ORL; journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its related specialties最新文献

{"title":"Risk Factors for Intubation-Related Laryngeal Granulomas: A Prospective Study in Surgical Patients.","authors":"Takashi Wada, Machiko Kimura, Yasuhiro Arai, Nobuhiko Oridate","doi":"10.1159/000553227","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000553227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: This study aimed to determine the frequency of intubation-related laryngeal granulomas (ILGs) after surgery under general anesthesia and identify risk factors, with a focus on tube type and duration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-center prospective cohort (November 2012-September 2013) of adults undergoing elective surgery expected to last at least 5 h with intubation was conducted. Fiberoptic laryngoscopy was performed on the day after extubation and at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Candidate variables included tube type (single lumen vs. double lumen [DLT]), intubation duration, Cormack-Lehane grade, intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), gastroesophageal reflux disease, body mass index, sex, and age. Associations were evaluated using univariate tests and multivariable logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty patients were analyzed (median age, 73 years; 19 men). Cardiovascular surgery accounted for 25 of 40 cases (62.5%); DLTs were used in 6 of 40 (15.0%) and TEE in 22 of 40 (55.0%). Mucosal changes (erythema/white plaque) were observed on day 1 in 18 of 40 patients (45.0%). ILG was detected at 1 week in 10 of 40 patients (25.0%), including nine after cardiovascular surgery. Eight of 10 cases (80%) resolved spontaneously by 1 month, whereas 2 of 10 (20%) enlarged and required 2 months of inhaled steroid therapy, with complete resolution by 3 months. Univariate analysis revealed that both intubation duration ≥13 h (p = 0.014) and DLT use (p = 0.026) were significantly associated with ILG. In multivariable analysis, intubation duration ≥13 h (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 10.697, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.639-69.828; p = 0.013) and DLT use (aOR: 14.521, 95% CI: 1.531-137.680; p = 0.020) were independent risk factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this cohort, ILG was detected in 25% of patients at 1 week post-extubation and typically resolved within 1 month. Prolonged intubation and DLT use were independently associated with increased ILG risk. High-risk patients - particularly those with prolonged intubation or DLT exposure - may benefit from selection of the smallest appropriate DLT when required and targeted laryngoscopy within 1 month. These findings should be interpreted cautiously, given the small sample and single-center design. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":520736,"journal":{"name":"ORL; journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its related specialties","volume":" ","pages":"40-46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13436923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148298637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posterior Nasal Neurectomy for Allergic and Non-Allergic Rhinitis: Efficacy, Safety, and Predictive Factors.","authors":"Idit Tessler, Ramit Maoz Segal, Daniel Hilewitz, Gabriel Nakache, Arkadi Yakirevitch","doi":"10.1159/000553271","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000553271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: Posterior nasal neurectomy (PNN) is a relatively safer modification of the Vidian neurectomy procedure. It can be recommended for patients with moderate to severe chronic (allergic and non-allergic) rhinitis that is resistant to conservative treatment. The procedure aims to transect the neural network that is responsible for excessive secretion. Here, we present our experience with PNN, evaluating its efficacy and safety.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients who underwent PNN between 2020 and 2024 at Sheba Medical Center were included in this study. The severity of nasal discharge was evaluated using a visual analogue score (VAS) before the surgery and at least 3 months afterward. Surgical success was defined as a VAS reduction of at least 50%. Data regarding demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as VAS scores, were collected and compared between the groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 37 patients who underwent the PNN procedure were eligible for analysis. The mean follow-up was 59.3 ± 28.5 months. Surgical success was achieved in 30 of 37 (81.1%) patients, with a reduction in VAS from 8.5 ± 1.1 to 2.1 ± 1.0. In the failure group (n = 7, 18.9%), the VAS decreased from 9.0 ± 1.4 to 7.3 ± 2.0. Comparing the two groups revealed that patients in the failure group were significantly older (51.6 ± 25.2 vs. 28.5 ± 15.8 years; p = 0.05). Atopy patients showed greater VAS improvement compared to non-allergic patients (6.3 ± 1.6 vs. 4.8 ± 2.5; p = 0.032). No significant impact on success rates was observed for concurrent inferior submucosal conchotomy. No major postoperative complications were noted; however, 2 of 37 patients (5.4%) reported transient nasal itching.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PNN is an effective and safe treatment for intractable chronic rhinitis. PNN could be considered mainly in young atopic patients with allergic rhinitis resistant to conservative treatment. It should be considered as an alternative option for patients who are unwilling or contraindicated to allergen immunotherapy. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":520736,"journal":{"name":"ORL; journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its related specialties","volume":" ","pages":"52-59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13472588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148379562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Role of PD-L1 and IDO-1 Expression in Sinonasal Carcinoma.","authors":"Daria Rometsch, Frank Simon, Philipp Göttker, Felix Simon Heitkötter, Armands Riders, Claudia Rudack, Maximilian Oberste","doi":"10.1159/000546118","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sinonasal carcinomas (SNC) are rare, aggressive tumours with complex immunological aspects. Still, prognostic markers are missing. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between immune checkpoints - specifically programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and Indolamin-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1) - and clinical parameters in SNC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this monocentric study immunohistochemical analysis of the checkpoints PD-L1 and IDO-1 was carried out retrospectively in 85 SNC patients from 2004 to 2018. Tumour proportion score (TPS), combined positive score (CPS) and combined IDO-1 score classified the PD-L1 and IDO-1 expression. The study was conducted in a specialized tertiary care centre, indicating comprehensive multidisciplinary care with surgical, radiotherapeutic, and systemic treatment intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a median observation period of 41 months, 52 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC, 61%) and 33 adenocarcinomas (AC, 39%) were included. A total of 31 patients (37%) were classified in UICC IV, 89.4% (n = 76) received a primary resection. Three-year progression-free survival (PFS)/overall survival (OS) rates were 63.6%/81.4% in SCC and 73.1%/82.5% in AC, respectively. Sinonasal AC showed significantly more frequently negative PD-L1 expression and CPS <1 compared to sinonasal SCC (p = 0.035, p = 0.002). Sinonasal SCC with TPS score >50%, combined low IDO-1 score and high UICC stage showed significantly worse 3-year PFS and OS values (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study identifies PD-L1 and IDO-1 as possible prognostic factors for sinonasal SCC, but less so for sinonasal AC. A TPS score >50% and combined low IDO-1 score correlate with shortened 3-year PFS and OS in sinonasal SCC. Immune checkpoints could, therefore, represent important target molecules for the prognosis assessment of sinonasal SCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":520736,"journal":{"name":"ORL; journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its related specialties","volume":" ","pages":"98-107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Intranasal Insulin for the Treatment of Olfactory Dysfunction: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Atheer Ali Al-Talhi, Bassam AlRajhi, Abdulaziz Hamed S Almalki, Mohamed Alqazenli, Muhnnad Abdulaziz AlGhamdi, Fadi Abdu Munhish, Ibrahim Sumaily","doi":"10.1159/000550990","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of intranasal insulin (INI) for the treatment of olfactory dysfunction (OD) in patients with anosmia and/or hyposmia compared to placebo or no treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched four databases: Medline, Scopus, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and Springer Nature. The study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (ID: CRD42023456891). The protocol design was in accordance with the PRISMA. Participants with hyposmia or anosmia aged ≥18 years were included. Patients with an altered sense of smell due to anatomical malformations, trauma, neurodegenerative diseases, surgery, or intranasal lesions were excluded from the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five studies with 131 participants were included. There were 131 participants, of whom 63 were men and 68 were women. The participants' ages ranged from 16 to 56 years. Almost all studies used a dose of 40 IU, except one that used different doses for different participants. Glycemic assessment was performed in three studies, which showed a very slight decrease in glucose, except in one study in which the drop in glucose reached 10.4 mg/dL. All studies agreed that olfactory function improved after INI administration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This systematic review concluded that INI can be an effective treatment option for patients with OD. However, further well-designed clinical trials are required to establish robust clinical recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":520736,"journal":{"name":"ORL; journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its related specialties","volume":" ","pages":"197-207"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147319380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Otolaryngology Residency Application Trends and Match Outcomes at a Large Academic Medical Center.","authors":"Ezer H Benaim, Lauren M Cook, Aurelia Monk, Cameron P Worden, John B Henrich, Kevin C Wang, Didong Li, Rupali N Shah, Adam J Kimple, Robert A Buckmire, Lauren K Leeper, Christine E DeMason, Brian D Thorp","doi":"10.1159/000548976","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000548976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite significant changes over the past 5 years, the otolaryngology head and neck surgery (OHNS) residency application process remains highly competitive. This study assessed how applicant and medical school characteristics predict success in entering OHNS residency programs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>1,363 application files submitted to a single academic OHNS residency program during the 2019-2020, 2020-2021, and 2023-2024 cycles were reviewed. Applicant characteristics, Step scores, medical school rankings, geographic locations, and research productivity were analyzed. T-tests and chi-square tests were used for comparative analyses, while linear modeling identified match success predictors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Applications declined in the 2023-2024 cycle compared to earlier cycles. Although mean Step 1 scores predicted success previously, they lost significance in 2023‒2024. Step 2 scores remained reliable predictors across cycles (p = 0.021), with matched applicants consistently scoring higher (e.g., 2023-2024 mean: 255.8 ± 11.4 vs. 249.1 ± 14.3, p < 0.001). Research productivity increased throughout cycles, with matched applicants demonstrating higher output (e.g., 2023-2024 mean publications: 5.4 ± 6.3 vs. 4.4 ± 7.3, p < 0.001). Research fellowships increased (26.6% in 2023-2024) and were notably linked to higher productivity, especially for applicants from lower ranked schools. Modeling indicated that Step 2 scores, medical school rankings, and research output significantly predict match success.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fewer applications were received in the 2023-2024 cycle, and Step 1 scores lost their predictive value, reflecting recent evaluation changes. Still, Step 2 scores and research productivity remain crucial for match success, suggesting their increasing relevance for applicants seeking OHNS residencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":520736,"journal":{"name":"ORL; journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its related specialties","volume":" ","pages":"180-192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12812286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secondary Eyelid Weight Surgery in Patients with Facial Paralysis.","authors":"Charles M Henry, Haley M Hullfish, Chloe Mattila, Elizabeth G Hill, Michelle S Hwang","doi":"10.1159/000551931","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Paralytic lagophthalmos in the setting of facial paralysis results in exposure keratopathy and places patients at risk for corneal injury and long-term sequelae. Upper eyelid weight implantation restores passive eyelid closure and increases protection of the cornea. While effective, some patients ultimately require secondary surgery. The factors associated with eyelid weight revision remain incompletely characterized. This study identifies clinical and surgical factors associated with secondary eyelid weight surgery (replacement or removal) among patients with facial paralysis at a tertiary academic medical center.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients who underwent eyelid weight placement for incomplete eye closure secondary to unilateral facial paralysis between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2023. Data collected included demographics, etiology of paralysis, history of radiation therapy, paralysis severity and recovery, implant characteristics, and adjunctive facial reanimation procedures. Statistical analyses compared patient and procedural factors associated with receiving secondary surgery, and among secondary cases, between those who underwent replacement versus removal.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-four patients met inclusion criteria, and 21 (22.3%) underwent secondary surgery. The most common indication for revision was recovery of facial nerve function (7, 33.3%), followed by bothersome symptoms (6, 28.6%), extrusion (5, 23.8%), and incomplete eye closure (3, 14.3%). Patients with partial or complete recovery of paralysis were significantly more likely to undergo secondary surgery compared with those without recovery (61.8% vs. 22%; p < 0.001). A history of radiation therapy before or after eyelid weight implantation to the head and neck was not significantly associated with revision (p = 0.4). There were no significant differences with respect to age, gender, severity of paralysis, etiology, implant material, or procedural setting.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Secondary eyelid weight surgery was primarily associated with recovery of facial function followed by persistent ocular symptoms and extrusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":520736,"journal":{"name":"ORL; journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its related specialties","volume":" ","pages":"247-253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147655589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimulating the Human Olfactory Bulb to Evoke Smell Perception: A Case Report from Awake Brain Surgery.","authors":"Coralie Mignot, Susanne Weise, Stephan B Sobottka, Moustafa Bensafi, Dino Podlesek, Thomas Hummel","doi":"10.1159/000550235","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: Approximately one-third of patients with olfactory dysfunction would consider the option of an olfactory implant, a device that would sample odorants and translate this information into an electrical stimulation of the brain to produce an olfactory percept. However, the brain location for placement of such a device is to date still debated. Case Presentation: We describe the single-case of a patient with left-sided frontotemporal astrocytoma who reported perceiving a lemon smell after electrical stimulation in the olfactory bulb. Conclusion: The awake-brain surgery provides a unique opportunity to test how smell percepts are formed at the central level in humans. This information is critical in the emerging field of olfactory implants. The present case emphasizes the significant role of the olfactory bulb as a target structure for the placement of an olfactory prosthesis. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":520736,"journal":{"name":"ORL; journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its related specialties","volume":" ","pages":"193-196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12880826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145822669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Impact Laryngotracheal Trauma: A Combined Narrative and Systematic Review Evaluating Gaps in the Current Laryngeal Injury Reporting System.","authors":"Asimakis D Asimakopoulos, Kishore Sandu","doi":"10.1159/000549780","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: External neck trauma represents a potentially life-threatening clinical scenario. Blunt and penetrating injuries are the primary etiologies and may result in laryngeal injuries with concurrent tracheal involvement. High-impact or high-energy laryngotracheal trauma arises from diverse mechanisms; therefore, injury reporting must account for varied patterns and incorporate any synchronous tracheal injury, thereby establishing a more effective framework for managing complex external airway trauma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 7 patients experiencing high-intensity extreme laryngotracheal trauma were retrospectively analyzed, focusing on injury mechanisms, clinical presentations, site and grade of injury, imaging findings, management approaches and outcomes. In parallel, a PRISMA-guided search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science (January 1980-April 2025) identified English language case series reporting ≥5 patients. Data on injury mechanisms, Schaefer-Fuhrman grade, management, and outcomes were extracted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven cases of severe laryngotracheal trauma with varying mechanisms are presented, including closed glottis barotrauma, penetrating and blunt neck injury, accidental strangulation, prolonged labor and rough manipulation of a vertex presentation, clothesline injury, and post-intubation injury. The obstetric patient did not survive, while other patients underwent prompt airway stabilization with favorable functional outcomes. The systematic review incorporated 11 studies: blunt trauma predominated (65-75%), severe injuries (Schaefer grades III-V) accounted for one-half of cases, and overall mortality was 2%. Tracheal extension, including cricotracheal separation, was predominantly reported after high-impact blunt trauma in several studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current classification system for external laryngeal trauma does not adequately capture the severity or anatomical complexities of high-impact laryngotracheal injuries. Our experience, supported by pooled literature data, underscores the limitations of laryngeal-only grading. Incorporating both the mechanism and extent of injury is essential to improve clinical decision-making, guide treatment strategies, and ultimately, enhance patient outcomes and prognosis. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":520736,"journal":{"name":"ORL; journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its related specialties","volume":" ","pages":"218-229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12818889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145679931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digitizing Olfactory Assessment in Portugal: Pilot Clinical Application of a Digital Odor Identification Test.","authors":"Francisco Alves de Sousa, Márcio Nakanishi, Mariline Santos, Ana Nóbrega Pinto, Claúdia Galvão, Thomas Hummel","doi":"10.1159/000547473","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: Current methods for olfactory assessment are often time-consuming and necessitate the involvement of an examiner for both administration and documentation of responses. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of a novel digital olfactory device, the MultiScent-20 odor identification test (MultiScent-IT), in distinguishing individuals with olfactory dysfunction from those with normal olfactory function.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The work was conducted and reported in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement for case-control studies. The test was administered to individuals with olfactory dysfunction (cases) and normosmic volunteers (controls), who were classified using the Sniffin' Sticks threshold test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A statistically significant difference was observed in the total test scores between cases (9.6 ± 4.5) and controls (13.2 ± 1.9), p = 0.01. The test performance, defined as (total score/total time) × 100, was significantly lower in cases (1.9 ± 1.4) compared to controls (3.2 ± 1), p = 0.016. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.749, indicating a fair to good ability of the MultiScent-IT to discriminate between the groups. A MultiScent-IT score below 10 demonstrated perfect sensitivity (100%) in detecting olfactory dysfunction. Significant correlations were identified between the MultiScent-IT score and the Sniffin' Sticks threshold score (p = 0.009, r = 0.524), as well as the Portuguese version of the Olfactory Disorders Questionnaire (PT-ODQ) score (p = 0.013, r = -0.423).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MultiScent-IT is a promising tool for differentiating between individuals with and without olfactory dysfunction in clinical settings. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":520736,"journal":{"name":"ORL; journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its related specialties","volume":" ","pages":"143-152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144791813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Airway Endoscopy Findings in Children with Recurrent Croup.","authors":"Jane Y Tong, Charlyn Gomez, Nicholas Randolph, Kevin D Pereira, Amal Isaiah","doi":"10.1159/000547196","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy (MLB) is frequently performed to identify subglottic pathology in recurrent croup. However, the reported incidence of positive findings that could alter management or require intervention varies widely. We sought to determine the utility of endoscopic airway evaluation in this setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All MLBs performed by three pediatric otolaryngologists at a tertiary care academic children's hospital from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2023, were retrospectively reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-two MLBs were performed for recurrent croup. Forty-four (71.0%) patients were male. The mean age was 4.3 years (95% confidence interval, 3.7-4.9). Ten (16.1%) patients were born preterm. Despite serving a predominantly Medicaid-insured minority population, 59.7% of the referred children were privately insured and 85.5% were white. Twenty-one (33.9%) had abnormal findings on MLB, though most were relatively minor. Only 3 (4.8%) patients demonstrated subglottic stenosis, two classified as Cotton-Myer grade I and one as grade II, with the latter undergoing dilation. Preterm birth, younger age, history of intubation, or inpatient otolaryngology consultation were significantly associated with abnormal findings on MLB.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MLB performed in children with recurrent croup has a low incidence of subglottic pathology. Those who could benefit from surgical intervention have characteristics that could identify them preoperatively. Healthcare disparities may significantly influence patterns of referral for MLBs. These results could help the discussion around procedure appropriateness and shared decision-making with caregivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":520736,"journal":{"name":"ORL; journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its related specialties","volume":" ","pages":"126-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144556557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}