Environmental health : a global access science source最新文献

{"title":"Residential exposure to air pollution and access to neighborhood greenspace in relation to hair cortisol concentrations during the second and third trimester of pregnancy.","authors":"Veerle Josefa Verheyen,&nbsp;Sylvie Remy,&nbsp;Nathalie Lambrechts,&nbsp;Eva Govarts,&nbsp;Ann Colles,&nbsp;Lien Poelmans,&nbsp;Els Verachtert,&nbsp;Wouter Lefebvre,&nbsp;Pieter Monsieurs,&nbsp;Charlotte Vanpoucke,&nbsp;Flemming Nielsen,&nbsp;Lena Van den Eeden,&nbsp;Yves Jacquemyn,&nbsp;Greet Schoeters","doi":"10.1186/s12940-021-00697-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-021-00697-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exposure to air pollution during pregnancy has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in studies worldwide, other studies have described beneficial effects of residential greenspace on pregnancy outcomes. The biological mechanisms that underlie these associations are incompletely understood. A biological stress response, which implies release of cortisol, may underlie associations of air pollution exposure and access to neighborhood greenspaces with health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We explored residential exposure to air pollution and residential access to neighborhood greenspaces in relation to hair cortisol concentrations of participants in a prospective pregnancy cohort study in Flanders, Belgium. Hair samples were collected at the end of the second pregnancy trimester (n = 133) and shortly after delivery (n = 81). Cortisol concentrations were measured in 3-cm scalp-near hair sections, to reflect second and third pregnancy trimester cortisol secretion. We estimated long-term (3 months before sampling) residential exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and black carbon (BC), assessed residential distance to major roads and residential access to neighborhood greenspaces (NHGS). Associations between residential exposures and hair cortisol concentrations were studied using linear regression models while adjusting for season of sampling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three-month mean residential NO₂ and BC concentrations were positively associated with third pregnancy trimester hair cortisol concentrations (p = 0.008 and p = 0.017). Access to a large NHGS (10 ha or more within 800 m from residence) was negatively associated with third trimester hair cortisol concentrations (p = 0.019). Access to a large NHGS significantly moderated the association between residential proximity to major roads and second trimester hair cortisol concentrations (p = 0.021). Residential distance to major roads was negatively associated with second trimester hair cortisol concentrations of participants without access to a large NHGS (p = 0.003). The association was not significant for participants with access to a large NHGS. The moderation tended towards significance in the third pregnancy trimester (p < 0.10).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest a positive association between long-term residential exposure to air pollution and biological stress during pregnancy, residential access to neighborhood greenspaces may moderate the association. Further research is needed to confirm our results.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The IPANEMA study is registered under number  NCT02592005 at clinicaltrials.gov .</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12940-021-00697-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25358499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Houston hurricane Harvey health (Houston-3H) study: assessment of allergic symptoms and stress after hurricane Harvey flooding.","authors":"Abiodun O Oluyomi,&nbsp;Kristen Panthagani,&nbsp;Jesus Sotelo,&nbsp;Xiangjun Gu,&nbsp;Georgina Armstrong,&nbsp;Dan Na Luo,&nbsp;Kristi L Hoffman,&nbsp;Diana Rohlman,&nbsp;Lane Tidwell,&nbsp;Winifred J Hamilton,&nbsp;Elaine Symanski,&nbsp;Kimberly Anderson,&nbsp;Joseph F Petrosino,&nbsp;Cheryl Lyn Walker,&nbsp;Melissa Bondy","doi":"10.1186/s12940-021-00694-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-021-00694-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In August 2017, Hurricane Harvey caused unprecedented flooding across the greater Houston area. Given the potential for widespread flood-related exposures, including mold and sewage, and the emotional and mental toll caused by the flooding, we sought to evaluate the short- and long-term impact of flood-related exposures on the health of Houstonians. Our objectives were to assess the association of flood-related exposures with allergic symptoms and stress among Houston-area residents at two time points: within approximately 30 days (T1) and 12 months (T2) after Hurricane Harvey's landfall.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Houston Hurricane Harvey Health (Houston-3H) Study enrolled a total of 347 unique participants from four sites across Harris County at two times: within approximately 1-month of Harvey (T1, n = 206) and approximately 12-months after Harvey (T2, n = 266), including 125 individuals who participated at both time points. Using a self-administered questionnaire, participants reported details on demographics, flood-related exposures, and health outcomes, including allergic symptoms and stress.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of participants reported hurricane-related flooding in their homes at T1 (79.1%) and T2 (87.2%) and experienced at least one allergic symptom after the hurricane (79.4% at T1 and 68.4% at T2). In general, flood-exposed individuals were at increased risk of upper respiratory tract allergic symptoms, reported at both the T1 and T2 time points, with exposures to dirty water and mold associated with increased risk of multiple allergic symptoms. The mean stress score of study participants at T1 was 8.0 ± 2.1 and at T2, 5.1 ± 3.2, on a 0-10 scale. Participants who experienced specific flood-related exposures reported higher stress scores when compared with their counterparts, especially 1 year after Harvey. Also, a supplementary paired-samples analysis showed that reports of wheezing, shortness of breath, and skin rash did not change between T1 and T2, though other conditions were less commonly reported at T2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These initial Houston-3H findings demonstrate that flooding experiences that occurred as a consequence of Hurricane Harvey had lasting impacts on the health of Houstonians up to 1 year after the hurricane.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12940-021-00694-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38836947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonality of acute kidney injury in a tertiary hospital academic center: an observational cohort study.","authors":"Gianmarco Lombardi,&nbsp;Giovanni Gambaro,&nbsp;Nicoletta Pertica,&nbsp;Alessandro Naticchia,&nbsp;Matteo Bargagli,&nbsp;Pietro Manuel Ferraro","doi":"10.1186/s12940-021-00691-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-021-00691-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of our study was to describe seasonal trends of acute kidney injury (AKI) and its relationship with weather conditions in a hospitalized population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively collected demographic (age, sex), clinical (ICD-9-CM codes of diagnosis discharge) and laboratory data (creatinine values) from the inpatient population admitted to Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS between January 2010 and December 2014 with inclusion of all patients ≥18 years with at least two values available for creatinine. The outcome of interest was AKI development, defined according to creatinine kinetics criteria. The exposures of interest were the months and seasons of the year; air temperature and humidity level were also evaluated. Log-binomial regression models adjusted for age, sex, eGFR, comorbidities, Charlson/Deyo index score, year of hospitalization were used to estimate risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidential intervals (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 64,610 patients met the inclusion criteria. AKI occurred in 2864 (4.4%) hospital admissions. After full adjustment, winter period was associated with increased risk of AKI (RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.05, 1.29, p=0.003). Lower air temperature and higher humidity level were associated with risk of AKI, however in multivariable-adjusted models only higher humidity level showed a significant and independent association.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AKI is one of the most common complications of hospitalized populations with a defined seasonal pattern and a significant increase in incidence during wintertime; weather conditions, particularly higher humidity level, are independent predictors of AKI and could partially justify the observed seasonal variations.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12940-021-00691-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38744753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-dependent dysregulation of human neutrophil responses by bisphenol A.","authors":"Wioletta Ratajczak-Wrona,&nbsp;Marzena Garley,&nbsp;Malgorzata Rusak,&nbsp;Karolina Nowak,&nbsp;Jan Czerniecki,&nbsp;Katarzyna Wolosewicz,&nbsp;Milena Dabrowska,&nbsp;Slawomir Wolczynski,&nbsp;Piotr Radziwon,&nbsp;Ewa Jablonska","doi":"10.1186/s12940-020-00686-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-020-00686-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the present study, we aimed to investigate selected functions of human neutrophils exposed to bisphenol A (BPA) under in vitro conditions. As BPA is classified among xenoestrogens, we compared its action and effects with those of 17β-estradiol (E2).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Chemotaxis of neutrophils was examined using the Boyden chamber. Their phagocytosis and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH) oxidase activity were assessed via Park's method with latex beads and Park's test with nitroblue tetrazolium. To assess the total concentration of nitric oxide (NO), the Griess reaction was utilized. Flow cytometry was used to assess the expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) antigens. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was analyzed using a microscope (IN Cell Analyzer 2200 system). Expression of the investigated proteins was determined using Western blot.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis of results obtained for both sexes demonstrated that after exposure to BPA, the chemotactic capacity of neutrophils was reduced. In the presence of BPA, the phagocytic activity was found to be elevated in the cells obtained from women and reduced in the cells from men. Following exposure to BPA, the percentage of neutrophils with CD14 and CD284 (TLR4) expression, as well as the percentage of cells forming NETs, was increased in the cells from both sexes. The stimulatory role of BPA and E2 in the activation of NADPH oxidase was observed only in female cells. On the other hand, no influence of E2 on the expression of CD14 and CD284, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and the amount of NET-positive neutrophils was found for both sexes. The study further showed that BPA intensified NO production and iNOS expression in the cells of both sexes. In addition, intensified expression of all tested PI3K-Akt pathway proteins was observed in male neutrophils.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study demonstrated the influence of BPA on neutrophil functions associated with locomotion and pathogen elimination, which in turn may disturb the immune response of these cells in both women and men. Analysis of the obtained data showed that the effect of this xenoestrogen on the human neutrophils was more pronounced than E2.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12940-020-00686-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39142044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term effects of fine particulate matter exposure on the progression of arterial stiffness.","authors":"Dianqin Sun,&nbsp;Yue Liu,&nbsp;Jie Zhang,&nbsp;Jia Liu,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Wu,&nbsp;Mengyang Liu,&nbsp;Xia Li,&nbsp;Xiuhua Guo,&nbsp;Lixin Tao","doi":"10.1186/s12940-020-00688-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-020-00688-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prior studies have investigated the association of PM_2.5 exposure with arterial stiffness measured by ankle-brachial index (ABI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), of which conclusions are inconsistent. Moreover, limited evidence is available on the contributory role of PM_2.5 exposure on the arterial stiffness index.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used the population data from the Beijing Health Management Cohort and conducted a longitudinal analysis. The annual average concentration of PM_2.5 for 35 air pollutant monitoring sites in Beijing from 2014 to 2018 was used to estimate individual exposure by different interpolation methods. Multivariate logistic regression and linear regression were conducted to assess the association of annual average PM_2.5 concentration with the incidence of higher baPWV, the progression of ABI, and baPWV, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The association between PM_2.5 exposure and incidence of higher baPWV was not significant (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.82-1.50, P = 0.497). There was - 0.16% (95% CI: - 0.43-0.11%) decrease in ABI annually and 1.04% (95% CI: 0.72-1.37%) increase in baPWV annually with each increment of 10 μg/m³ average PM_2.5 concentration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Long-term exposure to PM_2.5 was associated with the progression of arterial stiffness in Beijing. This study suggests that improvement of air quality may help to prevent arterial stiffness.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12940-020-00688-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38788173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic health effects of air pollution, temperature, and pollen exposure: a systematic review of epidemiological evidence.","authors":"Susan C Anenberg,&nbsp;Shannon Haines,&nbsp;Elizabeth Wang,&nbsp;Nicholas Nassikas,&nbsp;Patrick L Kinney","doi":"10.1186/s12940-020-00681-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-020-00681-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exposure to heat, air pollution, and pollen are associated with health outcomes, including cardiovascular and respiratory disease. Studies assessing the health impacts of climate change have considered increased exposure to these risk factors separately, though they may be increasing simultaneously for some populations and may act synergistically on health. Our objective is to systematically review epidemiological evidence for interactive effects of multiple exposures to heat, air pollution, and pollen on human health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched electronic literature databases (last search, April 29, 2019) for studies reporting quantitative measurements of associations between at least two of the exposures and mortality from any cause and cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity and mortality specifically. Following the Navigation Guide systematic review methodology, we evaluated the risk of bias of individual studies and the overall quality and strength of evidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found 56 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Of these, six measured air pollution, heat, and pollen; 39 measured air pollution and heat; 10 measured air pollution and pollen; and one measured heat and pollen. Nearly all studies were at risk of bias from exposure assessment error. However, consistent exposure-response across studies led us to conclude that there is overall moderate quality and sufficient evidence for synergistic effects of heat and air pollution. We concluded that there is overall low quality and limited evidence for synergistic effects from simultaneous exposure to (1) air pollution, pollen, and heat; and (2) air pollution and pollen. With only one study, we were unable to assess the evidence for synergistic effects of heat and pollen.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>If synergistic effects between heat and air pollution are confirmed with additional research, the health impacts from climate change-driven increases in air pollution and heat exposure may be larger than previously estimated in studies that consider these risk factors individually.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"130"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12940-020-00681-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38685210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of everyday-life exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on biological age indicators.","authors":"Sofia Pavanello,&nbsp;Manuela Campisi,&nbsp;Giuseppe Mastrangelo,&nbsp;Mirjam Hoxha,&nbsp;Valentina Bollati","doi":"10.1186/s12940-020-00669-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-020-00669-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Further knowledge on modifiable aging risk factors is required to mitigate the increasing burden of age-related diseases in a rapidly growing global demographic of elderly individuals. We explored the effect of everyday exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are fundamental constituents of air pollution, on cellular biological aging. This was determined via the analysis of leukocyte telomere length (LTL), mitochondrial DNA copy number (LmtDNAcn), and by the formation of anti-benzo[a]pyrene diolepoxide (B[a]PDE-DNA) adducts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study population consisted of 585 individuals living in North-East Italy. PAH exposure (diet, indoor activities, outdoor activities, traffic, and residential exposure) and smoking behavior were assessed by questionnaire and anti-B[a]PDE-DNA by high-performance-liquid-chromatography. LTL, LmtDNAcn and genetic polymorphisms [glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 (GSTM1; GSTT1)] were measured by polymerase chain reaction. Structural equation modelling analysis evaluated these complex relationships.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anti-B[a]PDE-DNA enhanced with PAH exposure (p = 0.005) and active smoking (p = 0.0001), whereas decreased with detoxifying GSTM1 (p = 0.021) and in females (p = 0.0001). Subsequently, LTL and LmtDNAcn reduced with anti-B[a]PDE-DNA (p = 0.028 and p = 0.018), particularly in males (p = 0.006 and p = 0.0001). Only LTL shortened with age (p = 0.001) while elongated with active smoking (p = 0.0001). Besides this, the most significant determinants of PAH exposure that raised anti-B[a]PDE-DNA were indoor and diet (p = 0.0001), the least was outdoor (p = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>New findings stemming from our study suggest that certain preventable everyday life exposures to PAHs reduce LTL and LmtDNAcn. In particular, the clear association with indoor activities, diet, and gender opens new perspectives for tailored preventive measures in age-related diseases.</p><p><strong>Capsule: </strong>Everyday life exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons reduces leukocyte telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number through anti-B[a]PDE-DNA adduct formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"128"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12940-020-00669-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38332241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and thyroid hormone concentrations in cord plasma in a Chinese birth cohort.","authors":"Hong Liang,&nbsp;Ziliang Wang,&nbsp;Maohua Miao,&nbsp;Youping Tian,&nbsp;Yan Zhou,&nbsp;Sheng Wen,&nbsp;Yao Chen,&nbsp;Xiaowei Sun,&nbsp;Wei Yuan","doi":"10.1186/s12940-020-00679-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-020-00679-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence of associations between prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and fetal thyroid hormones (THs) is controversial, and few studies have estimated the associations, while addressing the high correlations among multiple PFASs. We aimed to examine the associations between prenatal PFAS exposure and thyroid hormone concentrations in cord blood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 300 mother-infant pairs from the Shanghai-Minhang Birth Cohort Study were included. We measured the concentrations of eight PFASs in maternal plasma samples collected at 12-16 gestational weeks, as well as those of total thyroxine (T4), free T4 (FT4), total triiodothyronine (T3), free T3 (FT3), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in cord plasma. We estimated the associations between maternal PFAS concentrations and TH concentrations using linear regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In BKMR models, higher PFAS mixture concentrations were associated with increased T3 concentrations, and there were suggestive associations with increased FT3 concentrations. For single-exposure effects in BKMR models, a change in PFDA, PFUdA, and PFOA concentrations from the 25th to 75th percentile was associated with a 0.04 (95%CrI: - 0.01, 0.09), 0.02 (95%CrI: - 0.03, 0.07), and 0.03 (95%CrI: - 0.001, 0.06) nmol/L increase in T3 concentrations, respectively. PFOA, PFNA, and PFDA were the predominant compounds in PFASs-FT3 associations, and the corresponding estimates were 0.11 (95% CrI: 0.02, 0.19), - 0.17 (95% CrI: - 0.28, - 0.07), and 0.12 (95% CrI: - 0.004, 0.24) pmol/L, respectively. A change in PFNA and PFOA concentrations from the 25th to 75th percentile was associated with a - 1.69 (95% CrI: - 2.98, - 0.41) μIU/mL decrease and a 1.51 (95% CrI: 0.48, 2.55) μIU/mL increase in TSH concentrations. The associations of PFOA and PFNA with T3/FT3 were more pronounced in boys, while those with TSH were more pronounced in girls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest that prenatal exposure to multiple PFASs was associated with thyroid hormones in cord blood. However, individual PFAS had varied effects-differing in magnitude and direction-on fetal thyroid hormones.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"127"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12940-020-00679-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38656473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Answer to Böhmert et al.","authors":"Maël Dieudonné","doi":"10.1186/s12940-020-00676-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-020-00676-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>I thank Böhmert et al. for their commentary of my review, although their criticisms suggest a misunderstanding of its aims and scope. It does not discuss their comprehensive model per se, but as the latest formulation of a hypothesis that was put forward almost 15 years ago, and only as regards its ability to explain EHS symptoms as they are known to occur. While the authors reassert the strengths of their model, they do not properly address the limitations pointed out in my review, pertaining to: (1) the lack of proven explanations for the origins of beliefs in EMF harmfulness; (2) the realism of experimental studies of EHS; (3) the existence of situations contradicting predictions of their model. Thus, while it seems promising, its applicability to EHS remains to be properly demonstrated. A diversification of the methods used to study EHS seems the only way forward.</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"126"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12940-020-00676-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38641328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal perception is central in electromagnetic hypersensitivity - a commentary on \"Electromagnetic hypersensitivity: a critical review of explanatory hypotheses''.","authors":"Christoph Boehmert,&nbsp;Michael Witthöft,&nbsp;Omer Van den Bergh","doi":"10.1186/s12940-020-00652-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-020-00652-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We highly welcome and appreciate the paper of Dieudonné, 2020 ( https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-020-00602-0 ) on the important but frequently neglected topic of hypersensitivity towards electromagnetic fields (EHS). We agree with the author that the electromagnetic hypothesis (that EHS is caused by exposure to electromagnetic fields) appears scientifically largely unfounded and that other theoretical approaches focussing on psychological processes are more plausible and promising. In the view of the author, two such approaches exist, namely a \"cognitive hypothesis\" (derived from the comprehensive model by Van den Bergh et al., 2017) and an \"attributive hypothesis\" as suggested by the author. In this commentary, we want to argue (a) that the distinction between the cognitive and the attributive hypothesis is inaccurate at the conceptual level; (b) that the distinction is also misleading at the mechanistic level, due to an incorrect interpretation of the evidence related to the cognitive hypothesis; and (c) that, by using the term \"cognitive hypothesis\", the existing comprehensive model is inappropriately narrowed down without fully appreciating its explanatory power for the phenomena subsumed under both the cognitive and attributive hypothesis. Therefore, the original term \"comprehensive model\" should be used rather than the label \"cognitive hypothesis\".</p>","PeriodicalId":520610,"journal":{"name":"Environmental health : a global access science source","volume":" ","pages":"122"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12940-020-00652-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38652942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}