Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)最新文献

{"title":"How challenging is to manage agitated patients?","authors":"Daniel A Cavalcante, Ary Gadelha, Cristiano Noto","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2019-4105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2019-4105","url":null,"abstract":"How challenging is to manage agitated patients? Daniel A. Cavalcante,0000-0002-6684-4201 Ary Gadelha,0000-0002-0993-8017 Cristiano Noto0000-0002-2706-9118 Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clı́nicas (LiNC), Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Grupo de Atenção às Psicoses Iniciais (GAPi), UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Programa de Esquizofrenia (PROESQ), UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.","PeriodicalId":520767,"journal":{"name":"Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)","volume":" ","pages":"277-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2d/ae/bjp-41-04-277.PMC6804306.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40452311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translational evidence for ayahuasca as an antidepressant: what's next?","authors":"Rafael Guimarães Dos Santos, José Carlos Bouso","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2019-4104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2019-4104","url":null,"abstract":"Translational evidence for ayahuasca as an antidepressant: what’s next? Rafael Guimarães dos Santos,0000-0003-2388-4745 José Carlos Bouso Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), CNPq, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Fundación ICEERS, Barcelona, Spain.","PeriodicalId":520767,"journal":{"name":"Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)","volume":" ","pages":"275-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/82/07/bjp-41-04-275.PMC6804300.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40452435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and functional neuroimaging studies in generalized anxiety disorder: a systematic review.","authors":"Domenico Madonna,&nbsp;Giuseppe Delvecchio,&nbsp;Jair C Soares,&nbsp;Paolo Brambilla","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Brain imaging studies carried out in patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) have contributed to better characterize the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this disorder. The present study reviews the available functional and structural brain imaging evidence on GAD, and suggests further strategies for investigations in this field.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature review was performed in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar, aiming to identify original research evaluating GAD patients with the use of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging as well as diffusion tensor imaging.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The available studies have shown impairments in ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, posterior parietal regions, and amygdala in both pediatric and adult GAD patients, mostly in the right hemisphere. However, the literature is often tentative, given that most studies have employed small samples and included patients with comorbidities or in current use of various medications. Finally, different methodological aspects, such as the type of imaging equipment used, also complicate the generalizability of the findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Longitudinal neuroimaging studies with larger samples of both juvenile and adult GAD patients, as well as at risk individuals and unaffected relatives, should be carried out in order to shed light on the specific biological signature of GAD.</p>","PeriodicalId":520767,"journal":{"name":"Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)","volume":" ","pages":"336-362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37264490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of depression among patients with presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.","authors":"Karina M de Castro-Silva,&nbsp;Anna C Carvalho,&nbsp;Maria T Cavalcanti,&nbsp;Pedro da S Martins,&nbsp;José R França,&nbsp;Maria Oquendo,&nbsp;Afrânio L Kritski,&nbsp;Annika Sweetland","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate the prevalence of major depressive episode (MDE) in patients with presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis (pre-PTB, defined by cough lasting ≥ 3 weeks) and compare it between patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and without PTB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with pre-PTB (n=260) were screened for depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Those individuals with scores ≥ 10 were subsequently assessed with the depression module of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-Plus) to confirm diagnosis. Associations of categorical variables with PTB and MDE were calculated using the chi-square test and OR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PTB was confirmed in 98 patients (37.7%). A high proportion of both groups (active PTB and no PTB) screened positive for depression (60.2 vs. 62.1%, respectively). Among 159 patients who screened positive for depression, a subset of 97 (61.0%) were further evaluated with the MINI-Plus; current MDE was confirmed in 54.6% (53/97). On univariate and multivariate analysis, female sex was the only factor associated with the diagnosis of current MDE (p = 0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of MDE was high among individuals with prolonged respiratory symptoms, independent of PTB diagnosis. This is consistent with other studies of depression in primary care in Brazil.</p>","PeriodicalId":520767,"journal":{"name":"Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)","volume":" ","pages":"316-323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40535293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tourette's disorder and sexual offenses: psychiatric-forensic considerations.","authors":"Fernanda T Nunes,&nbsp;Lisieux E B Telles","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0420","url":null,"abstract":"and consistent with the idea that psychostimulant misuse may reflect a general tendency for greater substance use. In addition, the association with the variable university is consistent with the notion that psychostimulant misuse patterns vary widely locally and regionally. Overall, these results suggest it is reasonable to devise strategies to address psychostimulant misuse that take local factors (institutional or cultural, for example) into consideration, and following the same broad lines of strategies targeting other substances.","PeriodicalId":520767,"journal":{"name":"Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)","volume":" ","pages":"364-365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/27/f1/bjp-41-04-364.PMC6804308.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40452305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral, affective, and cognitive alterations induced by individual and combined environmental stressors in rats.","authors":"Francisco Diego Rabelo-da-Ponte,&nbsp;Jessica Maria Pessoa Gomes,&nbsp;Nathércia Lima Torres,&nbsp;João Ilo Coelho Barbosa,&nbsp;Geanne Matos de Andrade,&nbsp;Danielle Macedo,&nbsp;Bruno Ceppi","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate whether exposing rats to individual or combined environmental stressors triggers endophenotypes related to mood and anxiety disorders, and whether this effect depends on the nature of the behavior (i.e., innate or learned).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a three-phase experimental protocol. In phase I (baseline), animals subjected to mixed schedule of reinforcement were trained to press a lever with a fixed interval of 1 minute and a limited hold of 3 seconds. On the last day of phase I, an open-field test was performed and the animals were divided into four experimental groups (n=8/group). In phase II (repeated stress), each group was exposed to either hot air blast (HAB), paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) or both (HAB+PSD group) on alternate days over a 10-day period. Control group animals were not exposed to stressors. In phase III (post-stress evaluation), behavior was analyzed on the first (short-term effects), third (mid-term effects), and fifth (long-term effects) days after repeated stress.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PSD group presented operant hyperactivity, the HAB group presented spontaneous hypoactivity and anxiety, and the HAB+PSD group presented spontaneous hyperactivity, operant hypoactivity, impulsivity, loss of interest, and cognitive impairment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A combination of environmental stressors (HAB and PSD) may induce endophenotypes related to bipolar disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":520767,"journal":{"name":"Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)","volume":" ","pages":"289-296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37249662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic, psychiatric, and personality correlates of non-prescribed use of amphetamine medications for academic performance among medical students.","authors":"Gelline M Haas,&nbsp;Ana Clara Momo,&nbsp;Thaís M Dias,&nbsp;Tosin A Ayodele,&nbsp;Marcelo L Schwarzbold","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0328","url":null,"abstract":"Use of psychostimulants without a medical indication to supposedly improve academic performance is common among medical students, but its correlates remain poorly understood. In this cross-sectional study (Plataforma Brasil ethical approval 52982815.9.0000.5636), we explored sociodemographic, psychiatric, and personality factors associated with this phenomenon. Students from all semesters of two universities (A, public, and B, private) in the metropolitan area of Florianópolis (state of Santa Catarina, Brazil) were invited, at the start or the end of classes, to answer an anonymous, self-report questionnaire about methylphenidate or lisdexamfetamine use patterns, gender, living situation, household monthly income per capita, and last-month cannabis use, as well as complete the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Consumption (AUDIT-C), 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4), Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Self-Report Scale (ASRS), and Big Five Inventory (BFI) instruments. Of 707 students enrolled, 698 (98.7%) completed the questions about methylphenidate or lisdexamfetamine use. Of these, 81.8% had never used these medications, 7.0% had ever used them with a medical prescription, and 11.2% had ever used them without a prescription. Students with prescribed use were excluded due to likely ADHD. Of those with non-prescribed use, 28.2% (n=22) used in the past month (median [interquartile interval], 2.0 [1.0-6.3] days of use in this period) and 71.8% (n=56) had done so more than 1 month before (2.0 [0.0-4.0] days of use in the past year). Motivations for non-prescribed use (more than one could be endorsed) were to study longer (84.6%), increase concentration (46.2%), stay awake (28.2%), experiment (15.4%), and party (10.3%). First, we performed preliminary analyses (MannWhitney or chi-square tests) comparing students with non-prescribed use for academic performance (to study longer, increase concentration, or stay awake; n=71, or 10.2% of the sample) to students without use (n=571). Non-prescribed use for academic performance was significantly associated (p o 0.05) with studying in University B, older age, last-month cannabis use, higher AUDIT-C and lower BFI conscientiousness scores, and screening positive in the ASRS (score of 24 or greater in part A or B). We then simultaneously entered these variables into a multiple logistic regression model to define independent significant associations (Table 1). Assumptions: numerical variables met the logit linearity assumption in the Box-Tidwell test (p 4 0.05); no numerical variables showed a tolerance o 0.1 or a variance inflation factor 4 5; no cases had a Cook’s distance 4 1; 15 cases had an absolute standardized residual 4 3; an analysis excluding these cases improved model fit (Hosmer-Lemeshow p = 0.74; Nagelkerke’s R = 0.35; c = 0.88), but did not change significance patterns. Although many studies have addressed non-prescribed use of psychostimulant medication among ","PeriodicalId":520767,"journal":{"name":"Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)","volume":" ","pages":"363-364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/29/be/bjp-41-04-363.PMC6804301.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40540993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article doi: 10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0221].</p>","PeriodicalId":520767,"journal":{"name":"Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)","volume":" ","pages":"367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a9/4b/bjp-41-04-367.PMC6804312.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37266897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological distress among transgender people in Brazil: frequency, intensity and social causation - an ICD-11 field study.","authors":"Maria I Lobato,&nbsp;Bianca M Soll,&nbsp;Angelo Brandelli Costa,&nbsp;Alexandre Saadeh,&nbsp;Daniel A M Gagliotti,&nbsp;Ana Fresán,&nbsp;Geoffrey Reed,&nbsp;Rebeca Robles","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe self-reported experiences of gender incongruence related to discomfort and body changes to be more congruent to the desired gender, and to examine whether experiences of psychological distress related to gender identity were more strongly related to the experience of gender incongruence per se or to experiences of social rejection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This field study used a structured interview design in a purposive sample of transgender adults (aged >18 years or older) receiving health-care services in two main reference centers in Brazil.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A high proportion of participants (90.3%, n=93) reported experiencing psychological distress related to their gender identity and report having experienced social rejection related to their gender identity during the interview index period and that rejection by friends was the only significant predictor for psychological distress.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Gender incongruence variables were not significant predictors of distress. This result supports the recent changes proposed by the Word Health Organization in ICD-11 to move transgender conditions from the Mental and Behavioral Disorders chapter to a new chapter on Sexual Disorders and Conditions Related to Sexual Health.</p>","PeriodicalId":520767,"journal":{"name":"Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)","volume":" ","pages":"310-315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37032990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol misuse among women in Brazil: recent trends and associations with unprotected sex, early pregnancy, and abortion.","authors":"Luciana T S Massaro,&nbsp;Renata R Abdalla,&nbsp;Ronaldo Laranjeira,&nbsp;Raul Caetano,&nbsp;Ilana Pinsky,&nbsp;Clarice S Madruga","doi":"10.1590/1516-4446-2017-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2017-0024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study compared the rates of binge drinking (BD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) reported for 2006 with those reported for 2012, exploring their associations with unprotected sex, early pregnancy, and abortion in a representative sample of women in Brazilian households.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a descriptive analysis of data from a cross-sectional study involving randomized multistage cluster sampling of the population ≥ 14 years of age. Weighted prevalence rates and odds ratios were estimated, and serial mediation analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 4,256 women were analyzed. The BD prevalence was 35.1% and 47.1% in 2006 and 2012, respectively, a significant increase, especially among women 40-59 years of age. There was no significant difference in AUD prevalence. BD (without AUD) was found to increase the odds of unprotected sex and abortion. The path analysis showed that early pregnancy was a mediator of the relationship between alcohol consumption and abortion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among women in Brazil, the harmful use of alcohol is increasing, which has an impact on female reproductive health and exposure to risks. There is a need for specific prevention initiatives focusing on alcohol-related behaviors in women.</p>","PeriodicalId":520767,"journal":{"name":"Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)","volume":" ","pages":"131-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1590/1516-4446-2017-0024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40535296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}