Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine最新文献

{"title":"Capabilities of Human Biotissue Fluorescence Spectroscopy in the Wearable Multimodal Version.","authors":"A V Dunaev, V S Yanushin, Yu I Loktionova, E V Zharkikh","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.3.03","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.3.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pathological processes in biotissues are characterized by a shift in metabolic homeostasis causing biochemical changes, which can be detected by fluorescence spectroscopy methods. A wide spectrum of capabilities, simple implementation, and valuable diagnostic information obtained attract considerable interest of the medical community. <b>The aim of the study</b> is to analyze the current problems of fluorescence spectroscopy of biotissues and demonstrate new capabilities of this method in a wearable multimodal version for solving various problems of practical medicine.</p><p><strong>Theoretical part of the investigation: </strong>Factors influencing the registration of biotissue fluorescence have been considered. It has been established that the assessment of mitochondrial function (oxidative metabolism) by NADH and FAD fluorescence spectra is possible only under certain assumptions due to the difficulties in determining the contribution of collagen and some other fluorophores to the total spectrum. The capabilities of multimodal approach have been studied, i.e. сombining fluorescence spectroscopy and laser Doppler flowmetry in one diagnostic system as a wearable version of device implementation.</p><p><strong>Experimental part of the investigation: </strong>To demonstrate the capabilities of the wearable analyzers of the oxidative biotissue metabolism, pilot experimental investigations have been carried out involving 8 conditionally healthy volunteers. Parameters of microcirculatory-tissue systems (oxidative metabolism) were recorded with a modified multimodal wearable analyzer capable of measuring the skin fluorescence spectra in a wide range from 320 to 900 nm. Skin fluorescence was registered in the region of forehead, dorsal carpal surface, the volar surface of the distal phalanx of the middle finger, and the plantar surface of the distal phalanx of the first toe at a 365 nm wavelength of exciting irradiation.The conducted experiment has shown that despite the existing effect of biotissue hyperemia together with the level of melanin on the recorded fluorescence spectrum, the assessment of skin fluorescence intensity in dynamics and functional tests reflect changes in metabolic processes of biotissues and may be considered as a promising diagnostic criterion.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 3","pages":"29-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene Therapy Techniques and Delivery Methods (Review).","authors":"E I Shchukina, I O Mazunin, I I Eremin, A A Moskalev","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.6.06","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.6.06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gene therapy has evolved into a sophisticated field encompassing diverse precision editing platforms and advanced delivery systems capable of addressing complex genetic disorders and age-related pathologies. This comprehensive review examines the current landscape of gene therapeutic technologies, including CRISPR-based genome editing, base editing systems, prime editing platforms, and emerging DNA polymerase-based editors alongside their corresponding delivery methodologies. The review encompasses viral vectors, including tissue-specific adeno-associated virus serotypes, non-viral delivery systems such as ionizable lipid nanoparticles and virus-like particles, and innovative platforms, including exosome-based delivery and the SEND system. We examine therapeutic applications spanning nuclear genome editing, mitochondrial genome modification, RNA editing, and epigenetic modulation, demonstrating the expanding scope of gene therapy beyond traditional monogenic disorders. Critical analysis reveals that while fundamental technological capabilities have been established, significant challenges remain in manufacturing scalability, long-term safety assessment, delivery across physiological barriers, and optimization of editing efficiency in post-mitotic tissues. The integration of artificial intelligence approaches for predictive analysis and rational vector design represents a promising avenue for addressing current limitations. This review concludes that successful clinical implementation requires systematic resolution of manufacturing, safety, and delivery challenges alongside the development of standardized protocols for patient stratification and robust regulatory frameworks that accommodate rapid technological innovation while ensuring patient safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 6","pages":"56-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12892848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy Evaluation of \"Enhanced\" Natural Killers with <i>CISH</i> and <i>B2M</i> Knockouts on Viability and Metabolic Status of 3D Glioblastoma Spheroid Cells in Patients.","authors":"D V Yuzhakova, D A Sachkova, M V Shirmanova, V I Shcheslavskiy, A M Mozherov, E B Dashinimaev, V P Baklaushev, G M Yusubalieva","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.10","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the alternative approaches to glioblastoma treatment is cellular immunotherapy based on natural killer cells (NK cells). To enhance their cytotoxic effect on tumor cells, new NK cell lines are being created using genetic engineering techniques. <b>The aim of the study</b> was to evaluate the impact efficacy of \"enhanced\" NK cells on early metabolic rearrangements and the viability of glioblastoma cells in a patient using a tumor spheroid model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study used a primary culture of GBM7-Luc2-mKate2 human glioblastoma, a line of YT (YTwt) wildtype human NK cells, as well as lines created by us with overexpression of VAV1 protein with either <i>CISH</i> (YT-Vav1⁺CISH^-/-) or <i>B2M</i> (YT-Vav1⁺B2M^-/-) knockouts. Tumor spheroids were produced in round-bottomed, low-adhesive plates. 100 thousand immune cells were added to each spheroid, and spheroids viability was evaluated at several time points applying fluorescence staining using a live/dead cell viability assay kit; autofluorescence of metabolic coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate), or NAD(P)H, was visualized in spheroids using an LSM 880 laser scanning microscope (Carl Zeiss, Germany) with a FLIM module (Becker & Hickl GmbH, Germany).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was found that autofluorescence attenuation parameters of NAD(P)H coenzyme in human glioblastoma cells change significantly when exposed to both YT-Vav1⁺CISH^-/- and YT-Vav1⁺B2M^-/-, indicating occurrence of an early metabolic shift in tumor cells towards a less aggressive oxidative phenotype, and this is consistent with dead cells fraction increase and living cells fraction decrease in spheroid composition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The data obtained on enhanced cytotoxic activity of new modified NK cell lines against human glioblastoma spheroids are important to understand interaction mechanisms between tumor and immune cells and the development of glioblastoma adoptive cell therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 1","pages":"109-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of High-Concentration Collagen-Based Composition and Gelatin Granules as Bioinks for Extrusion 3D Bioprinting of Porous-Structured Hydrogel Constructs.","authors":"A A Kisel, E V Isaeva, E E Beketov, N V Arguchinskaya, V R Gusarova, A O Yakimova, G A Demyashkin, T S Lagoda, D S Baranovsky, I D Klabukov, S A Ivanov, P V Shegay, A D Kaprin","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.5.02","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.5.02","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;The aim of the study&lt;/b&gt; was to analyze the composition feasibility of the bioinks based on high-concentration collagen (40 mg/ml) and gelatin granules (6.25 mg/ml) for bioprinting of porous-structured hydrogel constructs using an extrusion 3D bioprinter.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Bioprinting was performed on a 3D Invivo bioprinter (Rokit, South Korea). We assessed the filament continuity during extrusion, the changes in its thickness after test printing and incubation, as well as the biodegradation of prepared scaffolds. The hydrogel cytocompatibility was studied by the proliferation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) incorporated into the scaffolds. Flow cytometry was performed to determine the immunophenotype of ADSCs. Cell proliferation in the scaffold structure was studied &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; during 28 days spectrophotometrically after adding PrestoBlue reagent. The expression of target genes was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on day 21 of cultivation. We used the primers for mRNA encoding the synthesis of chondrogenic factors and metabolites (&lt;i&gt;ACAN&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;SOX9&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;COL1A1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;COL2A1&lt;/i&gt;), surface markers (&lt;i&gt;CD29&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;CD44&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;CD73&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;CD90&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;CD105&lt;/i&gt;), as well as hypoxia (&lt;i&gt;HIF1A&lt;/i&gt;), proliferation (&lt;i&gt;PCNA&lt;/i&gt;), and apoptosis (&lt;i&gt;BCL2&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;BAX&lt;/i&gt;) factors. The morphology of the scaffolds was studied on day 28 of culturing by light microscopy after fixing and staining the histological sections.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The extrusion of the high concentration collagen-based hydrogel composition (40 mg/ml) and gelatin granules (6.25 mg/ml) during printing was stable, there was no filament breakage. When incubated in phosphate-buffered saline, the filament thickness of the hydrogel was statistically significantly higher than the scaffold thickness after printing. The degradation of the scaffolds from the hydrogel and gelatin in the solution of type I collagenase started earlier than the collagen scaffolds. The incubation in phosphate-buffered saline for 14 days resulted in less mass loss when drying the collagen scaffolds with gelatin granules. The cells isolated from human adipose tissue expressed surface markers characteristic of ADSCs. ADSCs proliferation and differentiation in chondrogenic direction were observed in both groups compared. The differences were in the spatial arrangement of the cells. In the collagen scaffolds the most cells were on the surface, while in the scaffolds from collagen and gelatin the cells were distributed throughout the whole volume. The 2&lt;sup&gt;-ΔΔCt&lt;/sup&gt; quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results showed the increased expression of the transcription factor &lt;i&gt;SOX9&lt;/i&gt; by the cells in the collagen and gelatin scaffolds, as well as the decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic gene &lt;i&gt;BCL2&lt;/i&gt; relative to the collagen scaffolds.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The ","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 5","pages":"33-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12715487/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145807278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decellularized Nerve Scaffold in a Rat Model of Extensive Peripheral Nerve Damage.","authors":"T V Rusinova, R A Vinogradov, A S Asyakina, G P Chuprynin, A A Fomenko, E A Solop, K I Melkonyan","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.6.02","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.6.02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of the study</b> was to develop a modified protocol for rat sciatic nerve decellularization and evaluate its efficacy in a rat model of an extensive peripheral nerve defect.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study described a modified detergent-enzymatic decellularization protocol to create a decellularized nerve scaffold. A decellularization process (24 h) included the sequential treatment of a rat sciatic nerve with the solutions of trypsin-versene, 1% Triton X-100, 4% sodium deoxycholate, phosphate-buffered saline, and pancreatic DNase I. We modelled an extended defect of the sciatic nerve (15±2 mm), and Wistar rats were implanted with autografts or decellularized nerve scaffolds. The nerve recovery was assessed on day 90 after implantation using an immunohistochemistry analysis of the total count of nerve fibers, intact motor fibers, and myelinated fibers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the histological examination and DAPI staining showed the complete destruction and washing of nuclear material to preserve the nerve structure after decellularization. The DNA content in the decellularized scaffolds was 48.17±4.25 ng/mg of tissue, while in the native nerve it was 221.51±1.36 ng/mg. The analysis of the tissue response to the decellularized scaffold subcutaneously implanted demonstrated the absence of macrophages. Histology revealed a moderate number of intact nerve fibers in the orthotopically implanted decellularized scaffold (835.6 [804.2; 866.0] per 1 mm² of tissue) compared to the autograft (1284.1 [1190.5; 1316.0] per 1 mm² of tissue). The decellularized scaffold implantation resulted in an increase in the number of small myelinated fibers and the restoration of motor and sensory nerve fibers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of detergent-enzymatic decellularization of the rat sciatic nerve demonstrated high efficacy, which was confirmed by the absence of nuclear material with the nerve histological structure preserved. The presence of the sufficient number of Schwann cells 3 months after implantation and the perineurium formation are the positive characteristics when assessing the nerve decellularization protocol efficacy. Thus, the decellularized nerve scaffold is a promising replacement of autografts to treat extensive defects of peripheral nerves.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 6","pages":"16-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12892847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectroscopic Study of Methylene Blue Interaction with Coenzymes and its Effect on Tumor Metabolism.","authors":"D V Pominova, A V Ryabova, A S Skobeltsin, I V Markova, I D Romanishkin","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.02","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of the investigation</b> is to study the interaction of methylene blue (MB) with NADH, FADH₂ coenzymes and lactate, and to evaluate a long-term effect of its intravenous or oral introduction on tumor metabolism <i>in vivo</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The MB interaction with NADH, FADH₂ coenzymes and lactate was studied using absorption spectrophotometry. A long-term effect of MB on tumor metabolism <i>in vivo</i> was investigated on a mice model of Ehrlich carcinoma. The effect of MB on tumor metabolism <i>in vivo</i> was assessed using time-resolved fluorescence microscopy based on the NADH fluorescence lifetime.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NADH has been established to be the main coenzyme with which MB interacts. The reduction of the lactate quantity is mediated by the shift of tumor metabolism as a result of MB interaction with the NADH. In the experiments <i>in vivo</i>, no noticeable tumor growth rate reduction was observed in the groups with intravenous MB introduction in comparison with the control. In the group receiving MB with drinking water, a decrease of the tumor growth rate, reduction of oxygenation level, and a1/a2 metabolic index were observed, which confirms the shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The possibility of using MB for the tumor metabolism correction and growth rate reduction has been demonstrated, however, the time of therapy and MB concentration should be optimized to obtain more pronounced therapeutic effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 1","pages":"18-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual Brain Tumor Invasion Mapping Based on Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging.","authors":"E L Pogosbekyan, N E Zakharova, A I Batalov, A M Shevchenko, L M Fadeeva, A E Bykanov, A N Tyurina, I V Chekhonin, S A Galstyan, D I Pitskhelauri, I N Pronin, D Yu Usachev","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.08","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of the investigation</b> is to develop and implement an algorithm for image analysis in brain tumors (glioblastoma and metastasis) based on diffusion kurtosis MRI images (DKI) for the assessment of anisotropic changes in brain tissues in the directions from the tumor to the intact (as shown by the standard MRI data) white matter, which will enable generating individual tumor invasion maps.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A healthy volunteer and two patients (one with glioblastoma and the other with a single metastasis of small cell lung cancer) were examined by DKI obtaining 12 parametric kurtosis maps for each participant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the investigation, we have developed an algorithm of DKI analysis and plotting the profile of tissue parameters in the direction from the tumor towards the unaffected white matter according to the data of standard MRI. Changes of the DKI indicators along the trajectories built using the proposed algorithm in the perifocal zone of glioblastoma and metastasis have been compared in this work. We obtained not only changes in the parameters (gradients in trajectory plots) but also a visual reflection (on color maps) of a known pathomorphology of the process - no significant gradients of DKI parameters were detected in the perifocal metastasis edema, since there was a pure vasogenic edema and no infiltrative component. In glioblastoma, gradients of DKI parameters were found not only in the zone of perifocal edema but beyond the zone of MR signal as well, which is believed to reflect diffusion disorders along the white matter fibers and different degrees of brain tissue infiltration by glioblastoma cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed algorithm of DKI analysis in brain tumors makes it possible to determine the degree of changes in the tissue microstructure in the perifocal zone of brain glioblastoma relative to the metastasis. The study aimed at obtaining individual maps of tumor invasion, which will be applied in planning neurosurgical and radiation treatment and for predicting directions of further growth of malignant gliomas.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 1","pages":"81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Extractive to Inclusive Health Preservation Model.","authors":"N N Karyakin","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.2.01","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nowadays, the healthcare systems of several countries have reached an efficiency threshold, therefore, even increased fundin will not significantly impact life expectancy, particularly in terms of healthy life expectancy. This situation underscores the necessity of complementing national healthcare systems, which focus on early diagnosis and treatment of diseases, with a multi-level primary prevention system that extends beyond the traditional boundaries of healthcare. In this regard, the inclusive model has been proposed, focused on health preservation, in contrast to the extractive model that emphasizes the exploitation of biological organism reserves. This inclusive model is represented as an \"onion bulb\" structure, where each layer consists of a set of interconnected measures within a multi-level policy aimed at strengthening and maintaining the population health.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 2","pages":"5-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory Markers of Impaired Erythropoiesis in Early Diagnosis of Perioperative Anemias.","authors":"N B Teryaeva, O K Kvan, Yu V Strunina, A S Kulikov","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.2.05","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of the study</b> was to assess the diagnostic value of laboratory indicators of hemoglobin content in reticulocytes for the early detection of predisposition for perioperative anemia in patients with total hemoglobin within the reference range.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Observational retrospective single-center continuous cross-sectional study has been carried out to determine the need for transfusion of erythrocyte-containing components (ECC) depending on the values of reticulocyte hemoglobin (Ret-He) and delta-hemoglobin (Delta-He) in patients with unchanged (within the reference range) values of the total hemoglobin. The groups of comparison were formed using the diagnostic Hema-Plot algorithm, under which Ret-He and Delta-He values deviate from the reference range towards greater or smaller magnitudes in various types of anemia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Deviations from the reference intervals of Ret-He and Delta-He values were observed in 26% of patients not formally meeting the WHO criteria for anemia on admission. Indications for ECC transfusion therapy were more likely to occur in patients who had changes in Ret-He and Delta-He corresponding to the signs of anemias of different genesis according to the Hema-Plot algorithm.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Ret-He and Delta-He values in patients with unchanged hemoglobin allow for making a decision on the need for ECC transfusion therapy in the postoperative period.The differences between the groups formed on the basis of Ret-He and Delta-He deviations from the reference values are in line with the diagnostic signs of anemias of various origins. They also allow one to discuss the variants of impaired erythropoiesis at the very early stages of the disorder and the risk of anemia development in patients with formally unchanged total hemoglobin levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 2","pages":"48-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern Medical Rehabilitation Methods for Patients with Peripheral Nerve and Brachial Plexus Injuries (Review).","authors":"A N Belova, T S Kalinina, T V Buylova, S V Fomin, A G Polyakova","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.2.08","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.2.08","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peripheral nerve and brachial plexus injuries represent one of the most serious medical challenges due to the high frequency of disabling consequences. Medical rehabilitation for such injuries is critically important as it ensures the most complete functional recovery for patients. <b>The aim of this review</b> is to summarize and interpret the data on medical rehabilitation methods, as well as to assess the effectiveness of rehabilitation strategies and techniques for restoring upper limb functions after peripheral nerve and brachial plexus injuries. Information is provided on the theoretical foundations of functional recovery following peripheral nerve and nerve plexus injuries, as well as on factors that may hinder the full functional recovery of patients. There are discussed rehabilitation strategies and methods aimed at accelerating nerve fiber regeneration, preventing complications, correcting cortical plasticity, restoring patients' functional capabilities, and improving their quality of life. Special attention is given to pain management, electrical stimulation, sensory deficit correction, and physical therapy in the postoperative period. Rehabilitation modalities and the medical rehabilitation duration are highly individualized and depend on numerous factors that determine the rehabilitation interventions direction. However, a significant number of rehabilitation methods have a low evidence base: many scientific studies are based on small samples, do not consider the heterogeneous nature of injuries, and do not evaluate longterm outcomes. Further research is needed to assess the effectiveness of both individual rehabilitation techniques and comprehensive rehabilitation programs that facilitate the recovery of motor activity in patients with peripheral nerve and brachial plexus injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 2","pages":"86-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}