Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)最新文献

{"title":"Intoxication with a tropenol ester.","authors":"A Muttray,&nbsp;M Schneider,&nbsp;S Letzel","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqs032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqs032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While the effects of medicinal products are investigated in depth before approval, often very little is known about the intermediates occurring during synthesis. The pharmacological properties of these intermediates can differ substantially from those of the end product.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To describe a work accident involving intoxication with such an intermediate, tropenol ester.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A healthy 40-year-old chemical-technical operative erroneously used a scrubbing brush that had just been used to clear up tropenol ester, contaminating his work clothes. Presumably, contact was made with his skin when removing his work clothes later. Shortly thereafter, he developed signs of anticholinergic intoxication with mydriasis, dry mouth, abnormal coordination and later sleepiness and seizures. The patient received intensive medical treatment. Two weeks later, the anticholinergic symptoms had subsided. Qualitative analysis of a urine sample showed traces of tropenol ester. The substance is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The clinical symptoms and biomonitoring suggest that intoxication with tropenol ester had occurred, which, as a tertiary amine, readily passes through the blood-brain barrier. The protracted course suggests high affinity for the receptor. Appropriate safety precautions must be taken when handling research substances and intermediates of unknown toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":520727,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":"305-7"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/occmed/kqs032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40192246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The presentation and natural history of asbestos-induced diffuse pleural thickening.","authors":"V Jeebun,&nbsp;S C Stenton","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqs028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqs028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Three forms of asbestos-related benign pleural disease are recognized: discrete pleural plaques, pleural effusions and diffuse pleural fibrosis. Of these, diffuse pleural fibrosis is the most significant on account of its chronicity and associated morbidity.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The objectives of this study were to determine the latency of asbestos-induced diffuse pleural fibrosis, its presenting features and its clinical course once established.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective review of 75 patients with asbestos-induced diffuse pleural fibrosis referred for assessment at our institution from 1992 to 2007. Diffuse pleural fibrosis was considered to be present if there was obliteration of the costophrenic angle in continuity with at least 3-mm pleural thickening, in accordance with the International Labour Organization 2000 Classification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median latency for development of diffuse pleural fibrosis from first asbestos exposure was 34 years. Seventy-three per cent of patients had unilateral disease at presentation and 24% of these were observed to develop contralateral disease after a median of 2 years. Unilateral pleural disease was commonest on the right. Forty per cent of patients presented with pleural effusions preceding the development of diffuse pleural thickening. The median latency for development of pleural effusions from onset of exposures was 38 years. Eighty per cent of the pleural effusions were unilateral. Once established, pleural thickening was reported to have remained stable in 91% on the ipsilateral side.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study may help in providing further insight into the natural history of diffuse pleural fibrosis to guide the clinician in the management of this condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":520727,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":"266-8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/occmed/kqs028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40188412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The HSE indicator tool, psychological distress and work ability.","authors":"S Guidi,&nbsp;S Bagnara,&nbsp;G P Fichera","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqs021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqs021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) indicator tool is one of the most commonly used tools for assessing the risk of work-related stress. Few studies, however, have investigated whether and how its scales are related to psychological distress or other work-related health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate the relationship between the HSE indicator tool, psychological distress, as measured by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)-12, and work ability, assessed by the Work Ability Index (WAI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All the employees of a mid-sized bank in Italy were asked to fill in an anonymous cross-sectional questionnaire. The questionnaire was structured in four sections: the first one comprised socio-demographic questions and the other three corresponded, respectively, to the Italian translations of the GHQ-12, the HSE and the WAI questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four hundred and thirteen employees completed the questionnaire. The response rate was 99%. Controlling for age and gender, the indicator subscales were negatively associated with the adopted measures of psychological distress and work ability. The GHQ score was also highly correlated with the WAI score and able to explain ≈ 47% of its variance. The only subscale that was still significantly associated with the WAI after removing the effect of psychological distress was 'control'.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study presents new evidence for the validity of the HSE indicator tool to estimate the risk of work-related stress and suggests that most but not all the effects of psychosocial conditions on work ability might be mediated by the level of psychological distress induced by these conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":520727,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":"203-9"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/occmed/kqs021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40142460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What clinical records should we retain and for how long?","authors":"Ian Torrance","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqr203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqr203","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520727,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":"162-4"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/occmed/kqr203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39971123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Dr Gibson's article; mining remains a hazardous occupation.","authors":"Douglas Scarisbrick","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqs019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqs019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520727,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":"229"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/occmed/kqs019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39972312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective relationships between workplace sexual harassment and psychological distress.","authors":"M B Nielsen,&nbsp;S Einarsen","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqs010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqs010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exposure to workplace sexual harassment (SH) has been associated with impaired mental health, but longitudinal studies confirming the relationship are lacking.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To examine gender differences in prospective associations between SH and psychological distress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Baseline questionnaire survey data were collected in 2005 in a representative sample of Norwegian employees. Follow-up data were collected in 2007. SH was measured with the Bergen Sexual Harassment Scale. Psychological distress was measured with the 25 item Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25) with cases of psychological distress defined as having a mean score of <1.75. Variables were measured at both baseline and follow-up. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Response rates were 57% in 2005 and 75% in 2007 when the final cohort comprised 1775 respondents. After adjusting for baseline distress and age, exposure to SH at baseline was associated with psychological distress at follow-up among women [odds ratio (OR): 2.03; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2-3.39] but not men (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 0.72-2.43). Baseline distress was significantly related to SH at follow-up among men (OR: 3.03; 95% CI: 1.74-5.26) but not women (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 0.69-1.92).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study found that SH contributed to subsequent psychological distress among women. Workplace measures against SH would be expected to lead to a reduction in mental disorders. The finding that psychological distress predicts SH among men may indicate either a vulnerability factor or a negative perception mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":520727,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":"226-8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/occmed/kqs010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40142459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How I use it: search engines.","authors":"Nicola Cordell","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqs018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqs018","url":null,"abstract":"The strength and at the same time the challenge of the Internet is the vast amount of free information available, which continues to expand exponentially. The surface web is the part of the web most people browse and although large, covers only a fraction of the available information in the World Wide Web. Even just using the surface web, it is impossible to find information without either knowing the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) for a specific web page or using a search engine. Search engines such as Google or Alta Vista are programs designed to retrieve data published on the web. They work by sending out spiders or webcrawlers to fetch as many documents relating to keywords. The information on the Internet sites is then coded by a subsequent program and indexes it in a database (like filing books or journals in a library). These program using metatags created using HyperText Markup Language (html) related to keywords to ensure the data is retrievable when a specific search is requested by someone using the search engine. Algorithms are used to direct the search and rank the information with the assumption that increased frequency and location of keywords have higher relevance in a search than those with keywords being used less frequently or not in a prime location on the website. Metasearch engines such as Dogpile and Metacrawler are a special type of search engine that don’t create their own database but are programmed to search other search engine databases to provide broader searches. It should be noted that some search engines such as Google and Northern Light do not allow metasearching of their databases. When using search engines, it is useful to know what databases they are searching to ensure that the relevant data you require is accessible through that search engine. The deep web refers to the content that is contained in searchable databases but can’t be accessed by the spiders used by normal search engines. These include library databases, commercial andspecialized technical databases that may be indexed by people attaching specific metadata tags. Some metasearch engines such as Complete Planet and Pipl (which specifically searches for people on the deep web) are now overcoming these technological barriers to provide deeper searches in response to a query.","PeriodicalId":520727,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":"233-4"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/occmed/kqs018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39972542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The RMS Titanic.","authors":"Ken Addley,&nbsp;Paul McKeagney","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqs015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqs015","url":null,"abstract":"In ‘The RMS Titanic’, the authors explore the story of the famous Titanic cruise liner. They reflect on the magnitude of the ship, along with the hazardous conditions of its construction, among other things.","PeriodicalId":520727,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":"165-6"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/occmed/kqs015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39971647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tools for appraisal and revalidation--evaluation of regionally delivered workshops.","authors":"M G Braithwaite,&nbsp;R Thornton","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqs022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqs022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The advent of revalidation has created a need for occupational physicians to be provided with further advice on the preparation of their supporting information. A road show was delivered to the Society of Occupational Medicine (SOM) regional groups to meet the need. The objective of the road show was to improve delegates' confidence in the selection and development of supporting information for appraisal and revalidation by assembling a collection of tools.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To provide internal evaluation of the effectiveness of the road show.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The audience voting software Turning Point(®) was used to gather delegates' responses to various questions on their opinion and confidence self-rating. Data were then collated from all iterations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty per cent of delegates became more confident in the selection and development of supporting information for appraisal and revalidation, with the improvement in rating scores being highly significant (P < 0.001). The importance of audit and the use of self-reflective were emphasized.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Internal validation using Turning Point(®) was most useful. This was the first time that the SOM had used a road show format to deliver an educational topic. The road show format was successful, and other similar topics would benefit from a similar delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":520727,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":"220-2"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/occmed/kqs022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40143625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to psychosocial work factors in 31 European countries.","authors":"I Niedhammer,&nbsp;H Sultan-Taïeb,&nbsp;J-F Chastang,&nbsp;G Vermeylen,&nbsp;A Parent-Thirion","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqs020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqs020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although psychosocial work factors are recognized as major occupational risk factors, little information is available regarding the prevalence of exposure to these factors and the differences in exposure between countries.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To explore the differences in various psychosocial work exposures between 31 European countries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was based on a sample of 14,881 male and 14,799 female workers from the 2005 European Working Conditions Survey. Eighteen psychosocial work factors were studied: low decision latitude (skill discretion and decision authority), high psychological demands, job strain, low social support, iso-strain, physical violence, sexual harassment, bullying, discrimination, work-family imbalance, long working hours, high effort, job insecurity, low job promotion, low reward and effort-reward imbalance. Covariates were age, number of workers in household, occupation, economic activity, self-employed/employee, public/private sector and part/full time work. Statistical analysis was performed using multilevel logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences in all psychosocial work factors were observed between countries. The rank of the countries varied according to the exposure considered. However, some countries, especially Denmark, Netherlands and Norway, displayed a significantly lower prevalence of exposure to four factors or more, while some Southern and Eastern countries, especially Czech Republic, Greece, Lithuania and Turkey, had a higher prevalence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Differences in psychosocial work exposures were found between countries. This study is the first to compare a large set of psychosocial work exposures between 31 European countries. These findings may be useful to guide prevention policies at European level.</p>","PeriodicalId":520727,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":"196-202"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/occmed/kqs020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40143626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}