Environmental health : a global access science source最新文献

{"title":"Ambient air pollution and thyroid function in Spanish adults. A nationwide population-based study (Di@bet.es study).","authors":"Sergio Valdés, Viyey Doulatram-Gamgaram, Cristina Maldonado-Araque, Ana Lago-Sampedro, Eva García-Escobar, Sara García-Serrano, Marta García-Vivanco, Luis Garrido Juan, Mark Richard Theobald, Victoria Gil, Fernando Martín-Llorente, Pilar Ocon, Alfonso Calle-Pascual, Luis Castaño, Elías Delgado, Edelmiro Menendez, Josep Franch-Nadal, Sonia Gaztambide, Joan Girbés, F Javier Chaves, José L Galán-García, Gabriel Aguilera-Venegas, Carolina Gutierrez-Repiso, José Carlos Fernández-García, Natalia Colomo, Federico Soriguer, Eduardo García-Fuentes, Gemma Rojo-Martínez","doi":"10.1186/s12940-022-00889-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-022-00889-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent reports have suggested that air pollution may impact thyroid function, although the evidence is still scarce and inconclusive. In this study we evaluated the association of exposure to air pollutants to thyroid function parameters in a nationwide sample representative of the adult population of Spain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Di@bet.es study is a national, cross-sectional, population-based survey which was conducted in 2008-2010 using a random cluster sampling of the Spanish population. The present analyses included 3859 individuals, without a previous thyroid disease diagnosis, and with negative thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO Abs) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels of 0.1-20 mIU/L. Participants were assigned air pollution concentrations for particulate matter <2.5μm (PM_2.5) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂), corresponding to the health examination year, obtained by means of modeling combined with measurements taken at air quality stations (CHIMERE chemistry-transport model). TSH, free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and TPO Abs concentrations were analyzed using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (Modular Analytics E170 Roche).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In multivariate linear regression models, there was a highly significant negative correlation between PM_2.5 concentrations and both FT4 (p<0.001), and FT3 levels (p<0.001). In multivariate logistic regression, there was a significant association between PM_2.5 concentrations and the odds of presenting high TSH [OR 1.24 (1.01-1.52) p=0.043], lower FT4 [OR 1.25 (1.02-1.54) p=0.032] and low FT3 levels [1.48 (1.19-1.84) p=<0.001] per each IQR increase in PM_2.5 (4.86 μg/m³). There was no association between NO₂ concentrations and thyroid hormone levels. No significant heterogeneity was seen in the results between groups of men, pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Exposures to PM_2.5 in the general population were associated with mild alterations in thyroid function.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9387071/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40619226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between organophosphate insecticides and blood pressure dysregulation: NHANES 2013-2014.","authors":"Frank Glover,&nbsp;Michael L Eisenberg,&nbsp;Federico Belladelli,&nbsp;Francesco Del Giudice,&nbsp;Tony Chen,&nbsp;Evan Mulloy,&nbsp;W Michael Caudle","doi":"10.1186/s12940-022-00887-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-022-00887-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Organophosphate (OP) insecticides represent one of the largest classes of sprayed insecticides in the U.S., and their use has been associated with various adverse health outcomes, including disorders of blood pressure regulation such as hypertension (HTN).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a study of 935 adults from the NHANES 2013-2014 cycle, we examined the relationship between systolic and diastolic blood pressure changes and urinary concentrations of three OP insecticides metabolites, including 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), oxypyrimidine, and para-nitrophenol. These metabolites correspond to the parent compounds chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and methyl parathion, respectively. Weighted, multivariable linear regression analysis while adjusting for potential confounders were used to model the relationship between OP metabolites and blood pressure. Weighted, multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to model the odds of HTN for quartile of metabolites.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed significant, inverse association between TCPy on systolic blood pressure (β-estimate = -0.16, p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (β-estimate = -0.15, p < 0.001). Analysis with para-nitrophenol revealed a significant, positive association with systolic blood pressure (β-estimate = 0.03, p = 0.02), and an inverse association with diastolic blood pressure (β-estimate = -0.09, p < 0.001). For oxypyrimidine, we observed significant, positive associations between systolic blood pressure (β-estimate = 0.58, p = 0.03) and diastolic blood pressure (β-estimate = 0.31, p < 0.001). Furthermore, we observed significant interactions between TCPy and ethnicity on systolic blood pressure (β-estimate = 1.46, p = 0.0036). Significant interaction terms were observed between oxypyrimidine and ethnicity (β-estimate = -1.73, p < 0.001), as well as oxypyrimidine and BMI (β-estimate = 1.51 p < 0.001) on systolic blood pressure, and between oxypyrimidine and age (β-estimate = 1.96, p = 0.02), race (β-estimate = -3.81 p = 0.004), and BMI on diastolic blood pressure (β-estimate = 0.72, p = 0.02). A significant interaction was observed between para-nitrophenol and BMI for systolic blood pressure (β-estimate = 0.43, p = 0.01), and between para-nitrophenol and ethnicity on diastolic blood pressure (β-estimate = 2.19, p = 0.006). Lastly, we observed a significant association between the odds of HTN and TCPy quartiles (OR = 0.65, 95% CI [0.43,0.99]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings support previous studies suggesting a role for organophosphate insecticides in the etiology of blood pressure dysregulation and HTN. Future studies are warranted to corroborate these findings, evaluate dose-response relationships between organophosphate insecticides and blood pressure, determine clinical significance, and elucidate biological mechanisms underlying this association.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9358881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40587839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Road traffic density and recurrent asthma emergency department visits among Medicaid enrollees in New York State 2005-2015.","authors":"Tabassum Zarina Insaf,&nbsp;Temilayo Adeyeye,&nbsp;Catherine Adler,&nbsp;Victoria Wagner,&nbsp;Anisa Proj,&nbsp;Susan McCauley,&nbsp;Jacqueline Matson","doi":"10.1186/s12940-022-00885-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-022-00885-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Environmental exposures such as traffic may contribute to asthma morbidity including recurrent emergency department (ED) visits. However, these associations are often confounded by socioeconomic status and health care access.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to assess the association between traffic density and recurrence of asthma ED visits in the primarily low income Medicaid population in New York State (NYS) between 2005 and 2015.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The primary outcome of interest was a recurrent asthma ED visit within 1-year of index visit. Traffic densities (weighted for truck traffic) were spatially linked based on home addresses. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors predicting recurrent asthma ED visits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In a multivariate model, Medicaid recipients living within 300-m of a high traffic density area were at a statistically significant risk of a recurrent asthma ED visit compared to those in a low traffic density area (OR = 1.31; 95% CI:1.24,1.38). Additionally, we evaluated effect measure modification for risk of recurrent asthma visits associated with traffic exposure by socio-demographic factors. The highest risk was found for those exposed to high traffic and being male (OR = 1.87; 95% CI:1.46,2.39), receiving cash assistance (OR = 2.11; 95% CI:1.65,2.72), receiving supplemental security income (OR = 2.21; 95% CI:1.66,2.96) and being in the 18.44 age group (OR = 1.59;95% CI 1.48,1.70) was associated with the highest risk of recurrent asthma ED visit. Black non-Hispanics (OR = 2.35; 95% CI:1.70,3.24), Hispanics (OR = 2.13; 95% CI:1.49,3.04) and those with race listed as \"Other\" (OR = 1.89 95% CI:1.13,3.16) in high traffic areas had higher risk of recurrent asthma ED visits as compared to White non-Hispanics in low traffic areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We observed significant persistent disparities in asthma morbidity related to traffic exposure and race/ethnicity in a low-income population. Our findings suggest that even within a primarily low-income study population, socioeconomic differences persist. These differences in susceptibility in the extremely low-income group may not be apparent in health studies that use Medicaid enrollment as a proxy for low SES.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9331590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40567178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of several stress response and sleep quality hormones in men and women after sleeping in a bed that protects against electromagnetic fields.","authors":"E Díaz-Del Cerro,&nbsp;J Félix,&nbsp;Jaf Tresguerres,&nbsp;M De la Fuente","doi":"10.1186/s12940-022-00882-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-022-00882-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The electromagnetic fields (EMFs) emitted by the technologies affect the homeostatic systems (nervous, endocrine, and immune systems) and consequently the health. In a previous work, we observed that men and women, after 2 months of using a bed with a registered HOGO system, that prevents and drain EMFs, improved their immunity, redox and inflammatory states and rejuvenated their rate of aging or biological age. Since, EMFs can act as a chronic stressor stimulus, and affect the sleep quality. The objective of this work was to study in men and women (23-73 years old) the effect of sleeping for 2 months on that bed in the blood concentrations of several hormones related to stress response and sleep quality as well as to corroborate the rejuvenation of their biological age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 18 men and women, plasma concentration of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine), serotonin, oxytocin and melatonin were analyzed before and after 2 months of using the HOGO beds. A group of 10 people was used as placebo control. In another cohort of 25 men (20 experimental and 5 placebo), the effects of rest on the HOGO system on the concentration of cortisol and testosterone in plasma were studied. In all these volunteers, the biological age was analyzed using the Immunity Clock model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There is a significant increase in plasma concentration of DHEA, norepinephrine, serotonin, oxytocin, and melatonin as well as in testosterone, after resting for 2 months in that bed with the EMFs avoiding system. In addition, decreases in Cortisol/DHEA and Testosterone/cortisol ratio and plasma dopamine concentration were observed. No differences were found in placebo groups. In all participants that slept on HOGO beds, the biological age was reduced.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sleeping in a bed that isolates from EMFs and drain them can be a possible strategy to improve the secretion of hormones related to a better response to stress and sleep quality, which means a better endocrine system, and consequently better homeostasis and maintenance of health. This fact was confirmed with the slowdown in the rate of aging checked with a rejuvenation of the biological age.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9306162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40613385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the climate benefits of a virtual versus an in-person format for an international conference.","authors":"Jacqueline R Lewy,&nbsp;Casey D Patnode,&nbsp;Philip J Landrigan,&nbsp;Joseph C Kolars,&nbsp;Brent C Williams","doi":"10.1186/s12940-022-00883-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-022-00883-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Academic institutions across the globe routinely sponsor large conferences. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many conferences have used all- or partially virtual formats. The conversion of the 2021 Consortium of Universities for Global Health (CUGH) conference, originally planned in-person for Houston, TX USA to an all-virtual format provided an opportunity to quantify the climate-related impacts of in-person versus virtual conferences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From the 2021 CUGH conference registration data, we determined each registrant's distance from Houston. Using widely available, open-source formulas, we calculated the carbon footprint of each registrant's round-trip drive or flight had they traveled to Houston. We assumed that registrants traveling more than 300 miles would have flown, with the remainder traveling by automobile.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1909 registrants, 1447 would have traveled less than 4000 miles, and 389 would have traveled more than 10,000 miles round trip. Total travel-related carbon emissions were estimated at 2436 metric tons of CO₂, equivalent to the conservation of 2994 acres of forest for a year.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Organizations can now readily quantify the climate cost of annual conferences. CUGH's annual international conference, when held in-person, contributes significantly to carbon emissions. With its focus on promoting global health equity, CUGH may play a lead role in understanding the pros and cons for planetary health of in-person versus virtual conferences. CUGH and other organizations could routinely measure and publish the climate costs of their annual conferences.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9294792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40615513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A replicable strategy for mapping air pollution's community-level health impacts and catalyzing prevention.","authors":"Philip J Landrigan,&nbsp;Samantha Fisher,&nbsp;Maureen E Kenny,&nbsp;Brittney Gedeon,&nbsp;Luke Bryan,&nbsp;Jenna Mu,&nbsp;David Bellinger","doi":"10.1186/s12940-022-00879-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-022-00879-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Air pollution was responsible for an estimated 6.7 million deaths globally in 2019 and 197,000 deaths in the United States. Fossil fuel combustion is the major source.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Mapping air pollution's health impacts at the community level using publicly available data and open-source software will provide a replicable strategy for catalyzing pollution prevention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using EPA's Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis (BenMAP-CE) software and state data, we quantified the effects of airborne fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) pollution on disease, death and children's cognitive function (IQ Loss) in each city and town in Massachusetts. To develop a first-order estimate of PM_2.5 pollution's impact on child IQ, we derived a concentration-response coefficient through literature review.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The annual mean PM_2.5 concentration in Massachusetts in 2019 was 6.3 μg/M³, a level below EPA's standard of 12 μg/M³ and above WHO's guideline of 5 μg/M³. In adults, PM_2.5 pollution was responsible for an estimated 2780 (Confidence Interval [CI] 2726 - 2853) deaths: 1677 (CI, 1346 - 1926) from cardiovascular disease, 2185 (CI, 941-3409) from lung cancer, 200 (CI, 66-316) from stroke, and 343 (CI, 222-458) from chronic respiratory disease. In children, PM_2.5 pollution was responsible for 308 (CI, 105-471) low-weight births, 15,386 (CJ, 5433-23,483) asthma cases, and a provisionally estimated loss of nearly 2 million Performance IQ points; IQ loss impairs children's school performance, reduces graduation rates and decreases lifetime earnings. Air-pollution-related disease, death and IQ loss were most severe in low-income, minority communities, but occurred in every city and town in Massachusetts regardless of location, demographics or median family income.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Disease, death and IQ loss occur at air pollution exposure levels below current EPA standards. Prevention of disease and premature death and preservation of children's cognitive function will require that EPA air quality standards be tightened. Enduring prevention will require government-incentivized transition to renewable energy coupled with phase-outs of subsidies and tax breaks for fossil fuels. Highly localized information on air pollution's impacts on health and on children's cognitive function has potential to catalyze pollution prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9288863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40511664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cadmium exposures and deteriorations of cognitive abilities: estimation of a reference dose for mixture risk assessments based on a systematic review and confidence rating.","authors":"Mousumi Chatterjee, Andreas Kortenkamp","doi":"10.1186/s12940-022-00881-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12940-022-00881-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To support a mixture risk assessment with a focus on developmental neurotoxicity we evaluated the strength of evidence for associations of cadmium exposures with declines in IQ by conducting a systematic review and confidence rating. We searched peer-reviewed studies published in English between 2012 and July 2021 and identified 15 eligible studies (11 prospective cohort studies, and 4 cross-sectional studies). Of the 10 studies that observed associations of cadmium exposure with child IQ declines, two achieved an overall \"High (H)\" confidence rating, five a \"Medium to High (M/H)\", one a \"Medium (M)\" and two a \"Low (L)\" confidence rating. Five studies did not detect significant associations between cadmium exposure and reduced cognitive ability; of these, two received a \"High (H)\" confidence rating, two an overall rating of \"Medium to High (M/H)\" and one a \"Medium (M)\" rating. The null findings reported by the \"High (H)\" and Medium to High (M/H)\" studies could partly be explained by low exposures to cadmium or confounding with high levels of lead. By using a one-compartment toxicokinetic model in a reverse dosimetry approach, we estimated that a daily intake of 0.2 μg/kg body weight/day corresponds to urinary cadmium levels no longer associated with cognitive declines observed in a \"High (H)\"-confidence study. This estimate is 1.8-fold lower than the current health-based guidance value (HBGV) for kidney toxicity of 0.36 μg/kg bodyweight/day established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Our value does not have the normative character associated with health-based guidance values and is intended only as a reasonable estimate for the purpose of mixture risk assessments. However, with cadmium exposures in Europe between 0.28 (middle bound) and up to 0.52 μg/kg bodyweight/day (95^th percentile), our review suggests that pregnant women and children are poorly protected against neurodevelopmental effects. This warrants a revision of the current HBGV.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9281031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40505647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of greenness exposure on hypertension incidence among Chinese oldest-old: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Zhou Wensu,&nbsp;Wang Wenjuan,&nbsp;Zhou Fenfen,&nbsp;Chen Wen,&nbsp;Ling Li","doi":"10.1186/s12940-022-00876-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-022-00876-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although the oldest-old (those aged over 80 years) are vulnerable to environmental factors and have the highest prevalence of hypertension, studies focusing on greenness exposure and the development of hypertension among them are insufficient. The aim of this study was to explore the association between residential greenness and hypertension in the oldest-old population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cohort study included data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). The oldest-old were free of hypertension at baseline (2008), and hypertension events were assessed by follow-up surveys in 2011, 2014, and 2018. The one-year averages of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) at 500-m buffer before the interview year of incident hypertension or last censoring interview were collected at the level of 652 residential units (district or county). The linear or nonlinear association between greenness and hypertension incidence was analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model with penalized splines. The linear links between greenness and hypertension incidence were determined using the Cox proportional hazards model included a random effect term.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 5253 participants, the incidence rate of hypertension was 7.25 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.83-7.67) per 100 person-years. We found a nonlinear association between greenness exposure and hypertension risk, and the exposure-response curve showed that 1 change point existed. We examined the linear effect of greenness on hypertension by categorizing the NDVI/EVI into low and high-level exposure areas according to the change point. We found more notable protective effects of each 0.1-unit increase in greenness on hypertension incidence for participants living in the high-level greenness areas (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.53-0.70 for NDVI; HR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.37-0.57 for EVI). In contrast, no significant influence of greenness exposure on hypertension risk was found for participants living in the low-level greenness areas (HR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.38-1.55 for NDVI; HR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.33-1.63 for EVI).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Greenness exposure is nonlinearly associated with hypertension risk among the oldest-old, presenting its relationship in an inverse \"U-shaped\" curve. Greenness is a protective factor that decreases the risk of hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9277785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40596980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Ozone Exposures with the risk of thyroid nodules in Hunan Province: a population-based cohort study.","authors":"Qiao He,&nbsp;Min Wu,&nbsp;Qiman Shi,&nbsp;Hailong Tan,&nbsp;Bo Wei,&nbsp;Neng Tang,&nbsp;Jianjun Chen,&nbsp;Mian Liu,&nbsp;Saili Duan,&nbsp;Shi Chang,&nbsp;Peng Huang","doi":"10.1186/s12940-022-00874-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-022-00874-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Increasing evidence associates air pollution with thyroid dysfunction, whereas the potential relationship between exposure to ozone (O₃) and Thyroid Nodules (TNs) is unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study investigated the association between O₃ exposure and TNs in Hunan province, enrolling 191,357 Chinese adults who lived in Hunan province from January 2009 to December 2019 and received voluntary medical examinations. Individual exposure levels to O₃ from 2010 to 2019 were measured on account of participants' residential addresses at the district level. Associations of O₃ exposure with the risk of incidental TNs were assessed by restricted cubic splines and surveyed as odds ratios after adjusting for demographic factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 81,900 adults were newly diagnosed with TNs during the study period. Age-standardized TNs detection rate in Hunan province increased from 25.9 to 46.3% between 2010 and 2019, with the greatest annual percent change being 8.1 [95% CI, 7.3-8.8]. A similar trend has been found in all tumor sizes, ages, and both sexes. O₃ exposure presented a statistically significant dose-dependent positive correlation (greater than 0.036 ppm) with TNs. Similarly, long-term exposure to high levels of O₃ (1-year average O₃ concentrations exceeding 0.0417 ppm) was found positively associated with increased TSH levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High-level O₃ exposure in the long term was associated with an increase in TSH. Consequently, increased TSH was related to the increased risk of TNs. Being exposed to high-level O₃ in the long term was related to the increased detection rates of TNs in Hunan province, which could be mediated by TSH.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9264600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40579355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The health impacts of Indonesian peatland fires.","authors":"Lars Hein,&nbsp;Joseph V Spadaro,&nbsp;Bart Ostro,&nbsp;Melanie Hammer,&nbsp;Elham Sumarga,&nbsp;Resti Salmayenti,&nbsp;Rizaldi Boer,&nbsp;Hesti Tata,&nbsp;Dwi Atmoko,&nbsp;Juan-Pablo Castañeda","doi":"10.1186/s12940-022-00872-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-022-00872-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Indonesian peatlands have been drained for agricultural development for several decades. This development has made a major contribution to economic development. At the same time, peatland drainage is causing significant air pollution resulting from peatland fires. Peatland fires occur every year, even though their extent is much larger in dry (El Niño) years. We examine the health effects of long-term exposure to fine particles (PM_2.5) from all types of peatland fires (including the burning of above and below ground biomass) in Sumatra and Kalimantan, where most peatland fires in Indonesia take place.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We derive PM_2.5 concentrations from satellite imagery calibrated and validated with Indonesian Government data on air pollution, and link increases in these concentrations to peatland fires, as observed in satellite imagery. Subsequently, we apply available epidemiological studies to relate PM_2.5 exposure to a range of health outcomes. The model utilizes the age distribution and disease prevalence of the impacted population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We find that PM_2.5 air pollution from peatland fires, causes, on average, around 33,100 adults and 2900 infants to die prematurely each year from air pollution. In addition, peatland fires cause on average around 4390 additional hospitalizations related to respiratory diseases, 635,000 severe cases of asthma in children, and 8.9 million lost workdays. The majority of these impacts occur in Sumatra because of its much higher population density compared to Kalimantan. A main source of uncertainty is in the Concentration Response Functions (CRFs) that we use, with different CRFs leading to annual premature adult mortality ranging from 19,900 to 64,800 deaths. Currently, the population of both regions is relatively young. With aging of the population over time, vulnerabilities to air pollution and health effects from peatland fires will increase.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Peatland fire health impacts provide a further argument to combat fires in peatlands, and gradually transition to peatland management models that do not require drainage and are therefore not prone to fire risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9256533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40472899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}