Environmental health : a global access science source最新文献

{"title":"Evidence-to-decision frameworks: a review and analysis to inform decision-making for environmental health interventions.","authors":"Susan L Norris,&nbsp;Max T Aung,&nbsp;Nicholas Chartres,&nbsp;Tracey J Woodruff","doi":"10.1186/s12940-021-00794-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-021-00794-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence-to-decision (EtD) frameworks provide a structured and transparent approach for groups of experts to use when formulating recommendations or making decisions. While extensively used for clinical and public health recommendations, EtD frameworks are not in widespread use in environmental health. This review sought to identify, compare and contrast key EtD frameworks for decisions on interventions used in clinical medicine, public health or environmental health. This information can be used to develop an EtD framework suitable for formulating recommendations for interventions in environmental health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified a convenience sample of EtD frameworks used by a range of organizations. We searched Medline for systematic reviews of frameworks. We summarized the decision criteria in the selected frameworks and reviews in a qualitative manner.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Fourteen organizations provided 18 EtD frameworks; most frameworks focused on clinical medicine or public health interventions; four focused on environmental health and three on economic considerations. Harms of interventions were examined in all frameworks and benefits in all but one. Other criteria included certainty of the body of evidence (15 frameworks), resource considerations (15), feasibility (13), equity (12), values (11), acceptability (11), and human rights (2). There was variation in how specific criteria were defined. The five identified systematic reviews reported a similar spectrum of EtD criteria.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>The EtD frameworks examined encompassed similar criteria, with tailoring to specific audience needs. Existing frameworks are a useful starting point for development of one tailored to decision-making in environmental health.</p><p><strong>Funder: </strong>JPB Foundation.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"124"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8653547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39813399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the association between short-term exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide and respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes among healthy adults.","authors":"Hao Chen,&nbsp;Siqi Zhang,&nbsp;Wan Shen,&nbsp;Claudia Salazar,&nbsp;Alexandra Schneider,&nbsp;Lauren Wyatt,&nbsp;Ana G Rappold,&nbsp;David Diaz-Sanchez,&nbsp;Robert B Devlin,&nbsp;James M Samet,&nbsp;Haiyan Tong","doi":"10.1186/s12940-021-00809-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-021-00809-9","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Short-term exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) is associated with adverse respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes. Supplementation of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has shown protection against exposure to fine particulate matter. This study aims to investigate whether habitual omega-3 PUFA intake differentially modify the associations between respiratory and cardiovascular responses and short-term exposure to ambient NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Sixty-two healthy participants were enrolled into low or high omega-3 groups based on their habitual omega-3 PUFA intake. Each participant was repeatedly assessed for lung function, blood lipids, markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis, vascular function, and heart rate variability (HRV) in up to five sessions, each separated by at least 7 days. This study was carried out in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, USA between October 2016 and September 2019. Daily ambient NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations were obtained from an area air quality monitoring station on the day of outcome assessment (Lag0), 4 days prior (Lag1-4), as well as 5-day moving average (5dMA). The associations between short-term exposure to NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and the measured indices were evaluated using linear mixed-effects models stratified by omega-3 levels and adjusted by covariates including relative humidity and temperature.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The average concentration of ambient NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; during the study periods was 5.3±3.8 ppb which was below the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). In the high omega-3 group, an interquartile range (IQR) increase in short-term NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations was significantly associated with increased lung function [e.g. 1.2% (95%CI: 0.2%, 2.2%) in FVC at lag1, 2.6% (95%CI: 0.4%, 4.8%) in FEV1 at 5dMA], decreased blood lipids [e.g. -2.6% (95%CI: -4.4%, -0.9%) in total cholesterol at lag2, -3.1% (95%CI: -6.1%, 0.0%) in HDL at 5dMA, and -3.1% (95%CI: -5.5%, -0.7%) in LDL at lag2], improved vascular function [e.g. 8.9% (95%CI: 0.6%, 17.2%) increase in FMD and 43.1% (95%CI: -79.8%, -6.3%) decrease in endothelin-1 at 5dMA], and changed HRV parameters [e.g. -7.2% (95%CI: -13.6%, -0.8%) in HFn and 13.4% (95%CI: 0.2%, 28.3%) in LF/HF ratio at lag3]. In the low omega-3 group, an IQR increase in ambient NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; was associated with elevations in coagulation markers (von Willebrand Factor, D-dimer) and a decrease in HRV (very-low frequency); however, null associations were observed between short-term NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; exposure and changes in lung function, blood lipids, and vascular function.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The results in this study imply that dietary omega-3 PUFA consumption may offer respiratory and vascular benefits in response to short-term exposure of healthy adults to NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; levels below the NAAQS.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trial registration: &lt;/strong&gt;ClinicalTrials.gov (","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"123"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8650256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39699182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between ambient air pollutants and meteorological factors with SARS-CoV-2 transmission and mortality in India: an exploratory study.","authors":"Sumit Aggarwal, Sivaraman Balaji, Tanvi Singh, Geetha R Menon, Sandip Mandal, Jayaprakasam Madhumathi, Nupur Mahajan, Simran Kohli, Jasmine Kaur, Harpreet Singh, Kiran Rade, Samiran Panda","doi":"10.1186/s12940-021-00804-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-021-00804-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a serious public health concern worldwide. Certain regions of the globe were severely affected in terms of prevalence and mortality than other. Although the cause for this pattern is not clearly understood, lessons learned from previous epidemics and emerging evidences suggest the major role of ecological factors like ambient air pollutants (AAP) and meteorological parameters in increased COVID-19 incidence. The present study aimed to understand the impact of these factors on SARS-CoV-2 transmission and their associated mortality in major cities of India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used secondary AAP, meteorological and COVID-19 data from official websites for the period January-November 2020, which were divided into Pre-lockdown (January-March 2020), Phase I (April to June 2020) and Phase II (July to November 2020) in India. After comprehensive screening, five major cities that includes 48 CPCB monitoring stations collecting daily data of ambient temperature, particulate matter PM_2.5 and ₁₀ were analysed. Spearman and Kendall's rank correlation test was performed to understand the association between SARS-CoV-2 transmission and AAP and, meteorological variables. Similarly, case fatality rate (CFR) was determined to compute the correlation between AAP and COVID-19 related morality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The level of air pollutants in major cities were significantly reduced during Phase I compared to Pre-lock down and increased upon Phase II in all the cities. During the Phase II in Delhi, the strong significant positive correlation was observed between the AAP and SARS-CoV-2 transmission. However, in Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Kolkata and Mumbai AAP levels were moderate and no correlation was noticed. The relation between AT and SARS-CoV-2 transmission was inconclusive as both positive and negative correlation observed. In addition, Delhi and Kolkata showed a positive association between long-term exposure to the AAP and COVID-19 CFR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings support the hypothesis that the particulate matter upon exceeding the satisfactory level serves as an important cofactor in increasing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and related mortality. These findings would help public health experts to understand the SARS-CoV-2 transmission against ecological variables in India and provides supporting evidence to healthcare policymakers and government agencies for formulating strategies to combat the COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8601781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39636295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of epidemiology in risk assessment: a case study of five ortho-phthalates.","authors":"Maricel V Maffini,&nbsp;Birgit Geueke,&nbsp;Ksenia Groh,&nbsp;Bethanie Carney Almroth,&nbsp;Jane Muncke","doi":"10.1186/s12940-021-00799-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-021-00799-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The association between environmental chemical exposures and chronic diseases is of increasing concern. Chemical risk assessment relies heavily on pre-market toxicity testing to identify safe levels of exposure, often known as reference doses (RfD), expected to be protective of human health. Although some RfDs have been reassessed in light of new hazard information, it is not a common practice. Continuous surveillance of animal and human data, both in terms of exposures and associated health outcomes, could provide valuable information to risk assessors and regulators. Using ortho-phthalates as case study, we asked whether RfDs deduced from male reproductive toxicity studies and set by traditional regulatory toxicology approaches sufficiently protect the population for other health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched for epidemiological studies on benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP), and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Data were extracted from studies where any of the five chemicals or their metabolites were measured and showed a statistically significant association with a health outcome; 38 studies met the criteria. We estimated intake for each phthalate from urinary metabolite concentration and compared estimated intake ranges associated with health endpoints to each phthalate's RfD.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>For DBP, DIBP, and BBP, the estimated intake ranges significantly associated with health endpoints were all below their individual RfDs. For DEHP, the intake range included associations at levels both below and above its RfD. For DCHP, no relevant studies could be identified. The significantly affected endpoints revealed by our analysis include metabolic, neurodevelopmental and behavioral disorders, obesity, and changes in hormone levels. Most of these conditions are not routinely evaluated in animal testing employed in regulatory toxicology.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We conclude that for DBP, DIBP, BBP, and DEHP current RfDs estimated based on male reproductive toxicity may not be sufficiently protective of other health effects. Thus, a new approach is needed where post-market exposures, epidemiological and clinical data are systematically reviewed to ensure adequate health protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"114"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8591894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39622503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and secondhand smoke exposure on hypertension in non-smoking women of childbearing age: NHANES 2007-2014.","authors":"Qianqian Shen,&nbsp;Qian Xu,&nbsp;Guoju Li,&nbsp;Lisheng Ren,&nbsp;Zhenhong Zhang,&nbsp;Yangting Zhang,&nbsp;Zhaoyi Zhong,&nbsp;Xiaona Li,&nbsp;Qiuzhen Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12940-021-00803-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-021-00803-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) may increase the risk of hypertension in women of childbearing age, who may be exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) simultaneously. Till now, few studies have investigated the joint effects of VDD and SHS on hypertension in this population. We evaluated whether exposure to SHS modified the association between VDD and hypertension.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2007-2014 were analyzed. Our research subjects were 2826 nonsmoking and nonpregnant women of childbearing age (20-44 years old). Hypertension was defined based either on systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 130 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 80 mmHg or on now taking prescribed medicine for hypertension. The directed acyclic graphs (DAG) and the back-door criterion were used to select a minimal sufficient adjustment set of variables (MSAs) that would identify the unconfounded effect of 25(OH)D and hypertension. The interactive effect of VDD and SHS on hypertension was evaluated by using logistic regression models, followed by strata-specific analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of VDD in the hypertension group was significantly higher than that in the non-hypertension group (48.2% vs 41.0%, P = 0.008), as well as the exposure rate of SHS (39.1% vs 33.8%, P = 0.017). VDD was independently associated with nearly 50% increased risk of hypertension [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 2.04], while no significant association was observed between SHS and hypertension. However, SHS showed a significant synergistic effect on VDD with a higher aOR of 1.79 (95% CI: 1.14, 2.80) (P_interaction = 0.011). This synergistic effect was more obvious when stratified by BMI (in overweight women, aOR, 95% CI =4.74, 1.65-13.60 for interaction vs 2.33, 1.01-5.38 for VDD only) and race (in Non-Hispanic Black women, aOR, 95% CI =5.11, 1.58-16.54 for interaction vs 2.69, 1.10-6.62 for VDD only).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There exist synergistic effects of SHS and VDD on the prevalence of hypertension in American women of childbearing age, with more significant effects in women who were overweight or Non-Hispanic Black. Further studies are warranted to verify this finding in other populations, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the joint effect of SHS and VDD need to be elucidated.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"117"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8591921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39880299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational factors and miscarriages in the US fire service: a cross-sectional analysis of women firefighters.","authors":"Alesia M Jung,&nbsp;Sara A Jahnke,&nbsp;Leslie K Dennis,&nbsp;Melanie L Bell,&nbsp;Jefferey L Burgess,&nbsp;Nattinee Jitnarin,&nbsp;Christopher M Kaipust,&nbsp;Leslie V Farland","doi":"10.1186/s12940-021-00800-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-021-00800-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence from previous studies suggests that women firefighters have greater risk of some adverse reproductive outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether women firefighters had greater risk of miscarriage compared to non-firefighters and whether there were occupational factors associated with risk of miscarriage among firefighters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We studied pregnancies in the United States fire service using data from the Health and Wellness of Women Firefighters Study (n = 3181). We compared the prevalence of miscarriage among firefighters to published rates among non-firefighters using age-standardized prevalence ratios. We used generalized estimating equations to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between occupational factors (employment (career/volunteer), wildland firefighter status (wildland or wildland-urban-interface/structural), shift schedule, fire/rescue calls at pregnancy start) and risk of miscarriage, adjusted for age at pregnancy, education, gravidity, BMI, and smoking. We evaluated if associations varied by age at pregnancy or employment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1074 firefighters and 1864 total pregnancies, 404 pregnancies resulted in miscarriages (22%). Among most recent pregnancies, 138 resulted in miscarriage (13%). Compared to a study of US nurses, firefighters had 2.33 times greater age-standardized prevalence of miscarriage (95% CI 1.96-2.75). Overall, we observed that volunteer firefighters had an increased risk of miscarriage which varied by wildland status (interaction p-value< 0.01). Among structural firefighters, volunteer firefighters had 1.42 times the risk of miscarriage (95% CI 1.11-1.80) compared to career firefighters. Among wildland/wildland-urban-interface firefighters, volunteer firefighters had 2.53 times the risk of miscarriage (95% CI 1.35-4.78) compared to career firefighters.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Age-standardized miscarriage prevalence among firefighters may be greater than non-firefighters and there may be variation in risk of miscarriage by fire service role. Further research is needed to clarify these associations to inform policy and decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"116"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8573857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39690191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term exposure to road traffic noise and stroke incidence: a Danish Nurse Cohort study.","authors":"Tom Cole-Hunter,&nbsp;Christian Dehlendorff,&nbsp;Heresh Amini,&nbsp;Amar Mehta,&nbsp;Youn-Hee Lim,&nbsp;Jeanette T Jørgensen,&nbsp;Shuo Li,&nbsp;Rina So,&nbsp;Laust H Mortensen,&nbsp;Rudi Westendorp,&nbsp;Barbara Hoffmann,&nbsp;Elvira V Bräuner,&nbsp;Matthias Ketzel,&nbsp;Ole Hertel,&nbsp;Jørgen Brandt,&nbsp;Steen Solvang Jensen,&nbsp;Jesper H Christensen,&nbsp;Camilla Geels,&nbsp;Lise M Frohn,&nbsp;Claus Backalarz,&nbsp;Mette K Simonsen,&nbsp;Steffen Loft,&nbsp;Zorana J Andersen","doi":"10.1186/s12940-021-00802-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-021-00802-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Road traffic noise has been linked to increased risk of ischemic heart disease, yet evidence on stroke shows mixed results. We examine the association between long-term exposure to road traffic noise and incidence of stroke, overall and by subtype (ischemic or hemorrhagic), after adjustment for air pollution.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-five thousand six hundred and sixty female nurses from the Danish Nurse Cohort recruited in 1993 or 1999 were followed for stroke-related first-ever hospital contact until December 31st, 2014. Full residential address histories since 1970 were obtained and annual means of road traffic noise (L_den [dB]) and air pollutants (particulate matter with diameter < 2.5 μm and < 10 μm [PM_2.5 and PM₁₀], nitrogen dioxide [NO₂], nitrogen oxides [NOx]) were determined using validated models. Time-varying Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) (95% confidence intervals [CI]) for the associations of one-, three-, and 23-year running means of L_den preceding stroke (all, ischemic or hemorrhagic), adjusting for stroke risk factors and air pollutants. The World Health Organization and the Danish government's maximum exposure recommendations of 53 and 58 dB, respectively, were explored as potential L_den thresholds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 25,660 nurses, 1237 developed their first stroke (1089 ischemic, 148 hemorrhagic) during 16 years mean follow-up. For associations between a 1-year mean of L_den and overall stroke incidence, the estimated HR (95% CI) in the fully adjusted model was 1.06 (0.98-1.14) per 10 dB, which attenuated to 1.01 (0.93-1.09) and 1.00 (0.91-1.09) in models further adjusted for PM_2.5 or NO₂, respectively. Associations for other exposure periods or separately for ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke were similar. There was no evidence of a threshold association between L_den and stroke.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Long-term exposure to road traffic noise was suggestively positively associated with the risk of overall stroke, although not after adjusting for air pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"115"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8571835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39847297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Residential proximity to industrial combustion facilities and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a case-control study.","authors":"Anjoeka Pronk,&nbsp;John R Nuckols,&nbsp;Anneclaire J De Roos,&nbsp;Matthew Airola,&nbsp;Joanne S Colt,&nbsp;James R Cerhan,&nbsp;Lindsay Morton,&nbsp;Wendy Cozen,&nbsp;Richard Severson,&nbsp;Aaron Blair,&nbsp;David Cleverly,&nbsp;Mary H Ward","doi":"10.1186/s12940-021-00798-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-021-00798-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"113"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8559390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39577855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory function declines in children with asthma associated with chemical species of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) in Nagasaki, Japan.","authors":"Yoonhee Kim,&nbsp;Eun Ha Park,&nbsp;Chris Fook Sheng Ng,&nbsp;Yeonseung Chung,&nbsp;Kunio Hashimoto,&nbsp;Kasumi Tashiro,&nbsp;Hideki Hasunuma,&nbsp;Masataka Doi,&nbsp;Kei Tamura,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Moriuchi,&nbsp;Yuji Nishiwaki,&nbsp;Hwajin Kim,&nbsp;Seung-Muk Yi,&nbsp;Ho Kim,&nbsp;Masahiro Hashizume","doi":"10.1186/s12940-021-00796-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-021-00796-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The differential effects of PM_2.5 fractions on children's lung function remain inconclusive. This study aimed to examine whether lung function in asthmatic children was associated with increased PM_2.5 fractions in urban areas in Nagasaki prefecture, Japan, where the air pollution level is relatively low but influenced by transboundary air pollution.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a multiyear panel study of 73 asthmatic children (boys, 60.3%; mean age, 8.2 years) spanning spring 2014-2016 in two cities. We collected self-measured peak expiratory flow (PEF) twice a day and daily time-series data for PM_2.5 total mass and its chemical species. We fitted a linear mixed effects model to examine short-term associations between PEF and PM_2.5, adjusting for individual and time-varying confounders. A generalized linear mixed effects model was also used to estimate the association for worsening asthma defined by severe PEF decline. Back-trajectory and cluster analyses were used to investigate the long-range transboundary PM_2.5 in the study areas.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that morning PEFs were adversely associated with higher levels of sulfate (- 1.61 L/min; 95% CI: - 3.07, - 0.15) in Nagasaki city and organic carbon (OC) (- 1.02 L/min; 95% CI: - 1.94, - 0.09) in Isahaya city, per interquartile range (IQR) increase at lag1. In addition, we observed consistent findings for worsening asthma, with higher odds of severe PEF decline in the morning for sulfate (odds ratio (OR) = 2.31; 95% CI: 1.12, 4.77) and ammonium (OR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.84) in Nagasaki city and OC (OR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.15) in Isahaya city, per IQR increase at lag1. The significant chemical species were higher on days that could be largely attributed to the path of Northeast China origin (for sulfate and ammonium) or both the same path and local sources (for OC) than by other clusters.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides evidence of the differential effects of PM_2.5 fractions on lung function among asthmatic children in urban areas, where the Japanese national standards of air quality have been nearly met. Continuous efforts to promote mitigation actions and public awareness of hazardous transboundary air pollution are needed to protect susceptible children with asthma.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"110"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8529805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39536247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental health research needed to inform strategies, policies, and measures to manage the risks of anthropogenic climate change.","authors":"Kristie L Ebi","doi":"10.1186/s12940-021-00792-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-021-00792-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anthropogenic climate change is affecting population health and wellbeing worldwide. The two main policy options to prepare for and manage these risks are adaptation and mitigation; significantly increased investments in each are urgently needed. However, medical research councils worldwide have provided minuscule amounts of funding for environmental health research to provide timely and useful insights on effectively protecting vulnerable populations and regions, for building climate-resilient health systems, and for promoting health system-related greenhouse gas emission reductions in a changing climate.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"109"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8487121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39477966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}