Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)最新文献

{"title":"Cat and dog sensitization in pet shop workers.","authors":"I Yilmaz,&nbsp;F Oner Erkekol,&nbsp;D Secil,&nbsp;Z Misirligil,&nbsp;D Mungan","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqt116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqt116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sensitivity and symptoms related to animal proteins have been investigated in various occupational groups. However, data from pet shops are limited.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate rates of sensitivity to cats and dogs among pet shop workers, to assess the relationship between sensitivity, allergen levels and symptoms and to investigate whether passive transport from pet shops to homes is possible.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pet shop workers underwent interviews with a questionnaire adapted from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Dust samples for allergen detection were collected from pet shops using a vacuum cleaner. Skin tests were performed with common allergens. Dust samples were also obtained from the houses of 7 workers and 12 control subjects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-one workers from 20 pet shops were included in the study. Thirteen (25%) workers reported work-related symptoms. Four workers had sensitivity to animal allergens. The mean cat/dog allergen levels from pet shops were 15.7 and 3.2 µg/g, respectively. There was no significant relationship between cat/dog allergen levels and work-related symptoms and sensitivity to pets. None of the dust samples collected from the homes of pet shop workers contained cat allergens. Dog allergen was detected in only one house (0.58 µg/g). Neither cat nor dog allergens were found in the homes of the 12 control subjects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although a quarter of pet shop workers reported work-related symptoms, sensitivity to cat and dog was low. These findings suggest that work-related symptoms may be due to other factors than cat and dog sensitivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":520727,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":"563-7"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/occmed/kqt116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40279744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational allergy to squid (Loligo vulgaris).","authors":"M Wiszniewska,&nbsp;D Tymoszuk,&nbsp;A Pas-Wyroślak,&nbsp;E Nowakowska-Świrta,&nbsp;D Chomiczewska-Skóra,&nbsp;C Pałczyński,&nbsp;J Walusiak-Skorupa","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqt025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqt025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Occupational allergy from exposure to squid has been rarely described, mainly as contact dermatitis or urticaria. Our report presents the first case of occupational asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis and contact urticaria to squid in a 33-year-old seafood production worker, with documented increased eosinophilia in the nasal and tear fluids after specific inhalation challenge test (SICT) with squid. IgE-mediated sensitization to squid was confirmed by positive skin prick test and opened skin test with squid extract. SICT demonstrated a direct and significant link between the exposure to squid and the allergic response from the respiratory system and conjunctiva.</p>","PeriodicalId":520727,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":"298-300"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/occmed/kqt025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40231436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational asthma and rhinitis caused by cyanoacrylate-based eyelash extension glues.","authors":"I Lindström,&nbsp;H Suojalehto,&nbsp;M-L Henriks-Eckerman,&nbsp;K Suuronen","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqt020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqt020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Eyelash extensions are applied on top of customers' lashes using instant glue containing cyano acrylate, known to cause occupational rhinitis (OR) and occupational asthma (OA). The number of beauty professionals applying these extensions is increasing due to their popularity.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To report on a case of OA with OR and a case of OR attributable to lash extension glue and to evaluate respiratory exposure in lash extension work.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two beauty professionals with suspected OA and/or OR underwent inhalation challenge, including both control challenge and work-mimicking challenges using the lash extension glue, each with a 24-h follow-up. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present were assessed during the lash extension glue challenge. The glues were analysed for their (meth)acrylate content.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both beauty professionals (case 1 and case 2) applied lash extensions regularly for several hours per day as part of their work and had work-related rhinitis. Case 1 had a longer history of lash extension work and also had asthmatic symptoms. The first lash extension glue challenge was negative in both cases, but positive OR reactions were detected in the second test. Case 1 also had a late asthmatic reaction. During the lash extension glue challenge, VOC were present in total concentrations below the irritant threshold and ethylcyanoacrylate (ECA) was detected in a concentration of 0.4mg/m(3). Chemical analysis of the glues revealed ECA was the major component.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Application of eyelash extensions using small amounts of cyanoacrylate-based glues can cause OA and OR.</p>","PeriodicalId":520727,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":"294-7"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/occmed/kqt020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40226439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Workplace injuries in Fiji: a population-based study (TRIP 7).","authors":"R Reddy,&nbsp;B Kafoa,&nbsp;I Wainiqolo,&nbsp;B Kool,&nbsp;D Gentles,&nbsp;E McCaig,&nbsp;S Ameratunga","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqt024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqt024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Workplace injury rates in low and middle-income countries are known to be high. Contemporary data on this topic from Pacific Island countries and territories are scant.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To describe the epidemiology of fatal and hospitalized workplace injuries in Fiji using a population-based trauma registry.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An analysis of data from a prospective population-based surveillance registry investigated the characteristics associated with workplace injuries resulting in death or hospital admission among people aged 15 years and older in Viti Levu, the largest island in the Republic of Fiji, from October 2005 to September 2006. Incidence rates were calculated using denominator data from the 2004-05 Fiji Employment Survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and eighty-nine individuals met the study eligibility criteria (including nine deaths). This corresponded to annual injury-related hospitalization and death rates of 73.4 and 3.7 per 100&emsp14;000 workers, respectively. Males accounted for 95% of injuries, and hospitalization rates were highest among those aged 15-29 years (33 per 100&emsp14;000 workers). Fijian and Indian workers had similar rates of admission to hospital (38.3 and 31.8 per 100&emsp14;000 workers, respectively). Fractures (40%) and 'cuts/bites/open wounds' (32%) were the commonest types of injury while 'being hit by a person or object' (34%), falls (27%) and 'cutting or piercing' injuries (27%) were the commonest mechanisms. Overall, 7% of injuries were deemed intentional.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Acknowledging the likely underestimation of the overall burden of workplace injuries, these findings support the need to identify context-specific risk factors and effective approaches to preventing workplace injuries in Fiji.</p>","PeriodicalId":520727,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":"284-6"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/occmed/kqt024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40231435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In this issue of Occupational Medicine.","authors":"Dipti Patel","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqs218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqs218","url":null,"abstract":"This edition of Occupational Medicine contains two papers about outbreaks of work-related respiratory disease [1,2]. The first of these reports an outbreak of silicosis among workers sandblasting jeans in Turkey. The second is an outbreak of extrinsic allergic alveolitis or hypersensitivity pneumonitis amongworkers in a car enginemanufacturing plant in the West Midlands of the UK. The outbreak of silicosis reported in Turkey is clearly a major occurrence with two deaths among a total of at least 14 probable cases, two cases having only equivocal evidence of disease. These cases occurred after only relatively brief periods of exposure in predominantly young and inexperienced workers. The authors highlight low awareness of the danger of silica among both employers and employees, and poorly controlled work conditions at a number of workshops. As the authors state, such an outbreak is ‘alarming’ and given that silicosis is a well-recognized disease, it represents a failure of preventive efforts at a number of different levels. The second outbreak in a UK engineering business, however, represents a different type of failure and one that can be squarely levelled at the employer. Allergic alveolitis due to metal working fluids is hardly a new disease, nor should it be unknown to a large engineering business in the UK [3]. While details of the workplace concerned are brief, this appears to be a major systems failure likely to be a consequence of management failure against the background of a failing company. Given the health and safety culture and resources in this country, it could be argued that the UK outbreak represents a greater failure than the Turkish outbreak, although the latter may only be the tip of an iceberg and has more serious consequences. These are not isolated occurrences, as witnessed by the ongoing incidence of work-related injury and illness in all countries where it is reported with anything approaching reasonable accuracy [4,5]. The frustration is that we know exactly how to prevent these work-related conditions but making it happen is a different matter. In the Turkish situation, there needs to be government action and legislative change to improve awareness, unless Western Europeans can be persuaded to change their fashion requirements. The second situation is one where occupational health has to look to itself and the role it can play in promoting health and safety culture within an organization. Those companies who have robust management systems which foster strong health and safety culture injure fewer of their employees and cause less work-related ill-health. They also reap the financial benefits. If companies cannot learn this lesson after 30 years of it being preached at them by the HSE, perhaps there needs to be a clearer link for a business between workrelated injury or illness and the business’s bottom line. To be most effective, this must be a clear ‘cause and effect’ relationship. At present, the financial consequences","PeriodicalId":520727,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/occmed/kqs218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40214869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sickness certification of patients--a work environment problem among physicians?","authors":"T Ljungquist,&nbsp;E Hinas,&nbsp;B Arrelöv,&nbsp;C Lindholm,&nbsp;A L Wilteus,&nbsp;G H Nilsson,&nbsp;K Alexanderson","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqs080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqs080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>According to several studies, physicians find sickness certification of patients to be problematic, and some smaller studies suggest that this is a psychosocial work environment problem (WEP).</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To explore to what extent physicians experience sickness certification as a WEP and the associations of this with the type of clinic and other workplace factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Analyses of data from a questionnaire sent to all physicians who were living and working in Sweden. The study group consisted of physicians aged <65 years who performed sickness certification tasks (SCTs). Prevalence rates (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of finding SCTs as a WEP in relation to background factors were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The response rate was 61%. The final study group consisted of 14 210 responders. Half of the physicians (50%) experienced SCTs as a WEP, and 11% found them as a WEP to a great extent. The proportion of physicians experiencing certification tasks as a WEP varied with the type of clinic and were highest in general practice (73%), orthopaedics (68%), rheumatology (67%), neurology (59%) and psychiatry (58%). Using internal medicine as a reference group, the PRs for finding SCTs as a WEP to a great extent were 4.05 (95% CI 3.23-5.09) in general practice, 2.67 (2.05-3.47) in psychiatry and 2.66 (2.04-3.47) in orthopaedics, after adjusting for educational level and frequency of sickness certification consultations. In ear, nose and throat clinics, the PR was 0.43 (0.21-0.88).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings underline the importance of measures to improve the work situation for physicians regarding sickness certification practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":520727,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":"23-9"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/occmed/kqs080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40214872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Francisco de Goya y Lucientes: the Injured Mason (El albanil herido) 1786-1787.","authors":"Mike McKiernan","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqs197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqs197","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520727,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":"5-6"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/occmed/kqs197","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40214871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Support for tomorrow's doctors: getting it right, meeting their needs.","authors":"Deborah Cohen,&nbsp;Melody Rhydderch","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqs179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqs179","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520727,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":"2-4"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/occmed/kqs179","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40214870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term sickness absence due to adjustment disorder.","authors":"C Catalina-Romero,&nbsp;J I Pastrana-Jiménez,&nbsp;M J Tenas-López,&nbsp;P Martínez-Muñoz,&nbsp;M Ruiz-Moraga,&nbsp;C Fernández-Labandera,&nbsp;E Calvo-Bonacho","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqs043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqs043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although adjustment disorder is frequently reported in clinical settings, scientific evidence is scarce regarding its impact on sickness absence and the variables associated with sickness absence duration.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To report sickness absence duration and to identify predictors of long-term sickness absence in patients with adjustment disorder.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational, prospective study included subjects with non-work-related sickness absence (>15 days) after a diagnosis of adjustment disorder. A stepwise logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the best predictors of long-term sickness absence (≥ 6 months).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 1182 subjects in the final analysis. The median duration of sickness absence due to adjustment disorder was 91 days. Twenty-two per cent of the subjects reported long-term sickness absence. After multivariate analysis, comorbidity (OR = 2.23, 95% CI 1.43-3.49), age (25-34 years old versus <25 years old: OR = 2.78, 95% CI 1.27-6.07; 35-44 years old versus <25 years old: OR = 3.70, 95% CI 1.71-7.99; 45-54 years old versus <25 years old: OR = 3.58, 95% CI 1.60-8.02; ≥ 55 years old versus <25 years old: OR = 6.35, 95% CI 2.64-15.31) and occupational level (blue collar versus white collar: OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.10-2.09) remained significantly associated with long-term sickness absence. Comorbidity was the strongest predictor.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is possible to predict long-term sickness absence due to adjustment disorder on the basis of demographic, work-related and clinical information available during the basic assessment of the patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":520727,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":"375-8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/occmed/kqs043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40192249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational and environmental cancer incidence and mortality in China.","authors":"P Li,&nbsp;S-S Deng,&nbsp;J-B Wang,&nbsp;A Iwata,&nbsp;Y-L Qiao,&nbsp;X-B Dai,&nbsp;P Boffetta","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqs016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqs016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Most cancers are due to environmental, occupational or other non-genetic factors and are potentially preventable.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To provide an evidence-based assessment of the burden of occupational and environmental-related cancers in China in 2005.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The population attributable fraction (PAF) was calculated based on the assumption of no occupational agent exposure. Relative risk estimates for specific cancers of interest and prevalence of exposure were mainly derived from large-scale studies. Data on cancer incidence and mortality was obtained from the Third National Death Cause Survey and cancer registries in China.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We estimated that a total of 48,511 deaths of cancer were attributable to occupational agents in China in 2005, with 34,975 among men (3.1% of all cancer deaths) and 13,536 among women (2.1%). A total of 59,410 incident cases of cancer were attributable to occupational agents in China in 2005, with 42,724 among men (2.8% of all cancer incident cases) and 16,686 among women (1.6%). The highest PAF was observed for mesothelioma with asbestos, followed by leukaemia, bladder and lung cancers. Indoor radon was responsible for 0.2% of lung cancer-related deaths among men and women.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Occupational agents represent an important cause of cancer, but indoor radon plays a relatively limited role in cancer causes in China. Our report provides strong evidence of the need for policy makers to develop strategies to reduce the risk of occupational cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":520727,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":"281-7"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/occmed/kqs016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40160624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}