The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale最新文献

{"title":"An Alliance of Carbapenem-Resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> with Precise Capsular Serotypes and Clinical Determinants: A Disquietude in Hospital Setting.","authors":"Elghar Soltani,&nbsp;Alka Hasani,&nbsp;Mohammad Ahangarzadeh Rezaee,&nbsp;Maryam Zaare Nahandi,&nbsp;Akbar Hasani,&nbsp;Pourya Gholizadeh","doi":"10.1155/2022/6086979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6086979","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbapenemase-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (CRKP) is a genuine burden for physicians and researchers. We aimed at carbapenemase resistance and its relation with capsular serotyping in <i>K</i>. <i>pneumoniae</i> and studied some clinical determinants, which may influence the clinical infections. Initially, 61 <i>K</i>. <i>pneumoniae</i> isolates obtained from various clinical specimens were confirmed at the molecular level and then antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed followed by capsular serotyping performed by multiplex PCR. All isolates were subjected to the detection of carbapenemase genes including <i>bla</i> _KPC, <i>bla</i> _NDM-1, <i>bla</i> _OXA-48, <i>bla</i> _VIM, and <i>bla</i> _IMP. Clinical and demographic data of all patients were reviewed including age, gender, underlying diseases, and the treatment obtained. Multidrug-resistance was a predominant feature in 77% <i>K</i>. <i>pneumoniae</i> strains. Presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase was detected phenotypically in 59% <i>K</i>. <i>pneumoniae</i> strains. Carbapenem resistance was noticed phenotypically in 24.6% isolates. <i>bla</i> _OXA-48 and <i>bla</i> _NDM-1 were the most frequent carbapenemase genes. <i>bla</i> _NDM-1 positive isolates correlated with gentamicin, amikacin, imipenem, and meropenem resistance (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The nosocomial isolates mostly harbored <i>bla</i> _OXA-48 gene (<i>p</i> < 0.02). Amongst all the <i>K</i>. <i>pneumoniae</i> isolates, 59% isolates could be typed and serotype K54 had the highest prevalence followed by K20 and K5. Correlation between the carbapenemase genes, serotype and type of infection showed that <i>bla</i> _OXA-48 positive strains had a significant association with K20 serotype and urinary tract infections (<i>p</i>=0.2) while, K20 serotype and <i>bla</i> _KPC positive strains were significantly associated with wound infections (K20, <i>p</i>=0.3 and <i>bla</i> _KPC, and <i>p</i>=0.4). Mucoid phenotype was not found related to presence of specific carbapenemase genes or serotypes except serotype K20 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Patients with monotherapy had treatment failure in comparison to the combination therapy for <i>bla</i> _KPC-associated infections. In conclusion, the present investigation exhibited the significant association between K20 serotype with <i>bla</i> _OXA-48. The predominance of K54 reveals the possibility of endemicity in our hospital setting. <i>K</i>. <i>pneumoniae</i> isolated from wound specimens significantly harbors K20 serotype and <i>bla</i> _KPC gene. Comprehensive clinical information and the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes, and serotypes may play important roles in the treatment process.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"6086979"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9705090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40713556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Lazolex® Gel in the Treatment of Herpes Simplex Mucocutaneous Infections and the Prevention of Recurrences: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Tina A Kituashvili,&nbsp;Vakhtang G Kvirkvelia,&nbsp;George G Galdava,&nbsp;Nino G Archvadze","doi":"10.1155/2022/4413679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4413679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that walnut extract has a therapeutic effect on herpes simplex infections. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of Lazolex® Gel (Iveriapharma, Tbilisi, Georgia), an emollient gel to treat mucocutaneous lesions caused by herpes simplex virus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-center, single-arm, open-label, phase II clinical trial was conducted with 30 patients divided into two groups: 15 patients with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infections and 15 with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). All received topical treatment with Lazolex® Gel four times a day for 10 days. The efficacy and tolerance of the treatment were evaluated on day 10 and day 20 of the study. Recurrence rates were also evaluated both prior to treatment with Lazolex® and over a 4-year follow-up period subsequent to treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median effective time to resolution of symptoms (itching, burning, and pain) was 1.97 days in the HSV-1 group and 3.11 days in the HSV-2 group. The median effective time for vesicles and erosion to disappear was 3.64 days in the HSV-1 group and 3.88 days for the HSV-2 group. Finally, the median effective time for inflammatory signs to disappear was 5.70 and 4.32 days, respectively. Following treatment with Lazolex® Gel, the frequency of outbreaks decreased from a median of 2.00 and 1.00 times per year in the HSV-1 and HSV-2 cohorts to 0.25 and 0.00 (<i>p</i>=0.001 and <i>p</i>=0.003), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Topical treatment with Lazolex® Gel applied to lesions four times a day for 10 days was shown to be effective and safe in the treatment of herpes simplex mucocutaneous infections and dramatically reduced the rate of recurrence. Clinical trial was approved by Drug Agency of Ministry of Labour, Health and Social Affairs of Georgia, registration # DA Nº CT-000032, date of approval 01.10.2007.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"4413679"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9683977/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40486215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extent and Resistance Patterns of ESKAPE Pathogens Isolated in Pus Swabs from Hospitalized Patients.","authors":"Salim S Masoud,&nbsp;Anna Kovacevich,&nbsp;Raidah Gangji,&nbsp;Helmut Nyawale,&nbsp;Mary Nyange,&nbsp;Albert Ntukula","doi":"10.1155/2022/3511306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3511306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance has persisted as a global threat with increasing associated numbers of morbidity and mortality. ESKAPE (<i>Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,</i> and <i>Enterobacter</i> spp.) were termed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America as a group of bacteria with rapid antibiotic resistance development. The aim of the study was to describe the extent and resistance patterns of ESKAPE pathogens isolated in pus swabs from patients admitted at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania. A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed in August 2019. A total of 75 admitted patients with open wounds and surgical site infections were recruited. Files were analyzed to collect microbiology laboratory data and relevant patient data. A total of 76 clinically significant bacteria were isolated of which 52 bacteria were categorized as ESKAPE pathogens. The most common bacteria isolated were 25% (<i>n</i> = 19/76) <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and 17.1% <i>S. aureus.</i> A high level of antibiotic resistance was shown in all ESKAPE and non-ESKAPE pathogens. The Gram-negative bacteria of ESKAPE pathogens were further analyzed comparing 3^rd generation cephalosporin and carbapenems resistance patterns. <i>A. baumannii</i> showed the highest resistance towards 3^rd generation cephalosporin and carbapenems. In addition, <i>P. aeruginosa</i> showed high resistance to 3^rd generation cephalosporins with 89.5% resistance, with <i>E. coli</i> showing high resistance to carbapenems with 50.0% resistance. The burden of ESKAPE pathogens is high in pus swabs obtained from admitted patients at Muhimbili National Hospital. The results showed high antibiotic resistance within ESKAPE and non-ESKAPE pathogens including the \"last resort\" antibiotics: 3^rd generation cephalosporin and carbapenems.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"3511306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9640227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40690226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malaria Microscopy Competency in the Subnational Verification, China: Implications for Malaria Elimination and the Prevention of Malaria Reestablishment.","authors":"Mei Li,&nbsp;Fang Huang,&nbsp;Jianhai Yin,&nbsp;He Yan,&nbsp;Shuisen Zhou,&nbsp;Zhigui Xia","doi":"10.1155/2022/8003845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8003845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Qualified microscopy competency is a key indicator for certification of malaria elimination. To better prepare the country certification and identify the priorities that need improvement to prevent malaria reestablishment, microscopy competency at different levels were assessed in subnational verification of malaria elimination in China. <i>Methodology</i>. Microscopist representatives from centers for disease control and prevention (CDC)/institutes of parasitic diseases (IPD) and medical institutes for malaria diagnosis at the provincial and county levels in the subnational verification were analyzed. Specifically, five provincial microscopist representatives and ten county-level representatives were assessed in each of previously endemic provinces on qualitative identification (<i>Plasmodium</i> positive or negative) and <i>Plasmodium</i> species identification using standard slides from the National Malaria Diagnosis Reference Laboratory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 100 provincial-level representatives (60 from 42 CDCs/IPDs and 40 from 34 medical institutes) and 200 county-level representatives (61 from 41 CDCs and 139 from 118 medical institutes) were included. The qualitative accuracy was higher than 90% each (<i>P</i> = 0.137), but slides with low parasite density were easy to be misdiagnosed as negative. Furthermore, the accuracy of species identification was 80.0% and 83.6% in medical institutes and centers for disease control and prevention (CDCs) at the provincial level (<i>P</i> = 0.407) with relatively high misdiagnosis of <i>P. vivax</i> as <i>P. ovale</i> in the latter (16.2%) and 82.0% and 85.0% in medical institutes and CDCs at the county level (<i>P</i> = 0.330) for the identification of <i>P. falciparum</i> and non-<i>P. falciparum</i> with higher false-negative in medical institutions (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, competent microscopy in subnational verification supported the quality in eliminating malaria in China, while the accurate identification of malaria parasites, especially slides with low parasite density still need to be improved through continuous diagnostic platform construction, continuous technological innovation, and targeted training to prevent reestablishment of malaria transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"8003845"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9637463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40455136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of Arginine Catabolic Mobile Element and Copper and Mercury Resistance Element in Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>: A Vantage Point.","authors":"Parya Shokrollahi,&nbsp;Alka Hasani,&nbsp;Mohammad Aghazadeh,&nbsp;Mohammad Yousef Memar,&nbsp;Akbar Hasani,&nbsp;Maryam Zaree,&nbsp;Mohammad Ahangarzadeh Rezaee,&nbsp;Javid Sadeghi","doi":"10.1155/2022/9916255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9916255","url":null,"abstract":"Different clones of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) are dominating geographically. One of the significant, hypervirulent, CA-MRSA and a significant health concern clones is USA3000, found worldwide regionally with varying frequencies. The clone harbors several mobile genetic elements (MGEs) including, arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) and copper and mercury resistance genes (COMER), accomplished by horizontal gene transfer from S. epidermidis. Evidence suggests that ACME and COMER have a more prominent role in enhancing biofilm capacity and ultimately persistent infections. This review highlights the comprehensive view on ACME and COMER structure, their distribution, and the mechanism of action along with pathogenetic features of USA3000 encompassing their role in biofilm formation, adhesion, quorum sensing, resistance to antibiotics, chemotaxis, and nutrient uptake. We also provided an insight into the role of ACME and COMER genes in the survival of bacterium. Our results shed light on the emergence of two independent clones possessing ACME (North American) and COMER (South American) elements which later disseminated to other regions. ACME and COMER both are adjacent to staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type IV (SCCmec IV). The acquisition of mecA, followed by COMER or ACME has been shown as a significant factor in the rise and fall of MRSA strains and their complex ability to adapt to hostile environments. The presence of ACME increases fitness, thereby allowing bacteria to colonize the skin and mucous membrane while COMER contributes to genetic stability by knocking over the copper-mediated killing in macrophages. Evidence suggests that ACME and COMER have a more prominent role in enhancing biofilm capacity and ultimately persistent infections. Interestingly, ACME strains have been shown to possess the ability to counteract skin acidity, thereby allowing increased skin colonization. A profound understanding of MGEs in S. aureus plays an important role in the prevention of epidemic clones.","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"9916255"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9637032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40672513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application Effect of Transparent Supervision Based on Informatization in Prevention and Control of Carbapenem-Resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Nosocomial Infection.","authors":"Xiaoqin Wu,&nbsp;Quansheng Lu,&nbsp;Guo Feng,&nbsp;Hongxia Kan,&nbsp;Liran Shi","doi":"10.1155/2022/2193430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2193430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the effect of transparent supervision model on the prevention and control of carbapenem-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (CRKP) nosocomial infection and the value of the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model in predicting the incidence of CRKP infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 46,873 inpatients from Jiawang District People's Hospital of Xuzhou between January 2019 and December 2019 (prior to COVID-19 prevention and control) were selected as the preintervention group and 45,217 inpatients from January 2020 to December 2020 (after the COVID-19 prevention and control) as the postintervention group. We performed transparent supervision on CRKP patients detected by the real-time monitoring system for nosocomial infection. Incidence and detection rate of CRKP, utilization rate of special grade hydrocarbon enzyme alkene antibiotics, hand hygiene compliance rate, qualified rate of ATP tests on surface of environmental objects, and execution rate of CRKP core prevention and control were compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Transparent supervision of CRKP-infected patients was conducted daily from January to December 2020, which resulted in the following: (a) the infection rate of CRKP decreased in a fluctuating manner, and the actual value of hydrocarbon alkene use rate was basically the same as the predicted value with an overall decreasing trend; (b) after the intervention, hand hygiene compliance rate increased from 53.30% to 70.24% (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and the ATP qualified rate increased from 53.77% to 92.24% (<i>P</i> < 0.001); (c) the fitted value of the ARIMA model was in good agreement with the actual value. The incidence of CRKP infection and the utilization rate of carbene antibiotics were also in good agreement with the predicted value. The average relative errors were 11% and 10.78%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>During the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020, the ARIMA model effectively fit and predicted the CRKP infection rate, thereby providing scientific guidance for the prevention and control of CRKP infection. In addition, the transparent supervision intervention model improved the hand hygiene compliance and environmental hygiene qualification rates of medical staff, effectively reducing CRKP cross-infection in the hospital.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"2193430"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9626236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40443746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Level Bioaerosol Protection against Infective Aerosols: How Medical Face Masks Compare against Respirators.","authors":"Christian M Sterr,&nbsp;Aline Dick,&nbsp;Lena Schellenberger,&nbsp;Julian Zirbes,&nbsp;Claudia Nonnenmacher-Winter,&nbsp;Frank Günther","doi":"10.1155/2022/6978661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6978661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Face masks and respirators are commonly used to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases that spread by respiratory droplets and aerosols. However, there is still uncertainty about the protective effect of the different types of masks against virus containing aerosols. To determine the as-worn bioaerosol protection efficacy of different face coverings and estimate the possible protective function against airborne diseases, we challenged different respirators and medical masks on a standardized dummy head with a bioaerosol containing MS2 bacteriophages as virus surrogates. In our experiments, FFP2 respirators showed the highest filtration efficacy 94 ± 4 (SD) % followed by medical masks 93 ± 3 (SD) % and KN95 respirators 90 ± 7 (SD) %. Nevertheless, we found no statistically significant difference between respirators and medical masks in terms of provided protection against infective aerosols. Our findings indicate that both respirators and medical masks provide a high as-worn bioaerosol protection efficacy against virus containing aerosols, and therefore, a very high protection against airborne diseases. Considering the higher comfort, better availability, and lower price of medical masks in contrast to respirators, it is recommendable to use medical face masks especially in low risk situations and in general public.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"6978661"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9617726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40659530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characteristics and Distribution of Virulence Genes among <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Complex Isolates Derived from Vascular Access Infections.","authors":"Min Yi Wong,&nbsp;Yuan-Hsi Tseng,&nbsp;Tsung-Yu Huang,&nbsp;Chishih Chu,&nbsp;Bor-Shyh Lin,&nbsp;Yao-Kuang Huang","doi":"10.1155/2022/3196545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3196545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a major human pathogen that produces various virulence factors which promote the binding of bacteria to tissues and medical devices such as vascular access devices, thereby developing a wide range of invasive infections. Vascular access serves as an entry site for <i>S. aureus</i> and elevates the risk of infection in the hemodialysis population. Nevertheless, the distribution of virulence genes in <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. associated with vascular access infections (VAIs) has not been studied previously. In this study, we determined the relationship between the molecular characteristics and virulence profiles of <i>S. aureus</i> isolates obtained from VAIs. We collected isolates from patients with VAIs between August 2017 and December 2020 and further analyzed the molecular characteristics, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and virulence gene distribution in the isolates. Overall, 15 sequence types (STs), including a new ST (ST6892) and 19 <i>spa</i> types, were identified among the 56 isolates. Of the 53 <i>S. aureus</i> isolates, ST8, ST239, ST45, and ST59 were the predominant STs, whereas ST2250 was the only ST in 3 <i>S. argenteus</i> isolates. ST45-SCC<i>mec</i>IV-t026 (abbreviated as ST45-IV-t026), ST59-V-t437, and ST8-IV-t008 were the predominant clones that belonged to <i>agr</i> type I. All isolates harbored <i>clfB</i> and <i>eno</i>, whereas all <i>S. aureus</i> isolates harbored <i>clfA</i>. In addition, 10 Panton-Valentine leucocidin-positive isolates belonged to ST8 and ST59, with ST8-IV-t008 and ST59-V-t437 being the predominant clones. In brief, the distribution of virulence genes associated with STs may assist in the spread of molecular types of <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"3196545"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9616667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40655405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Viral Load of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in Children following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant by Chip Digital PCR.","authors":"Wen-Jun Wang,&nbsp;Miao Feng,&nbsp;Feng He,&nbsp;Juan Song,&nbsp;Qin-Qin Song,&nbsp;Dong Xia,&nbsp;Rong Liu,&nbsp;Hai-Lan Yao,&nbsp;Jun Han","doi":"10.1155/2022/2786841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2786841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To detect viral load in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection children after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) by chip digital PCR (cdPCR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The plasmid pUC57-UL83 containing the HCMV-UL83 gene and HCMV AD169 strain were used to evaluate the sensitivity of cdPCR. Either HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, EBV, HHV-6, or HHV-7 was used to evaluate the specificity of HCMV cdPCR. The cdPCR was compared with quantitative PCR (qPCR) by detecting HCMV infection in 125 children's whole blood samples following HSCT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The limit of detection (LOD) of HCMV cdPCR was 103 copies/ml and the qPCR LOD was 297 copies/ml for plasmid pUC57-UL83. The result of HCMV cdPCR was 146 copies/ml for the HCMV AD169 strain, indicating that the sensitivity of cdPCR was higher than that of qPCR. There is no cross-reaction between HCMV cdPCR and other herpes viruses. The incidence of HCMV infection was 30.40% in 125 children following HSCT by cdPCR. The range of the HCMV viral load was from 107 copies/ml to 6600 copies/ml by cdPCR.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>cdPCR is more sensitive than qPCR for detecting HCMV viral load. Furthermore, the cdPCR could be used to detect the viral load of HCMV infection before or after HSCT in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"2786841"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9592232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40649323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Intravenous Antibiotics to Peroral Antibiotics Conversion Practice and Its Associated Factor at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital: Prospective Observational Study.","authors":"Getachew Yitayew Tarekegn,&nbsp;Samuel Berihun Dagnew,&nbsp;Samuel Agegnew Wondm,&nbsp;Bekalu Kebede,&nbsp;Emneteab Mesfin Ayele","doi":"10.1155/2022/8395424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8395424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Improper utilization of antibiotics harms the patient, the public, and the economy. The overuse of injections is one of the key factors in the irrational use of medicines. However, little is known about intravenous (IV) to peroral (PO) conversion practice in the Ethiopian healthcare setting, specifically in the Northwest part of Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess antibiotics IV to PO conversion practice and its associated factors at the internal medicine ward of the University of Gondar Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital (UOGCSH).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A prospective observational study was conducted on 324 study participants who were admitted to the University of Gondar Specialized Hospital from October 3 to November 14, 2021. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. Stata version 14.2 was used for the analysis. Descriptive statistics result was presented using mean and standard deviation. Logistic regression analysis was done to determine the association between independent variables and dependent variables. The association between independent variables and dependent variables was tested at 95% CI and <i>P</i> value≤ 0.05 was considered statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A total of 324 study participants were included in the study, and the mean age of the patients was 41.4 ± 18.6. Of the 324 study participants, 63.3% were male. The most frequently prescribed antibiotics used for empiric treatment were ceftriaxone (45.4%), followed by metronidazole (33.2%), and cloxacillin (11.4%). A total of 34.5.57% of patients who took antibiotics were converted to PO antibiotics. The most frequently converted type of conversion practice was sequential (23.1%), followed by the switch type of conversion (7.4%). Tachypnea, unavailability of medication, higher temperature, hospital stay greater than 10.78-days, and the presence of comorbidity were predictors of IV medications not being converted to PO medications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intravenous to peroral conversion practice was infrequent. The most frequently applied conversion practice was sequential type conversion practice, followed by switch type of conversion practice. IV to PO conversion practice was significantly associated with tachypnea, unavailability of medication, higher temperature, hospital stay greater than 10.78-days, and comorbidity. Awareness of IV to PO conversion practice and short-term training for healthcare teams is vital for better antibiotic conversion practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"8395424"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9581647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40567777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}