Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine最新文献

{"title":"Machine Learning Efficiency in Predicting Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome in the First Hours of Admission.","authors":"M M Tsivanyuk, K I Shakhgeldyan, M A Markov, V G Shirobokov, B I Geltser","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.3.05","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.3.05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of the study</b> was to assess the accuracy of prognostic models for obstructive coronary artery disease (OCAD) in the first hours of admission in patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study involved 610 patients with low- and intermediate-risk NSTE-ACS (Me - 62 years). Based on invasive coronary angiography findings the patients were divided into 2 groups: the first - 363 (59.5%) patients with OCAD (coronary artery luminal occlusion ≥50%), the second - 247 (40.5%) patients without coronary obstruction (<50%). Clinical and functional status was assessed using 62 parameters available at the early hospitalization including: clinical and demographic, anthropometric, laboratory, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic data.OCAD predictive models were developed using machine learning methods: multifactorial logistic regression, random forest, and stochastic gradient boosting (SGB). The models contained the sets of predictors identified during the initial medical examination in the hospital (the first scenario), after 1-hour observation (the second scenario), and 3 h later (the third scenario). The quality of the models was assessed using six metrics. The impact degree of individual predictors on the study endpoint was determined by the Shapley method of additive explanation (SHAP). OCAD probability stratification was performed by distinguishing the categories of low, medium, high and very high risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on machine learning methods, OCAD predictive models were developed, among which the best quality metrics were demonstrated by SGB models with the sets of predictors corresponding to three prognostic scenarios (the area under ROC curve: 0.846, 0.887, and 0.949, respectively). Using the SHAP method, we identified the factors with a dominant impact on OCAD, which included the anthropometric indicators (waist circumference, hip circumference, and their ratio) - in the first and second prognostic scenarios; and global longitudinal systolic strain of the left ventricle - in the third scenario. Based on SGB model data there were distinguished the categories of low, medium, high and very high risk of OCAD, their digital ranges depended on the prognostic scenarios.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prognostic OCAD models developed based on SGB enable to highly accurately assess the degree of coronary damage in NSTE-ACS patients in the first hours of hospitalization. The highest accuracy of OCAD prediction was demonstrated by the models of the third scenario, the structure of which, in addition to anamnestic, anthropometric and ECG data, included clinical and biochemical blood parameters and echocardiographic indicators. Thus, OCAD risk stratification using the mentioned models can be a useful tool in selecting the optimal myocardial revascularization strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 3","pages":"50-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern Technologies in <i>Demodex</i> Blepharitis Diagnosis and Therapy (Review).","authors":"G S Igonin, S N Svetozarskiy, I G Smetankin","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.3.06","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.3.06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blepharitis associated with <i>Demodex</i> infestation is a widespread condition, its complications include eyelid margin deformities, corneal erosions, and ulcers. The review considers the epidemiological and pathogenetic aspects, along with new trends in <i>Demodex</i> blepharitis diagnosis and treatment, and represents the comparative characteristics of current diagnostic modalities, including traditional light microscopy, lateral eyelash retraction and rotation, as well as intravital imaging technologies, such as confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography. Improving imaging techniques using machine learning was found to enable to improve early diagnosis availability and provide early initiation of etiotropic therapy. The review analyzes the preparations for conservative treatment of <i>Demodex</i> blepharitis,representing them with regard to the specificity of pharmacological effects and systemic safety, special attention being given to the problems of toxicity and shelf-life expectancy of drugs. Combination drugs and different laser exposure effects on <i>Demodex</i> mites and eyelid margin structures were stated to be prospective and understudied treatment approaches. We demonstrated the heterogeneity of approaches to efficacy assessment of diagnostic and therapeutic methods that makes actual the necessity of developing a standardized scale of <i>Demodex</i> blepharitis severity; the scale reflecting both clinical characteristics and instrumental findings. The authors concluded that the development of noninvasive imaging techniques and the shortest and safest therapeutic algorithms would enable to switch over to a whole new level of therapy efficacy for patients with <i>Demodex</i> blepharitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 3","pages":"62-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of Ferroptosis in Human Macrophage by Nitric Oxide Donors.","authors":"I I Vlasova, M D Yurkanova, A A Zolotopup, T O Klyucherev, P S Timashev","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.3.04","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ferroptosis is a programmed form of cell death in which iron-dependent lipid peroxidation is the main feature. Macrophages are the major cells of the immune system, they function in a pro-oxidative environment, so the study of their susceptibility to ferroptosis and the search for approaches to its regulation are important. <b>The aim of the study</b> was to investigate ferroptosis in macrophages differentiated from THP-1 myeloid leukemia cells and to compare the effect of NO donors with different half-lives on the degree of ferroptosis development.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>RSL3 and ML-162, inhibitors of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and erastin, an inhibitor of cystine/ glutamate transport, were used to induce ferroptosis in THP-1 macrophages. The progression of ferroptosis was monitored using three independent methods: reduction of Alamar blue by live cells, measurement of lactate dehydrogenase in the medium, and the LIVE/DEAD assay. Ferroptotic cell death was proven by using the specific inhibitor ferrostatin-1 and by detecting lipid oxidation in cells using the BODIPY 581/591 C11 fluorescent probe.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RSL3 and ML-162 dose-dependently induced ferroptosis in cells. THP-1 macrophage ferroptosis is a slow process and begins ~5 h after inducer addition. Erastin was a weak ferroptosis inducer; however, it enhanced ferroptosis induced by GPX4 inhibitors. We compared the ability of two NO donors with different half-lives to affect THP-1 macrophage ferroptosis: DEA NONOate (2 min) and DTPA NONOate (3 h). Donors were added either once after the inducer at a concentration of 100-120 μM or repeatedly until reaching the final concentration. DEA had no effect on THP-1 macrophage ferroptosis, whereas DPTA completely inhibited ferroptosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DTPA, being an NO donor with a half-life of 3 h at 37°С, can be used to inhibit ferroptosis in THP-1 macrophages, which develops within 17-19 h. Therefore, there are mechanisms of prolongation of NO action in cells that should be studied to use NO donors for regulation of cellular ferroptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 3","pages":"41-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Study of the Effect of Corneal Bio-Coating Based on the Original Hydrogel Biopolymer Scaffold on the Anterior Segment Structures of the Eye.","authors":"I N Grigoryeva, N A Akmalov, A V Shatskikh, A A Voskresenskaya, M N Egorikhina, Yu P Rubtsova, N A Pozdeyeva","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.4.04","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.4.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, there have been proposed various kinds of bioengineering constructions of scaffolds - biomaterial structures serving as substrates for restoration and regeneration of tissues. They possess marked biocompatibility, are capable of supporting high concentration of substances delivered to the injured tissues, and may be standardized in the process of fabrication. <b>The aim of the investigation</b> is to study experimentally the effect of the bio-coating based on the original hydrogel biopolymer scaffold on the intact structures of the anterior segment of the eye and its adnexa and evaluate its safety.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The experimental study was carried out on 6 rabbits (6 eyes). The original hydrogel biopolymer scaffold of 10.0 mm in diameter, 1.5 and 2.0 mm thick was used as a bio-coating for the cornea. On days 3, 7, and 9 from the beginning of the experiment, the results were histologically tested.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On days 3 and 7 of the experiment, histological investigations did not find any structural changes of the anterior segment of the eye and differences between the scaffolds of various thicknesses. The stroma, Descemet's membrane, endothelium, and general topography of the intercellular matrix were not altered. On day 9, structural changes of the anterior segment were not revealed either in the experiment with the 1.5 mm thick scaffold. Histological investigations of the specimen with the 2.0 mm scaffold showed alterations in the form of epithelium thickening, signs of pseudostratified basal layer, hyperplasia of the wing cell layer with the increased number of its layers, greater number of cellular elements in the anterior stroma layers. No structural changes of the Descemet's membrane and corneal endothelium were noted.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The suggested hydrogel scaffold-based bio-coating is subject to self-biodegradation without any sequelae to the eye and its adnexa. Increased thickness of the bio-coating results in deceleration of its biodegradation and enhanced activity of proliferative processes in the epithelium and anterior stromal layers, which is indirect evidence of improved regenerative properties of these tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 4","pages":"44-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12715481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145807274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser Soldering with a Biosolder for Oral Mucosa Wound Closure in an Experiment.","authors":"E A Morozova, E A Sorokina, A Y Gerasimenko, D I Ryabkin, V V Suchkova, A A Timakova, A L Fayzullin, S V Tarasenko","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.4.03","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.4.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of the study</b> was to evaluate the efficiency of wound closure of soft tissues using a 970 nm diode laser and a biosolder based on bovine serum albumin and single-wall carbon nanotubes in experimentally modelled oral cavity defects.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The experimental study was carried out on 16 chinchilla rabbits. Linear defects of the oral mucosa 1 cm long were modeled. The animals were divided into 2 groups, 8 rabbits in each group. The wounds in the control group animals were sutured with a surgical suture using Prolene 5-0 thread; the experimental group animals were sutured using laser soldering and a biosolder based on bovine serum albumin, indocyanine green, single-wall carbon nanotubes, and type I collagen, followed by putting additional sutures using Prolene 5-0 thread. We used the proprietary laser device with a wavelength of 970 nm with adaptive thermal stabilization of the suture, which enabled to set the heating temperature of the biotissue in the laser suture area with an accuracy of ~1°C preventing thermal necrosis of tissues.The biological tissues of 24 samples of the rabbit oral mucosa were fixed on days 1, 3, 5, and 10 and examined morphologically and morphometrically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Inflammatory changes were primarily associated with a response to the suture material; proliferative changes (neoangiogenesis and epithelial regeneration) were related to the proliferation activation of fibroblasts and epithelial cells due to the laser exposure. The use of a biosolder contributed to additional tissue adhesion, which further on accelerated the regeneration process and increased the neoangiogenesis rate and the vascular density per 1 mm².In the experimental group, the inflammatory reaction was completed by day 5, while in the control group, the residual inflammatory signs persisted in some samples up to day 10. On day 10, the proliferative phase began in the experimental group. An immunohistochemical analysis revealed a statistically significant increase in the number of blood vessels in the experimental group by 70.6% compared to the control (p=0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of laser exposure combined with a biosolder promoted tissue adhesion improvement, shortened the inflammatory phase, and accelerated the regeneration providing minimal scarring. The data obtained emphasize the prospects of using the suggested technique for oral mucous wound closure in clinical practice for patients with various dental diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 4","pages":"34-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12715483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145807276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poly-D,L-Lactide-co-Glycolide and Sodium Enoxaparin Composition - an Advanced Coating for Vascular Stents: Biocompatibility and Efficiency Assessment of Stent-Grafts in an Experiment on Large Animals.","authors":"A R Shabaev, N A Kochergin, A Yu Kanonykina, V A Koshelev, A A Arnt, A Yu Kolesnikov, A A Shilov, R S Tarasov, Yu A Kudryavtseva","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.6.05","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.6.05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of the study</b> was to evaluate the biocompatibility of vascular stents coated with the membrane based on a copolymer of poly-D,L-lactide-co-glycolide and sodium enoxaparin in an experiment on large animals.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A biodegradable coating based on a copolymer of poly-D,L-lactide-co-glycolide (the polylactide-glycolide ratio - 50:50) and low-molecular sodium enoxaparin was applied on 8-mm-long metallic coronary Calipso stents by electrospinning. The sheep carotid artery was implanted with the coated stents (stent-grafts) and uncoated stents. The dynamic patency was assessed by color duplex ultrasound. Three months later, the artery-stent fragments were explanted, fixed with buffered formalin with post-fixation with osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in ethanol and acetone followed by impregnating with epoxy resin. After polymerization, the samples were ground and polished to the required depth. To enhance the contrast after polishing, the samples were treated with Reynolds lead citrate. The samples were visualized by scanning electron microscopy in the backscattered electron mode.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the three-month experiment, no cases of thrombosis or stenosis of stents and stent-grafts were revealed. A uniform dense neointima up to 165 μm thick formed on the internal surface of the stent-grafts, it was twice as thick as the intima of the intact carotid artery adjacent to the stent-graft. A loose neointima formed on the inner part of the stents without a polymer membrane, reaching 380 μm in some places. All samples demonstrated a classic picture of the formation of a dense fibrous capsule, which separated the metal stent struts from the blood flow and structural elements of the artery, however, the morphology and cellular composition in the samples varied significantly. The struts of the stents without a membrane were surrounded by numerous inflammatory cells. The environment of the stent grafts was represented mainly by smooth muscle cells, fibrocytes, fragments of the elastic membrane located in the intercellular matrix; there were no inflammatory cells. The polymer coating of the stent-grafts completely degraded forming no scar tissue.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed polymer coating based on a copolymer of poly-D,L-lactide-co-glycolide (the polylactide-glycolide ratio - 50:50) and the low-molecular sodium enoxaparin for a vascular stent appeared to be effective. When implanted in sheep carotid arteries, the stent-grafts cause no development of thrombosis and stenosis, successfully integrating with the animal artery. In 3 months, complete resorption of the polymer coating occurred with no signs of a chronic inflammatory reaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 6","pages":"44-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12892849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-Dimensional Imaging of Human Myocardial Collagen Fibers Using Trypan Blue Staining.","authors":"A A Beketova, O V Kirik, D E Korzhevskii","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.5.04","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.5.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of the study</b> was to estimate the availability of trypan blue staining of human myocardium sections to investigate cardiac collagen fibers, in particular, their three-dimensional reconstructions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Pretreated with phosphomolybdic acid sections of human myocardium (n=9) were stained with 1% aqueous trypan blue solution (Panreac, Spain) (patent application RU 2024/22564). Parallel sections were stained using the similar technique with 2% aqueous solution of aniline blue (Unisource Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., India). The obtained preparations were analyzed using a light microscope Leica DM750 (Leica, Germany) and a confocal laser microscope LSM800 (Carl Zeiss AG, Germany). Threedimensional reconstruction was performed using software ZEN-2012 (Carl Zeiss AG, Germany).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Trypan blue appeared to stain collagen fibers selectively. Loose thick fibers were stained more intensively than thin fibers, which were not available for detailed examination with bright-field microscopy. The cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes remained unstained. Aniline blue appeared to stain thin fibers relatively more intensively, and its non-specifically stained the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes.Fluorescence of collagen fibers stained with trypan blue was excited with a 640 nm laser. Autofluorescence of the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes was excited with a 488 nm laser. Three-dimensional reconstruction of endomysium showed that it was a net. Therefore, it became possible to describe the lower-order structures being the part of thick fibers. Three-dimensional reconstruction enabled to distinguish the orientation of the fibers and their cross section differentiating it from tangential one.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study findings showed trypan blue staining of human cardiac section to be an effective method to reveal collagen fibers, study their structure with bright-field microscopy using confocal laser microscopy and perform detailed three-dimensional reconstructions. The advantages of the method compared with other techniques of three-dimensional imaging of collagen fibers consist in the accessibility of reagents, high staining selectivity of the connective tissue matrix, the ability to obtain contrast and detailed images of the studied objects with high resolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 5","pages":"66-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12715490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145807263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurable Metrics of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aging.","authors":"D A Kalashnikova, S E Romanov, D A Maksimov, I A Plokhikh, R Yu Epifanov, R I Mullyadjanov, L O Sidelnikov, P A Antoshina, Ya A Osipov, V V Shloma, A A Budilina, E M Samoylova, V P Baklaushev, P P Laktionov","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.5.01","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.5.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of the study is</b> to analyze the manifestation of selected cellular senescence markers on the models of replicative senescence, stress-induced senescence, and chronological aging of human mesenchymal stem cells and to study the feasibility of predictive models for assessing the age and duration <i>in vitro</i> cultivation based on the transcriptomic data and investigation of cell morphology.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In the study, the dynamics of expression of individual genes encoding key regulators of cellular aging across various models of cellular senescence, as well as telomere length were investigated by real-time PCR. The analysis of the high- throughput transcriptome sequencing datasets of mesenchymal stem cells from the donors of different ages has been performed. Using regression methods, predictive models based on transcriptomic data were developed to estimate chronological age and the duration of <i>in vitro</i> cultivation. Using microscopy methods and subsequent image analysis by machine-learning algorithms, morphological alterations associated with cellular senescence have been explored and segmentation neural network model has been created for extracting nuclear morphology parameters and classification of the cells based on the duration of cultivation <i>in vitro</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>CDKN1A</i>, <i>LMNB1</i>, <i>HMGB2</i> genes demonstrated reproducible similar dynamics on the models of replicative or stress-induced senescence and chronological aging of mesenchymal stem cells. The expression profile of the senescence-associated inflammatory phenotype components was variable in different models of cell aging. The analysis of mesenchymal stem cell transcriptomes from the donors of various ages revealed considerable donor-dependent heterogeneity of the cells, which complicates the development of precise transcriptome data-based predictive models. Investigation of the changes in the telomere length has demonstrated its applicability for assessing the dynamics of replicative senescence <i>in vitro</i>. The developed segmentation neural network model allowed for detecting senescence-associated dynamics of nuclear morphology alterations in the process of replicative aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 5","pages":"5-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12715488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145807247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Heart Rhythm and Arrhythmia Detection from Electromyographic Signals Using a Convolutional Neural Network.","authors":"M A Sazhina, S A Lobov, A S Pimashkin, I V Loskot, V B Kazantsev","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.6.01","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.6.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of the study</b> is to develop and validate an algorithm based on a convolutional autoencoder for assessing heart rhythm from surface electromyography (EMG) signals recorded by the EMG system Myosuit. The use of this system is intended to expand the capabilities for subsequent development of integrated systems for non-invasive monitoring of functional status (fatigue, stress, and cardiac arrhythmias).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study involved 6 healthy male subjects (mean age 21±2 years). Synchronous recording of EMG signals was performed using the EMG system Myosuit, the VNS-Micro electrocardiograph, and the Polar H10 monitor at rest, as well as during static and dynamic bicep contractions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A fully convolutional autoencoder, trained on binary R-wave masks, was developed to extract the corresponding components of the cardiac cycles from the EMG recordings. The model's performance was evaluated using the <i>F</i>-score in three scenarios: (i) on pooled data from all subjects; (ii) with one subject excluded from training and tested on their data (leave-one-subject-out); (iii) on the personal data of each subject individually. Based on EMG signals recorded from the pectoralis major muscle by the EMG system Myosuit sensors, the convolutional autoencoder demonstrated the feasibility of constructing a rhythmogram - a sequence of R-R intervals essential for heart rate variability analysis and arrhythmia screening. In Scenario (i), the maximum <i>F</i>-score was achieved for EMG signals at rest and during static bicep exercise; classification performance remained high during dynamic bicep exercise. The results of Scenario (ii) indicate that the system reliably operates when tested on data from a subject excluded from the training set. Scenario (iii) yielded the worst results. Given the algorithm's high generalization capability for data not included in the training set, Scenario (ii) represents the most realistic application use case and demonstrates the best overall performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The feasibility of using the universal EMG electrodes of the EMG system Myosuit for simultaneous monitoring of muscle activity and heart rate has been confirmed. The developed algorithm demonstrates high performance in the task of extracting a rhythmogram from EMG signals both at rest and during muscle load. This opens prospects for creating cost-effective wearable systems for the comprehensive assessment of functional status and real-time screening for cardiac arrhythmias without the need for a separate ECG channel.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 6","pages":"5-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12896126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146204670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Brain Cells in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Raman Microspectroscopy and Scanning Ion-Conductance Microscopy.","authors":"K I Morozova, E Yu Parshina, T A Kazakova, A I Yusipovich, O V Slatinskaya, A R Brazhe, I A Grivennikov, N A Brazhe, G V Maksimov","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.03","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of the study</b> was to identify differences in the structure of the neuronal process network as well as the composition and functional state of cells by studying the bodies and processes of rat brain neurons and astrocytes obtained from pluripotent stem cells of healthy donors and patients with hereditary Parkinson's disease by using a complex of modern high-precision methods such as Raman microspectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman microspectroscopy, and scanning ion-conductance microscopy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>By using Raman spectroscopy and scanning ion-conductance microscopy, the researchers studied the morphology and state of molecules in rat brain neurons and astrocytes induced from pluripotent stem cells of healthy donors and patients with hereditary Parkinson's disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The researchers established that typical bands of Raman and surface-enhanced Raman spectra of neurons and astrocytes allowed studying the distribution and conformation of a series of biological molecules (proteins, lipids, cytochromes) in healthy and unhealthy states. It was shown that in Parkinson's disease, there was a decrease in the protein content and an increase in the proportion of reduced cytochromes in the respiratory chain of astrocyte mitochondria. When comparing the morphology of astrocyte bodies and processes, it was established that the height and cross-sectional area of astrocyte processes obtained from cells of patients with hereditary Parkinson's disease were significantly greater than in healthy patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed approach to recording the distribution and conformation of molecules in neurons and astrocytes, as well as to studying the morphology of astrocyte processes allows diagnosing the functional state of cells and investigating the mechanism of the Parkinson's disease pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 1","pages":"27-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}