Environmental health : a global access science source最新文献

{"title":"Correction: Childhood traffic-related air pollution and adverse changes in subclinical atherosclerosis measures from childhood to adulthood.","authors":"Shohreh F Farzan, Rima Habre, Phoebe Danza, Frederick Lurmann, W James Gauderman, Edward Avol, Theresa Bastain, Howard N Hodis, Carrie Breton","doi":"10.1186/s12940-022-00931-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-022-00931-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"110"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9667685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40489003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Toolkit for detecting misused epidemiological methods.","authors":"Colin L Soskolne, Shira Kramer, Juan Pablo Ramos-Bonilla, Daniele Mandrioli, Jennifer Sass, Michael Gochfeld, Carl F Cranor, Shailesh Advani, Lisa A Bero","doi":"10.1186/s12940-022-00938-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-022-00938-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"109"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9652904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40462886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In utero particulate matter exposure in association with newborn mitochondrial ND4L_10550A>G heteroplasmy and its role in overweight during early childhood.","authors":"Charlotte Cosemans,&nbsp;Congrong Wang,&nbsp;Rossella Alfano,&nbsp;Dries S Martens,&nbsp;Hanne Sleurs,&nbsp;Yinthe Dockx,&nbsp;Kenneth Vanbrabant,&nbsp;Bram G Janssen,&nbsp;Charlotte Vanpoucke,&nbsp;Wouter Lefebvre,&nbsp;Karen Smeets,&nbsp;Tim S Nawrot,&nbsp;Michelle Plusquin","doi":"10.1186/s12940-022-00899-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-022-00899-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mitochondria play an important role in the energy metabolism and are susceptible to environmental pollution. Prenatal air pollution exposure has been linked with childhood obesity. Placental mtDNA mutations have been associated with prenatal particulate matter exposure and MT-ND4L_10550A>G heteroplasmy has been associated with BMI in adults. Therefore, we hypothesized that in utero PM_2.5 exposure is associated with cord blood MT-ND4L_10550A>G heteroplasmy and early life growth. In addition, the role of cord blood MT-ND4L_10550A>G heteroplasmy in overweight during early childhood is investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 386 mother-newborn pairs. Outdoor PM_2.5 concentrations were determined at the maternal residential address. Cord blood MT-ND4L_10550A>G heteroplasmy was determined using Droplet Digital PCR. Associations were explored using logistic regression models and distributed lag linear models. Mediation analysis was performed to quantify the effects of prenatal PM_2.5 exposure on childhood overweight mediated by cord blood MT-ND4L_10550A>G heteroplasmy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prenatal PM_2.5 exposure was positively associated with childhood overweight during the whole pregnancy (OR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.20 to 4.51; p = 0.01), which was mainly driven by the second trimester. In addition, prenatal PM_2.5 exposure was associated with cord blood MT-ND4L_10550A>G heteroplasmy from gestational week 9 - 13. The largest effect was observed in week 10, where a 5 µg/m³ increment in PM_2.5 was linked with cord blood MT-ND4L_10550A>G heteroplasmy (OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.87 to 0.99). Cord blood MT-ND4L_10550A>G heteroplasmy was also linked with childhood overweight (OR = 3.04; 95% CI: 1.15 to 7.50; p = 0.02). The effect of prenatal PM_2.5 exposure on childhood overweight was mainly direct (total effect OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.36; natural direct effect OR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.36)) and was not mediated by cord blood MT-ND4L_10550A>G heteroplasmy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cord blood MT-ND4L_10550A>G heteroplasmy was linked with childhood overweight. In addition, in utero exposure to PM_2.5 during the first trimester of pregnancy was associated with cord blood MT-ND4L_10550A>G heteroplasmy in newborns. Our analysis did not reveal any mediation of cord blood MT-ND4L_10550A>G heteroplasmy in the association between PM_2.5 exposure and childhood overweight.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"88"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9484069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40366009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary and drinking water intake of essential trace elements in a typical Kashin-Beck disease endemic area of Tibet, China.","authors":"Xinjie Zha,&nbsp;Jialu An,&nbsp;Xue Gao,&nbsp;Yuan Tian","doi":"10.1186/s12940-022-00898-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-022-00898-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Essential trace elements (ETEs), such as copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), are very important elements for human health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, 89 drinking water samples and 85 highland barleys were collected from 48 villages in 11 townships, and the average daily dose (ADD) of ETEs were calculated, in addition, health effects of ETEs to rural residents in Luolong County, a typical Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) endemic area in Tibet, were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean concentrations of Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, Zn in drinking water were 0.278 ± 0.264 μg·kg^-1, 0.766 ± 0.312 μg·kg^-1, 0.411 ± 0.526 μg·kg^-1, 0.119 ± 0.223 μg·kg^-1, 0.155 ± 0.180 μg·kg^-1, and 0.804 ± 1.112 μg·kg^-1, respectively; and mean concentrations of Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se and Zn in highland barley were 3.550 ± 0.680 mg·kg^-1, 81.17 ± 38.14 mg·kg^-1, 14.03 ± 1.42 mg·kg^-1, 0.350 ± 0.200 mg·kg^-1, 0.0028 ± 0.0056 mg·kg^-1, and 23.58 ± 3.10 mg·kg^-1, respectively. The ADD of Cu in the study area was appropriate; the ADD of Fe and Mn in each township were higher than the maximum oral reference dose recommended by the National Health Commission of China, indicating that Fe and Mn had non-carcinogenic health risks; the ADD of Mo and Zn in 36.36% and 54.55% of the townships exceeded the maximum oral reference dose; and 72.73% of the townships had insufficient ADD of Se. The ADD of Mo, Cu and Se in different townships was significantly correlated with the prevalence of KBD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Therefore, in order to prevent and control the prevalence of KBD and ensure the health of local residents, it is necessary to reduce the intake of high concentrations of Fe, Mn and Zn in diet, as well as increase the intake of Mo, Cu, especially Se.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"86"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9479256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40364862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drinking water nitrate and risk of pregnancy loss: a nationwide cohort study.","authors":"Ninna Hinchely Ebdrup,&nbsp;Jörg Schullehner,&nbsp;Ulla Breth Knudsen,&nbsp;Zeyan Liew,&nbsp;Anne Marie Ladehoff Thomsen,&nbsp;Julie Lyngsø,&nbsp;Bjørn Bay,&nbsp;Linn Håkonsen Arendt,&nbsp;Pernille Jul Clemmensen,&nbsp;Torben Sigsgaard,&nbsp;Birgitte Hansen,&nbsp;Cecilia Høst Ramlau-Hansen","doi":"10.1186/s12940-022-00897-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-022-00897-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nitrate contamination is seen in drinking water worldwide. Nitrate may pass the placental barrier. Despite suggestive evidence of fetal harm, the potential association between nitrate exposure from drinking water and pregnancy loss remains to be studied. We aimed to investigate if nitrate in drinking water was associated with the risk of pregnancy loss.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a nationwide cohort study of 100,410 pregnancies (enrolled around gestational week 11) in the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) during 1996-2002. Spontaneous pregnancy losses before gestational week 22 were ascertained from the Danish National Patient Registry and DNBC pregnancy interviews. Using the national drinking water quality-monitoring database Jupiter, we estimated the individual and time-specific nitrate exposure by linking geocoded maternal residential addresses with water supply areas. The nitrate exposure was analyzed in spline models using a log-transformed continuous level or classified into five categories. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate associations between nitrate and pregnancy loss and used gestational age (days) as the time scale, adjusting for demographic, health, and lifestyle variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No consistent associations were found when investigating the exposure as a categorical variable and null findings were also found in trimester specific analyses. In the spline model using the continuous exposure variable, a modestly increased hazard of pregnancy loss was observed for the first trimester at nitrate exposures between 1 and 10 mg/L, with the highest. adjusted hazard ratio at 5 mg/L of nitrate of 1.16 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.34). This trend was attenuated in the higher exposure ranges.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>No association was seen between drinking water nitrate and the risk of pregnancy loss when investigating the exposure as a categorical variable. When we modelled the exposure as a continuous variable, a dose-dependent association was found between drinking water nitrate exposure in the first trimester and the risk of pregnancy loss. Very early pregnancy losses were not considered in this study, and whether survival bias influenced the results should be further explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"87"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9479399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40364121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of long-term PM_2.5 exposure on metabolic syndrome among adults and elderly in Guangdong, China.","authors":"Xue-Yan Zheng,&nbsp;Si-Li Tang,&nbsp;Tao Liu,&nbsp;Ye Wang,&nbsp;Xiao-Jun Xu,&nbsp;Ni Xiao,&nbsp;Chuan Li,&nbsp;Yan-Jun Xu,&nbsp;Zhao-Xuan He,&nbsp;Shu-Li Ma,&nbsp;Yu-Liang Chen,&nbsp;Rui-Lin Meng,&nbsp;Li-Feng Lin","doi":"10.1186/s12940-022-00888-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-022-00888-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We aimed to explore the association between long-term exposure to particulate matter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM_2.5) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components including fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood pressure, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and waist circumference among adults and elderly in south China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We surveyed 6628 participants in the chronic disease and risk factors surveillance conducted in 14 districts of Guangdong province in 2015. MetS was defined based on the recommendation by the Joint Interim Societies' criteria. We used the spatiotemporal land-use regression (LUR) model to estimate the two-year average exposure of ambient air pollutants (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, and O₃) at individual levels. We recorded other covariates by using a structured questionnaire. Generalized linear mixed model was used for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 10-μg/m³ increase in the two-year mean PM_2.5 exposure was associated with a higher risk of developing MetS [odd ratio (OR): 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 1.35], increased risk of fasting blood glucose level. (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.36), and hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.58) in the adjusted/unadjusted models (all P < 0.05). We found significant interaction between PM_2.5 and the region, exercise on the high TG levels, and an interaction with the region, age, exercise and grain consumption on FBG (P _interaction < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Long-term exposure to PM_2.5 was associated with MetS, dyslipidemia and FBG impairment. Efforts should be made for environment improvement to reduce the burden of MetS-associated non-communicable disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9464395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33458749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) as risk factors for breast cancer: a case-control study in Chinese population.","authors":"Xuejun Li,&nbsp;Fengju Song,&nbsp;Xiaotu Liu,&nbsp;Anqi Shan,&nbsp;Yubei Huang,&nbsp;Zhengjun Yang,&nbsp;Haixin Li,&nbsp;Qiaoyun Yang,&nbsp;Yue Yu,&nbsp;Hong Zheng,&nbsp;Xu-Chen Cao,&nbsp;Da Chen,&nbsp;Ke-Xin Chen,&nbsp;Xi Chen,&nbsp;Nai-Jun Tang","doi":"10.1186/s12940-022-00895-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-022-00895-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a large family of synthetic chemicals, some of which are mammary toxicants and endocrine disruptors. Recent studies have implicated exposure to PFASs as a risk factor for breast cancer in Europe and America. Little is known about the role of PFASs with respect to breast cancer in the Chinese population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants who were initially diagnosed with breast cancer at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital between 2012 and 2016 were recruited as cases. The controls were randomly selected from the participants with available blood samples in the Chinese National Breast Cancer Screening Program (CNBCSP) cohort. Ultimately, we enrolled 373 breast cancer patients and 657 controls. Plasma PFASs were measured by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system coupled to a 5500 Q-Trap triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. A logistic regression model with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regularization was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the relationships between PFASs and breast cancer. The three most predictive variables in the LASSO model were selected from 17 PFASs, which was based on the optimal penalty coefficient (λ = 0.0218) identified with the minimum criterion. Additionally, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and quantile g-computation models were applied to evaluate the associations between separate and mixed exposure to PFASs and breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) exhibited the highest concentration in both the cases and controls. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluoro-n-decanoic acid (PFDA) were positively associated with breast cancer, and perfluoro-n-tridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) was negatively associated with breast cancer according to both the continuous-PFASs and the quartile-PFASs logistic regression models. Of note, PFOA was associated with the occurrence of estrogen receptor (ER)-, progesterone receptor (PR)-, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (OR_ER+  = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.19, 1.80; OR_PR+  = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.69; OR_HER2 = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.21).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, we observed that PFASs were associated with breast cancer in Chinese women. Prospective cohort studies and mechanistic experiments are warranted to elucidate whether these associations are causal.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9463854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33460732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short term exposure to air pollution and mortality in the US: a double negative control analysis.","authors":"Rongqi Abbie Liu,&nbsp;Yaguang Wei,&nbsp;Xinye Qiu,&nbsp;Anna Kosheleva,&nbsp;Joel D Schwartz","doi":"10.1186/s12940-022-00886-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-022-00886-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Studies examining the association of short-term air pollution exposure and daily deaths have typically been limited to cities and used citywide average exposures, with few using causal models.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To estimate the associations between short-term exposures to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), ozone (O₃), and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in multiple US states using census tract or address exposure and including rural areas, using a double negative control analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study examining the entire population of seven US states from 2000-2015, with over 3 million non-accidental deaths. Daily predictions of PM_2.5, O₃, and NO₂ at 1x1 km grid cells were linked to mortality based on census track or residential address. For each pollutant, we used conditional logistic regression to quantify the association between exposure and the relative risk of mortality conditioning on meteorological variables, other pollutants, and using double negative controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 10 μg/m³ increase in PM_2.5 exposure at the moving average of lag 0-2 day was significantly associated with a 0.67% (95%CI: 0.34-1.01%) increase in all-cause mortality. 10 ppb increases in NO₂ or O₃ exposure at lag 0-2 day were marginally associated with and 0.19% (95%CI: -0.01-0.38%) and 0.20 (95% CI-0.01, 0.40), respectively. The adverse effects of PM_2.5 persisted when pollution levels were restricted to below the current global air pollution standards. Negative control models indicated little likelihood of omitted confounders for PM_2.5, and mixed results for the gases. PM_2.5 was also significantly associated with respiratory mortality and cardiovascular mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Short-term exposure to PM_2.5 and possibly O₃ and NO₂ are associated with increased risks for all-cause mortality. Our findings delivered evidence that risks of death persisted at levels below currently permissible.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9446691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40353601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What you don't know can still hurt you - underreporting in EU pesticide regulation.","authors":"Axel Mie,&nbsp;Christina Rudén","doi":"10.1186/s12940-022-00891-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-022-00891-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The safety evaluation of pesticides in the European Union (EU) relies to a large extent on toxicity studies commissioned and funded by the industry. The herbicide glyphosate and four of its salts are currently under evaluation for renewed market approval in the EU. The safety documentation submitted by the applicant companies does not include any animal study regarding developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) that is compliant with test guidelines. For a fifth salt, not included in the present application for re-approval, such a DNT study was sponsored by one of the applicant companies in 2001. That study shows an effect of that form of glyphosate on a neurobehavioural function, motor activity, in rat offspring at a dose previously not known to cause adverse effects. Counter to regulatory requirements, these effects were apparently not communicated to authorities in EU countries where that form of glyphosate was authorised at that time. That DNT study may also be relevant for the ongoing assessment of glyphosate but was not included in the present or previous applications for re-approval.In this commentary, we highlight that it is the responsibility of the industry to evaluate and ensure the safety of their products, taking all available scientific knowledge into account. We argue that the legal obligation for industry to submit all potentially relevant data to EU authorities is clear and far-reaching, but that these obligations were not fulfilled in this case. We claim that authorities cannot reliably pursue a high level of protection of human health, if potentially relevant evidence is withheld from them. We suggest that a retrospective cross-check of lists of studies performed by test laboratories against studies submitted to regulatory authorities should be performed, in order to investigate the completeness of data submitted to authorities. We further suggest that future toxicity studies should be commissioned by authorities rather than by companies, to improve the authorities' oversight over existing data and to prevent that economic conflicts of interest affect the reporting of study results and conclusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"79"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9442947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40348705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The neighbourhood environment and profiles of the metabolic syndrome.","authors":"Anthony Barnett,&nbsp;Erika Martino,&nbsp;Luke D Knibbs,&nbsp;Jonathan E Shaw,&nbsp;David W Dunstan,&nbsp;Dianna J Magliano,&nbsp;David Donaire-Gonzalez,&nbsp;Ester Cerin","doi":"10.1186/s12940-022-00894-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-022-00894-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a dearth of studies on how neighbourhood environmental attributes relate to the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and profiles of MetS components. We examined the associations of interrelated aspects of the neighbourhood environment, including air pollution, with MetS status and profiles of MetS components.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used socio-demographic and MetS-related data from 3681 urban adults who participated in the 3rd wave of the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study. Neighbourhood environmental attributes included area socio-economic status (SES), population density, street intersection density, non-commercial land use mix, percentages of commercial land, parkland and blue space. Annual average concentrations of NO₂ and PM_2.5 were estimated using satellite-based land-use regression models. Latent class analysis (LCA) identified homogenous groups (latent classes) of participants based on MetS components data. Participants were then classified into five metabolic profiles according to their MetS-components latent class and MetS status. Generalised additive mixed models were used to estimate relationships of environmental attributes with MetS status and metabolic profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LCA yielded three latent classes, one including only participants without MetS (\"Lower probability of MetS components\" profile). The other two classes/profiles, consisting of participants with and without MetS, were \"Medium-to-high probability of high fasting blood glucose, waist circumference and blood pressure\" and \"Higher probability of MetS components\". Area SES was the only significant predictor of MetS status: participants from high SES areas were less likely to have MetS. Area SES, percentage of commercial land and NO₂ were associated with the odds of membership to healthier metabolic profiles without MetS, while annual average concentration of PM_2.5 was associated with unhealthier metabolic profiles with MetS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study supports the utility of operationalising MetS as a combination of latent classes of MetS components and MetS status in studies of environmental correlates. Higher socio-economic advantage, good access to commercial services and low air pollution levels appear to independently contribute to different facets of metabolic health. Future research needs to consider conducting longitudinal studies using fine-grained environmental measures that more accurately characterise the neighbourhood environment in relation to behaviours or other mechanisms related to MetS and its components.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9440568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40344314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}