Environmental health : a global access science source最新文献

{"title":"Response to the publication by Landrigan PJ, Straif K. Aspartame and cancer - new evidence causation.","authors":"Ashley Roberts","doi":"10.1186/s12940-021-00788-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-021-00788-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"106"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8456655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39436576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authors' response to Ashley Roberts' letter to the editor on aspartame and cancer.","authors":"Philip J Landrigan, Kurt Straif","doi":"10.1186/s12940-021-00789-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-021-00789-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"107"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8456653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39458345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change, extreme events, and increased risk of salmonellosis: foodborne diseases active surveillance network (FoodNet), 2004-2014.","authors":"Michele E Morgado,&nbsp;Chengsheng Jiang,&nbsp;Jordan Zambrana,&nbsp;Crystal Romeo Upperman,&nbsp;Clifford Mitchell,&nbsp;Michelle Boyle,&nbsp;Amy R Sapkota,&nbsp;Amir Sapkota","doi":"10.1186/s12940-021-00787-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-021-00787-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infections with nontyphoidal Salmonella cause an estimated 19,336 hospitalizations each year in the United States. Sources of infection can vary by state and include animal and plant-based foods, as well as environmental reservoirs. Several studies have recognized the importance of increased ambient temperature and precipitation in the spread and persistence of Salmonella in soil and food. However, the impact of extreme weather events on Salmonella infection rates among the most prevalent serovars, has not been fully evaluated across distinct U.S. regions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To address this knowledge gap, we obtained Salmonella case data for S. Enteriditis, S. Typhimurium, S. Newport, and S. Javiana (2004-2014; n = 32,951) from the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), and weather data from the National Climatic Data Center (1960-2014). Extreme heat and precipitation events for the study period (2004-2014) were identified using location and calendar day specific 95^th percentile thresholds derived using a 30-year baseline (1960-1989). Negative binomial generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the association between exposure to extreme events and salmonellosis rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed that extreme heat exposure was associated with increased rates of infection with S. Newport in Maryland (Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR): 1.07, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.01, 1.14), and Tennessee (IRR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.09), both FoodNet sites with high densities of animal feeding operations (e.g., broiler chickens and cattle). Extreme precipitation events were also associated with increased rates of S. Javiana infections, by 22% in Connecticut (IRR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.35) and by 5% in Georgia (IRR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.08), respectively. In addition, there was an 11% (IRR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04-1.18) increased rate of S. Newport infections in Maryland associated with extreme precipitation events.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, our study suggests a stronger association between extreme precipitation events, compared to extreme heat, and salmonellosis across multiple U.S. regions. In addition, the rates of infection with Salmonella serovars that persist in environmental or plant-based reservoirs, such as S. Javiana and S. Newport, appear to be of particular significance regarding increased heat and rainfall events.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"105"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8449873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39430442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reanalysis of the association between reduction in long-term PM_2.5 concentrations and improved life expectancy.","authors":"Sun-Young Kim,&nbsp;Arden C Pope,&nbsp;Julian D Marshall,&nbsp;Neal Fann,&nbsp;Lianne Sheppard","doi":"10.1186/s12940-021-00785-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-021-00785-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Much of the current evidence of associations between long-term PM_2.5 and health outcomes relies on national or regional analyses using exposures derived directly from regulatory monitoring data. These findings could be affected by limited spatial coverage of monitoring data, particularly for time periods before spatially extensive monitoring began in the late 1990s. For instance, Pope et al. (2009) showed that between 1980 and 2000 a 10 μg/m³ reduction in PM_2.5 was associated with an average 0.61 year (standard error (SE) = 0.20) longer life expectancy. That analysis used 1979-1983 averages of PM_2.5 across 51 U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) computed from about 130 monitoring sites. Our reanalysis re-examines this association using modeled PM_2.5 in order to assess population- or spatially-representative exposure. We hypothesized that modeled PM_2.5 with finer spatial resolution provides more accurate health effect estimates compared to limited monitoring data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used the same data for life expectancy and confounders, as well as the same analysis models, and investigated the same 211 continental U.S. counties, as Pope et al. (2009). For modeled PM_2.5, we relied on a previously-developed point prediction model based on regulatory monitoring data for 1999-2015 and back-extrapolation to 1979. Using this model, we predicted annual average concentrations at centroids of all 72,271 census tracts and 12,501 25-km national grid cells covering the contiguous U.S., to represent population and space, respectively. We averaged these predictions to the county for the two time periods (1979-1983 and 1999-2000), whereas the original analysis used MSA averages given limited monitoring data. Finally, we estimated regression coefficients for PM_2.5 reduction on life expectancy improvement over the two periods, adjusting for area-level confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 10 μg/m³ decrease in modeled PM_2.5 based on census tract and national grid predictions was associated with 0.69 (standard error (SE) = 0.31) and 0.81 (0.29) -year increases in life expectancy. These estimates are higher than the estimate of Pope et al. (2009); they also have larger SEs likely because of smaller variability in exposure predictions, a standard property of regression. Two sets of effect estimates, however, had overlapping confidence intervals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our approach for estimating population- and spatially-representative PM_2.5 concentrations based on census tract and national grid predictions, respectively, provided generally consistent findings to the original findings using limited monitoring data. This finding lends additional support to the evidence that reduced fine particulate matter contributes to extended life expectancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"102"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8439090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39412737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term personal air pollution exposure and risk for acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.","authors":"Ioannis Tomos,&nbsp;Konstantina Dimakopoulou,&nbsp;Effrosyni D Manali,&nbsp;Spyros A Papiris,&nbsp;Anna Karakatsani","doi":"10.1186/s12940-021-00786-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-021-00786-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urban air pollution is involved in the progress of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Its potential role on the devastating event of Acute Exacerbation of IPF (AE-IPF) needs to be clarified. This study examined the association between long-term personal air pollution exposure and AE- IPF risk taking into consideration inflammatory mediators and telomere length (TL).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All consecutive IPF-patients referred to our Hospital from October 2013-June 2019 were included. AE-IPF events were recorded and inflammatory mediators and TL measured. Long-term personal air pollution exposures were assigned to each patient retrospectively, for O₃, NO₂, PM_2.5 [and PM₁₀, based on geo-coded residential addresses. Logistic regression models assessed the association of air pollutants' levels with AE-IPF and inflammatory mediators adjusting for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>118 IPF patients (mean age 72 ± 8.3 years) were analyzed. We detected positive significant associations between AE-IPF and a 10 μg/m³ increase in previous-year mean level of NO₂ (OR = 1.52, 95%CI:1.15-2.0, p = 0.003), PM_2.5 (OR = 2.21, 95%CI:1.16-4.20, p = 0.016) and PM₁₀ (OR = 2.18, 95%CI:1.15-4.15, p = 0.017) independent of age, gender, smoking, lung function and antifibrotic treatment. Introduction of TL in all models of a subgroup of 36 patients did not change the direction of the observed associations. Finally, O₃ was positively associated with %change of IL-4 (p = 0.014) whilst PM_2.5, PM₁₀ and NO₂ were inversely associated with %changes of IL-4 (p = 0.003, p = 0.003, p = 0.032) and osteopontin (p = 0.013, p = 0.013, p = 0.085) respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Long-term personal exposure to increased concentrations of air pollutants is an independent risk factor of AE-IPF. Inflammatory mediators implicated in lung repair mechanisms are involved.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"99"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8406600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39370934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multigenerational endometriosis : consequence of fetal exposure to diethylstilbestrol ?","authors":"Laura Gaspari,&nbsp;Marie-Odile Soyer-Gobillard,&nbsp;Françoise Paris,&nbsp;Nicolas Kalfa,&nbsp;Samir Hamamah,&nbsp;Charles Sultan","doi":"10.1186/s12940-021-00780-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-021-00780-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endometriosis, which affects 10-15 % of women of reproductive age, is an estrogen-driven condition influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Exposition to estrogen-like endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been reported to contribute to the fetal origin of this disease.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report here an informative family in which all prenatally DES-exposed daughters and subsequent granddaughters presented endometriosis, whereas the unexposed first daughter and her progeny presented no gynecological disorders. Moreover, the only post-pubertal great-granddaughter, who presents chronic dysmenorrhea that remains resistant to conventional therapy, is at risk of developing endometriosis. The mother (I-2) was prescribed DES (30 mg/day for 3 months) to inhibit lactation after each delivery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although a direct causal link between the grandmother's treatment with DES and the development of endometriosis in possibly three exposed generations remains speculative, this report strengthens the suspicion that fetal exposition to DES contributes to the pathogenesis of adult diseases, such as endometriosis. It also highlights a multigenerational and likely transgenerational effect of EDCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"96"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8401160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39360593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the short-term effects of air pollution on health in the presence of exposure measurement error: a simulation study of multi-pollutant model results.","authors":"Dimitris Evangelopoulos, Klea Katsouyanni, Joel Schwartz, Heather Walton","doi":"10.1186/s12940-021-00757-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-021-00757-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Most epidemiological studies estimate associations without considering exposure measurement error. While some studies have estimated the impact of error in single-exposure models we aimed to quantify the effect of measurement error in multi-exposure models, specifically in time-series analysis of PM_2.5, NO₂, and mortality using simulations, under various plausible scenarios for exposure errors. Measurement error in multi-exposure models can lead to effect transfer where the effect estimate is overestimated for the pollutant estimated with more error to the one estimated with less error. This complicates interpretation of the independent effects of different pollutants and thus the relative importance of reducing their concentrations in air pollution policy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Measurement error was defined as the difference between ambient concentrations and personal exposure from outdoor sources. Simulation inputs for error magnitude and variability were informed by the literature. Error-free exposures with their consequent health outcome and error-prone exposures of various error types (classical/Berkson) were generated. Bias was quantified as the relative difference in effect estimates of the error-free and error-prone exposures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mortality effect estimates were generally underestimated with greater bias observed when low ratios of the true exposure variance over the error variance were assumed (27.4% underestimation for NO₂). Higher ratios resulted in smaller, but still substantial bias (up to 19% for both pollutants). Effect transfer was observed indicating that less precise measurements for one pollutant (NO₂) yield more bias, while the co-pollutant (PM_2.5) associations were found closer to the true. Interestingly, the sum of single-pollutant model effect estimates was found closer to the summed true associations than those from multi-pollutant models, due to cancelling out of confounding and measurement error bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our simulation study indicated an underestimation of true independent health effects of multiple exposures due to measurement error. Using error parameter information in future epidemiological studies should provide more accurate concentration-response functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8385952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39339794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human detection thresholds of DC, AC, and hybrid electric fields: a double-blind study.","authors":"Michael Kursawe,&nbsp;Dominik Stunder,&nbsp;Thomas Krampert,&nbsp;Andrea Kaifie,&nbsp;Sarah Drießen,&nbsp;Thomas Kraus,&nbsp;Kathrin Jankowiak","doi":"10.1186/s12940-021-00781-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-021-00781-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the course of the ongoing transition of electric energy systems, transmission corridors are often upgraded to higher voltages and other technologies leading to another quality of human exposure. The study aims to determine human detection thresholds for direct current (DC), alternating current (AC), and hybrid electric fields (various DC; constant AC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 203 participants were exposed to DC, AC, and hybrid electric fields (EFs) in a highly specialized whole-body exposure laboratory using a double-blind experimental setting. Additionally, the participants were exposed to ion currents in part of the DC and hybrid sessions. To investigate environmental influences, relative humidity was changed in two subgroups during EF perception. Methods derived from the signal detection theory and the adaptive staircase procedure based on the single interval adjustment matrix were used to assess individual sensitivity and detection thresholds, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that detection thresholds of hybrid EF were lower compared to single EF presentation of DC or AC. Ion current exposure enhanced EF perception. High relative humidity facilitated DC EF perception, whereas low relative humidity reinforced the perception of AC EFs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>With this systematic investigation of human perception of DC, AC, and hybrid EFs, detection thresholds were provided, which can help improve the construction processes of energy transmission systems and the prevention of unwanted sensory perception by contributing to the determination of limit values.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"92"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8380375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39332204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrafine particle levels measured on board short-haul commercial passenger jet aircraft.","authors":"Susan Michaelis,&nbsp;Tristan Loraine,&nbsp;C V Howard","doi":"10.1186/s12940-021-00770-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-021-00770-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Airline crew members report adverse health effects during and after inhalation exposure to engine oil fumes sourced to the air supply system onboard commercial and military aircraft. Most investigations into the causal factors of their reported symptoms focus on specific chemical contaminants in the fumes. The adverse health effects reported in aircrew exposed to the aircraft air supply, bled unfiltered off the engine or Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) may be related to particulate exposures, which are widely known to effect health. While oil contaminates the aircraft air supply, some suggest that this will only occur when there is a bearing seal failure, others document that there is low level oil contamination of the air supply during normal engine operation. This brief pilot study explores whether particulate exposure may be associated with the normal engine/APU and air supply operation and to therefore increase the understanding that UFP exposures may have on crew and passengers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An ultrafine particle counter was utilised by an experienced airline captain in the passenger cabin of four short-haul commercial passenger aircraft. All flights were under 90 min on aircraft from two different carriers ranging from 7 months to 14 years old.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>UFP concentrations showed maximum concentrations ranging from 31,300 to 97,800 particles/cm³ when APU was selected on as a source of air on the ground and with engine bleed air and the air conditioning packs selected on during the climb. In 2 of the 4 flights the peaks were associated with an engine oil smell. Increases in UFP particle concentrations occurred with changes in engine/APU power and air supply configuration changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identified increases in UFP concentrations associated with engine and APU power changes and changes in air supply configuration. These results correlated with times when engine and APU oil seals are known to be less effective, enabling oil leakage to occur. The concentrations reached in the passenger cabins exceeded those taken in other ground-based environments. UFP exposures in aircraft cabins during normal flight indicates there will be health consequences for long serving aircrew and some passengers.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"89"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8371761/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39332987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short term physician visits and medication prescriptions for allergic disease associated with seasonal tree, grass, and weed pollen exposure across the United States.","authors":"Shubhayu Saha,&nbsp;Ambarish Vaidyanathan,&nbsp;Fiona Lo,&nbsp;Claudia Brown,&nbsp;Jeremy J Hess","doi":"10.1186/s12940-021-00766-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-021-00766-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While year-round exposure to pollen is linked to a large burden of allergic diseases, location-specific risk information on pollen types and allergy outcomes are limited. We characterize the relationship between acute exposure to tree, grass and weed pollen taxa and two allergy outcomes (allergic rhinitis physician visit and prescription allergy medication fill) across 28 metropolitan statistical areas (MSA) in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We obtained daily pollen data from National Allergy Bureau (NAB) monitors at these 28 MSAs for 2008-2015. We revised the NAB guidelines to classify taxa-specific pollen severity each day. Daily information on allergic rhinitis and prescribed allergy medications for individuals with employer-based health insurance from the IBM MarketScan Research database for these MSAs. We combined the daily pollen and health data for each MSA into a longitudinal dataset. We conducted a MSA-specific conditional quasi-Poisson regression analysis to assess how different levels of pollen concentration impact the health outcomes, controlling for local air pollution, meteorology and Influenza-like illness (ILI). We used a random effects meta-analysis to produce an overall risk estimate for each pollen type and health outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The seasonal distribution of pollen taxa and associated health impacts varied across the MSAs. Relative risk of allergic rhinitis visits increased as concentrations increased for all pollen types; relative risk of medication fills increased for tree and weed pollen only. We observed an increase in health risk even on days with moderate levels of pollen concentration. 7-day average concentration of pollen had stronger association with the health outcomes compared to the same-day measure. Controlling for air pollution and ILI had little impact on effect estimates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This analysis expands the catalogue of associations between different pollen taxa and allergy-related outcomes across multiple MSAs. The effect estimates we present can be used to project the burden of allergic disease in specific locations in the future as well inform patients with allergies on impending pollen exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"85"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12940-021-00766-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39206135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}