Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine最新文献

{"title":"Development of Analytical Modules of the Geographic Information System Software Complex \"Epidemiological Atlas of Russia. Territory of the Federal District\" for Additional Analysis of Epidemiological Processes.","authors":"S A Sarskov, M V Vyushkov, S L Slavin, N N Zaitseva","doi":"10.17691/stm2024.16.6.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17691/stm2024.16.6.02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of the study</b> is to develop additional analytical modules of geoinformation software complex on current infectious and parasitic diseases aimed to improve the quality of epidemiological monitoring and to generate a database on the trends of epidemical process development in the subjects of the Russian Federation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Additional analytical blocks on comparative and dynamic analysis of morbidity by the groups of nosologies were developed using the software meeting the general concept of the software complex (JavaScript, PHP, and others) and integrated into a new version of the Web application \"Epidemiological Atlas of Russia. Territory of the Federal District\". The initial data including information by the groups of diseases were converted into a set of interrelated tables with their further integration into the database of a new version of the Atlas under the control of a free relational MySQL database management system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The existing classifications of nosologic forms and the search for additional characteristics, potentially forming the groups of nosologies, have been analyzed and the current database of the Epidemiological Atlas has been optimized. The algorithms for obtaining and evaluating epidemiological indicators in the new analytical blocks for estimating cumulative morbidity by the nosologic groups were designed. There were created original analytical modules \"Comparative analysis of morbidity by the groups of nosologies\" and \"Dynamic analysis of morbidity by the groups of nosologies\" for the Web application \"Epidemiological Atlas of Russia. Territory of Federal District\" for the comparative and dynamic morbidity analysis based on the groups of nosologies in the administrative-territorial subject units, in the district subjects, and in the district as a whole, with the possibility of information detailing. The materials based on the database queries contain temporal (calendar month) and spatial detailing (administrative-territory unit of the Russian Federation subject). All materials may be exported as tables, graphs, or maps in various formats (.xls, .pdf, .csv, .png, .jpeg, .svg). Since the databases of the current epidemiological atlases of the Volga Federal District and Russia are universal, the mechanisms of processing tables and queries are identical providing the possibility of using the developed approaches employed in the Epidemiological Atlas of Russia or atlases of other federal districts in case of replicating a new Web application version. New analytical blocks may extend notions on the incidence of current infectious diseases and reveal characteristic regional features, facilitate more exact scientifically grounded proposals for decision-making by the executive authorities and timely taking preventive and anti-epidemic measures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed analytical modules integrated into the new version of th","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"16 6","pages":"17-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of Skin Burn-Induced Colon Circulatory Disorders Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography and Laser Doppler Flowmetry (Experimental Study).","authors":"M G Ryabkov, P V Peretyagin, S A Shestakova, S S Ptushko, M S Koshmanev, Y L Bederina, A L Potapov, M A Sirotkina, N D Gladkova, E B Kiseleva","doi":"10.17691/stm2024.16.2.05","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2024.16.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The condition of gastrointestinal tract determines in many respects the regenerative capacity and the risk of complications in patients with extensive skin burns. However, the mechanism of developing vascular dysfunction in the colon in the burned individuals has so far been poorly studied. <b>The aim of the investigation</b> is to study intramural circulatory disorders of the colon using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) in different time periods after modeling a thermal burn.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A deep thermal skin burn was induced on the area covering 10% of the body surface of Wistar rats (n=15). The blood flow of the colon wall was continuously monitored for 15 min before and 45 min after the burn using OCTA and LDF. The colon wall was again studied on days 7 and 14 using the same OCTA and LDF techniques. At each time point (45 min, day 7 and 14), 5 animals were withdrawn from the experiment, the colon wall was taken for histological study. The colon wall samples from three control rats without thermal skin burns were also histologically investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 45 min after the induction of the thermal burn, the <i>in vivo</i> OCTA and LDF techniques registered changes in intramural blood flow in the form of dropping of some arterioles and capillaries out of the general blood flow with concurrent activation of vascular shunts as a compensatory mechanism. Histologically, a marked edema of the submucosa, erythrocyte aggregation, and stasis in the capillary network were observed in this period. According to the OCTA and LDF data, the microcirculatory disorders in the colon were partially resolved by day 7, and by day 14 the analyzed indicators returned to the initial level. The data of the histological evaluation have shown that on day 7 after the burn induction, submucosal edema was absent, however, the signs of microcirculatory disorder and inflammatory changes remained. On day 14, the pathological changes in the tissues were not observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The OCTA and LDF methods allowed us to establish experimentally that during the first 45 min thermal burn causes considerable disturbances of the blood flow in the colon wall, which normalizes only by day 14 if no therapy is administered. The obtained data on the mechanism of circulatory disorder development in the colon may become a basis for choosing therapy directed to prevention of intestine dysfunction in people with burns.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"16 2","pages":"47-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11556053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Hydroxyapatite Obtained by Different Techniques: Metabolism and Microarchitecture Characteristics (Review).","authors":"V A Markelov, K V Danilko, V A Solntsev, S V Pyatnitskaya, A R Bilyalov","doi":"10.17691/stm2024.16.6.06","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2024.16.6.06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The literature reports on microarchitecture and metabolism characteristics of synthetic hydroxyapatite obtained by different techniques were analyzed. The direct relation between hydroxyapatite production process and its microarchitecture was stated to exist. In turn, hydroxyapatite microarchitecture largely specifies its metabolism characteristics (a number of processes related to calcium and phosphorus metabolism). Therefore, with reference to the metabolism of synthetic hydroxyapatite with various microarchitectures, we analyzed the relationship of the material under study with the immune system cells. Particular emphasis was given to the relationship of hydroxyapatite characteristics with a recipient's immune system due to the material microarchitecture. The review assessed the possible participation of cell mitochondria in synthetic hydroxyapatite metabolism. There were compared the findings of a recipient's immune system <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> depending on hydroxyapatite nanoscale morphology. The review conclusions emphasized the necessity for further investigations of immunologically mediated metabolism of hydroxyapatite intended for bone implants, including the development of research methods <i>in vitro</i> for deeper understanding of the material properties. There was demonstrated the synthetic hydroxyapatite potential in treating bone defects and specified the significance of <i>in vivo</i> studies to develop bone surgery and reconstructive medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"16 6","pages":"60-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell Model for Testing Pharmaceuticals Targeting Human PD-L1.","authors":"O A Shashkova, L A Terekhina, I S Malakhov, A A Pinevich, N L Vartanyan, K O Avrov, I Yu Krutetskaya, I V Gryazeva, M A Berlina, A Yu Stolbovaya, I V Smirnov, S V Fedorenko, A A Krylova, M A Nadporojskii, S V Shatik, A A Stanzhevskii, M P Samoilovich","doi":"10.17691/stm2024.16.5.01","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2024.16.5.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of this study</b> was to create and evaluate a cell model designed for <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> testing of anti-human PD-L1 therapeutic and diagnostic agents' specificity.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Genetically modified cells expressing human PD-L1 (strain CT26-PD-L1) were obtained by retroviral transduction of murine CT26 carcinoma cells. <i>PD-L1</i> gene activity was assessed by real-time PCR, and PD-L1 expression on cells was identified by flow cytometry. Cells were tested using recombinant single-domain human anti-PD-L1 antibodies (nanoantibodies) conjugated with radioisotopes ⁶⁸Ga or ¹⁷⁷Lu. Immunoreactive fraction and cell internalization of the radioconjugates were evaluated <i>in vitro.</i> For <i>in vivo</i> experiments CT26-PD-L1 cells were transplanted into mice, radioimmunoconjugates were injected 9-14 days later, in 1-48 h the tumors were retrieved and subjected to direct radiometry. Intact CT26 cells not expressing the antigen served as a control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CT26-PD-L1 strain of murine tumor cells expressing human membrane PD-L1 was created. When transplanted into intact BALB/c mice or sublethally irradiated F1(DBA×BALB/c) mice, these cells formed tumors. Thus, a significant advantage of the model was the possibility of <i>in vivo</i> testing of human PD-L1-affinity agents using animals under conventional vivarium conditions. When radioimmunoconjugates were administered to tumor bearing mice, radionuclides accumulated in tumors generated from the transplanted CT26-PD-L1 cells, but not CT26 cells. CT26-PD-L1 cells internalized anti-PD-L1 nanobodies <i>in vitro.</i> Due to a high density of target molecules, CT26-PD-L1 cells allowed both to confirm pharmaceuticals' specificity and to quantify the target-binding fraction of conjugates in a single test.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The created cells are the first genetically engineered cells designed to evaluate affinity of anti-human PD-L1 therapeutic and diagnostic agents in Russia. Test results confirmed the model suitability for <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> testing of the specificity of pharmaceuticals targeting human PD-L1.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"16 5","pages":"5-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Method for Assessing Working Memory in Rats Using Controlled Virtual Environment.","authors":"A V Lebedeva, S A Gerasimova, M I Yashanova, A V Naumov, A A Ivanov, D A Karchkov, O V Martynova, A E Malkov, T A Levanova, A N Pisarchik","doi":"10.17691/stm2024.16.3.02","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2024.16.3.02","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;The aim of the study&lt;/b&gt; is to develop an experimental method to effectively assess the working memory in rats. The method uses a state-of-the-art controlled virtual environment with a virtual maze. The setup includes a treadmill for rodents, a fixation system, a dome for displaying virtual environment, and a control unit.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;b&gt;Biological part of the investigation:&lt;/b&gt; In our study, young healthy Wistar rats aged 6-7 months were used. The initial stage involved habituating the experimental animals to the experimenter over a period of two weeks. The habituation process was conducted in several successive steps. First, the rats were acclimated to wearing a jacket, which is part of the apparatus that holds the animal in the experimental setup. Next, they were familiarized with the fixation system. Following this, the rats were introduced to the treadmill (a sphere), and finally, they were acclimated to the entire setup. Subsequently, the rats were gradually habituated to the virtual maze and the associated reward system through positive reinforcement. This approach helped minimize stress and facilitated their adaptation to the new conditions. The second stage involved exploring the virtual space and learning the features of the virtual maze, including walls, turns, and the end goal. During the learning phase, the animals received positive reinforcement in the form of sugared water from the automatic water dispenser for correctly performed tasks. To navigate the T-maze, the rats used visual cues such as wall color and figures on the wall. At this stage, the rats learned to use virtual space to achieve their goals. Once the rats showed evident progress in learning the virtual environment, we implemented a protocol to assess their working memory. This assessment was based on the time it took for the rats to find the maze arm that provided positive reinforcement.&lt;b&gt;Engineering part of the investigation:&lt;/b&gt; The animal is positioned on a foam plastic sphere with a 30 cm radius, using a custom device that allows its head and paws to remain mobile. Bearing fix the sphere in place, enabling the rat to rotate freely around its vertical axis. The rat's forward and backward movements cause the sphere to rotate, simulating a treadmill. The sphere's movements are detected by two infrared sensors (adapted from optical LED mice with USB interfaces) and transmitted to a computer, which generates an image of the virtual environment - a maze with landmarks on its walls. The virtual environment, created using the Unity Real-Time 3D Development Platform, is projected onto a custom-designed dome display containing the sphere and the lab rat. The setup provided the rat with a 360° field of view.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;In our study, we present a setup that includes a projector, a dome display, a sphere (treadmill), a virtual T-maze, motion capture sensors, systems for securing animals to the sphere, and posi","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"16 3","pages":"12-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11618531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142804409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hippocampal Functional Connectivity and Cognitive Stability in Parasellar Meningiomas (Studied by the \"Virtually Implanted Electrode\" Method).","authors":"E M Savkina, A V Vartanov, M Yu Kaverina, A Yu Kuleva, M V Galkin, O A Krotkova","doi":"10.17691/stm2024.16.6.01","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2024.16.6.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adaptive reactions of the brain ensure cognitive stability of the individual in a fairly wide range of pathological impacts, but the mechanisms for the implementation of such compensatory changes have been poorly studied. <b>The aim of the study</b> was to describe changes in the functional connections of the hippocampus subject to a mild unilateral compression in a sample of patients with parasellar meningiomas.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A homogeneous sample of 28 patients with parasellar meningiomas adjacent to the hippocampus has been studied. In 16 patients, the tumor was diagnosed on the left side, in 12 patients on the right side. These two groups were comparable in terms of tumor morphometric characteristics and the degree of hemispheric compression. The control group consisted of 31 healthy subjects. All three groups were comparable in age and gender. The \"Virtually Implanted Electrode\" method was used to describe changes in brain network connectivity. The method allows for the reconstruction of electrical activity in any brain voxel based on its coordinates relative to scalp electrodes. To describe the functional connectivity of the brain, correlation coefficients between all pairs of the selected areas of interest were sequentially calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The comparison of functional connections of the hippocampus in clinical groups and in a group of healthy participants made it possible to identify the following types of dynamics. The first type involves strong and stable hippocampal connections that have not been affected by the pathological process. These are the connections of the hippocampus with the deep stem formations, amygdala, putamen, globus pallidus, and insula. The second type in the clinical groups is characterized by weakening of functional connections of the hippocampus with the structures that transform afferent information flows. Hypothetically, such a weakening could lead to a change in the thresholds of the hippocampal \"marking the degree of novelty\" of external information flows, being an important way to save individual's resources. The third type is characterized by enhanced functional connections of the hippocampus with the structures supporting executive functions in clinical groups, which is consistent with the facts of increased voluntariness in the implementation of cognitive actions. Compensatory processes of the brain are not symmetrical. The left and right hippocampi differentially alter functional connectivity under adverse conditions. Restructuring of the interhemispheric interaction may also be considered as a factor ensuring cognitive stability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Changes in the hippocampal functional connections, identified in the clinical groups by the \"Virtual Implanted Electrode\" method, can be considered as an adaptive brain reaction aimed at maintaining cognitive stability in parasellar meningiomas.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"16 6","pages":"5-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Accuracy of Spatial Object Localization by Means of Mono and Stereo Modes of Visual-to-Auditory Sensory Substitution in People with Visual Impairments (a Pilot Study).","authors":"A S Butorova, E A Koryukin, N M Khomenko, A P Sergeev","doi":"10.17691/stm2024.16.4.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17691/stm2024.16.4.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of the study</b> is to assess the accuracy of spatial object localization in mono and stereo modes of visual-to-auditory sensory substitution by means of the developed system tested on persons with normal or corrected-to-normal vision.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A prototype of a visual-to-auditory sensory substitution device based on a video camera with two lenses was prepared. Software to convert the signal from a video camera into an audio signal in mono and stereo modes was developed.To assess the developed system, an experimental study with 30 blindfolded sighted participants was conducted. 15 persons were tested in mono mode, 15 - in stereo mode. All persons were trained to use the visual-to-auditory sensory substitution system. During the experiment, participants were to locate a white plastic cube with dimensions of 4×4×4 cm³ on a working surface. The researcher placed the cube in one of 20 positions on the working surface in a pseudo-random order.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>To assess the accuracy of the cube localization, deviations along the <i>X-</i> and <i>Y</i>-axes and absolute deviations were calculated. The general dynamics of localization accuracy was positive both in mono and stereo modes. Absolute deviation and <i>X</i>-axis deviation were significantly higher in stereo mode; there was no significant difference in <i>Y</i>-axis deviation between modes. On average, participants tended to underestimate the distance to the cube when it was on the left, right, or far side of the working surface, and overestimate the distance to the cube when it was on the near side of the working surface.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tests demonstrated that the accuracy of object localization in stereo mode can be improved by increasing the time for training the participants and by showing them more presentations. The results of the study can be used to develop assistive techniques for people with visual impairments, to manufacture medical equipment, and create brain-computer interfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"16 4","pages":"29-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11773144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain-Computer Interfaces for Upper Limb Motor Recovery after Stroke: Current Status and Development Prospects (Review).","authors":"O A Mokienko, R Kh Lyukmanov, P D Bobrov, N A Suponeva, M A Piradov","doi":"10.17691/stm2023.15.6.07","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2023.15.6.07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are a group of technologies that allow mental training with feedback for post-stroke motor recovery. Varieties of these technologies have been studied in numerous clinical trials for more than 10 years, and their construct and software are constantly being improved. Despite the positive treatment results and the availability of registered medical devices, there are currently a number of problems for the wide clinical application of BCI technologies. This review provides information on the most studied types of BCIs and its training protocols and describes the evidence base for the effectiveness of BCIs for upper limb motor recovery after stroke. The main problems of scaling this technology and ways to solve them are also described.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"15 6","pages":"63-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11811833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143412220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RNA Sequencing and Spatial Transcriptomics in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury (Review).","authors":"Yu A Chelyshev, I L Ermolin","doi":"10.17691/stm2023.15.6.08","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2023.15.6.08","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to understand the fundamental mechanisms of the spinal cord functioning, it is necessary to reveal a complete set of cell types and their populations, which can be identified by the unique combination of their features. The technologies of single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing serve as effective tools for determining the role of various types of cells in normal and pathological reactions in the spinal cord. Spatial transcriptomics combines these technologies with the methods of obtaining and saving spatial information about cells in the tissue, which allows one to localize more precisely the injured area, characterize in detail the tissue compartments in the specific anatomical region, and analyze the pathological picture at the cellular and molecular level. Atlases of development of RNA-sequencing technologies and spatial transcriptomics created on the basis of the data from single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing open great opportunities for new perspective concepts concerning the mechanisms of rearranging neural connections and restoration of sensorimotor functions in traumatic spine injury. The transcriptomes obtained were a powerful resource for detecting new functions of the nervous tissue cells. To establish therapeutic targets, the detected molecular diversity in neurons of various types enables tracing and comparing their susceptibility and regenerative potential. Determination of causes of selective cell susceptibility in spinal cord injury needs comprehensive information on the specificity of human cell populations in comparison with the known data obtained on the experimental models. In the present review, we have summarized advances in identification and study of cell characteristics in a traumatized spinal cord based on transcription profiling at a single-cell or single-nucleus level.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"15 6","pages":"75-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11811828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Diagnostic Schizophrenia Biomarkers Based on the Assessment of Immune and Systemic Inflammation Parameters Using Machine Learning Modeling.","authors":"I K Malashenkova, S A Krynskiy, D P Ogurtsov, N A Khailov, P V Druzhinina, A V Bernstein, A V Artemov, G Sh Mamedova, N V Zakharova, G P Kostyuk, V L Ushakov, M G Sharaev","doi":"10.17691/stm2023.15.6.01","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2023.15.6.01","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Disorders of systemic immunity and immune processes in the brain have now been shown to play an essential role in the development and progression of schizophrenia. Nevertheless, only a few works were devoted to the study of some immune parameters to objectify the diagnosis by means of machine learning. At the same time, machine learning methods have not yet been applied to a set of data fully reflecting systemic characteristics of the immune status (parameters of adaptive immunity, the level of inflammatory markers, the content of major cytokines). Considering a complex nature of immune system disorders in schizophrenia, incorporation of a broad panel of immunological data into machine learning models is promising for improving classification accuracy and identifying the parameters reflecting the immune disorders typical for the majority of patients. &lt;b&gt;The aim of the study&lt;/b&gt; is to assess the possibility of using immunological parameters to objectify the diagnosis of schizophrenia applying machine learning models.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We have analyzed 17 immunological parameters in 63 schizophrenia patients and 36 healthy volunteers. The parameters of humoral immunity, systemic level of the key cytokines of adaptive immunity, anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and other inflammatory markers were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Applied methods of machine learning covered the main group of approaches to supervised learning such as linear models (logistic regression), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), support vector machine (linear SVM, RBF SVM), k-nearest neighbors algorithm, Gaussian processes, naive Bayes classifier, decision trees, and ensemble models (AdaBoost, random forest, XGBoost). The importance of features for prediction from the best fold has been analyzed for the machine learning methods, which demonstrated the best quality. The most significant features were selected using 70% quantile threshold.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The AdaBoost ensemble model with ROC AUC of 0.71±0.15 and average accuracy (ACC) of 0.78±0.11 has demonstrated the best quality on a 10-fold cross validation test sample. Within the frameworks of the present investigation, the AdaBoost model has shown a good quality of classification between the patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers (ROC AUC over 0.70) at a high stability of the results (σ less than 0.2). The most important immunological parameters have been established for differentiation between the patients and healthy volunteers: the level of some systemic inflammatory markers, activation of humoral immunity, pro-inflammatory cytokines, immunoregulatory cytokines and proteins, Th1 and Th2 immunity cytokines. It was for the first time that the possibility of differentiating schizophrenia patients from healthy volunteers was shown with the accuracy of more than 70% with the help of machine learning using only immune parameters.The results of t","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"15 6","pages":"5-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11811831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143412223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}