-negative MSM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multiple HPV genotypes were detected significantly more often than single HPV genotype in the group of HIV-positive MSM. According to our data, 25% of HIV-positive MSM have HPV39; this is the only one of the five types of HR HPV (16, 18, 58, 33, and 39) associated with this group of MSM that has not yet been included in the HPV vaccines available on the market.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"6641888"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8189766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39089872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}