Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine最新文献

{"title":"Russian‑Language Version of the Trail Making Test Implemented on the Inquisit Computer Platform.","authors":"I A Fedotov, A G Faustova, A A Zaitseva, E A Fedotova, D I Shustov","doi":"10.17691/stm2026.18.4.04","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2026.18.4.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of the study</b> was to adapt and validate the Trail Making Test (TMT) implemented on the Inquisit computer platform.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 69 individuals were examined: 34 conditionally mentally healthy volunteers (12 men and 22 women; mean age 20.6 [20.1; 21.2] years) and 35 schizophrenia patients (12 men and 23 women; mean age 38.7 [34.1; 43.3] years). The test tasks and user interface of the original English‑language TMT script were translated into Russian. The correctness of the translation was verified by the Inquisit platform developers, after which the Russian‑language version was made available on the platform. The study (testing was performed twice) was conducted using the Russian‑language TMT script, the Cancellation Test, the Number Finding Test (Schulte tables), and the 10‑Word Learning Test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.96 for the conditionally mentally healthy group and 0.90 for the schizophrenia patient group, indicating sufficient internal consistency of the TMT. Quantitative measures of test‑retest reliability reached noticeable to high levels on the Chaddock scale for time‑based parameters, while no correlations were found for the number of errors. For both groups, positive statistically significant correlations were found between the time spent on the TMT and the Number Finding Test. In the schizophrenia patients, negative statistically significant correlations were found between the number of lines processed (Cancellation Test) and the time spent (TMT). These findings confirm convergent validity between TMT time scores, classical attention tests, and dynamic characteristics of thinking. At the same time, no significant correlations were found between the number of errors in the TMT and in the Cancellation Test. This might be related to different neuropsychological mechanisms underlying errors in these tests. Discriminant validity was demonstrated by the absence of significant correlations between most TMT measures and the results of the 10‑Word Learning Test in both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The adapted TMT has sufficient internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity, and test‑retest reliability. Thus, it can be recommended for use in research to assess executive function deficits in schizophrenia patients. Notably, time spent on TMT tasks is the parameter that most closely corresponds to the assessment of dynamic attention indicators.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"18 4","pages":"33-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13602027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149042827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Application of Methylene Blue and Chlorin e6 Photosensitizers: Investigation on a Cell Culture.","authors":"A V Ryabova, I D Romanishkin, I V Markova, D V Pominova","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.06","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The application of photosensitizers for inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation in order to temporally decrease oxygen uptake by tumor cells in the course of photodynamic therapy (PDT) evokes growing interest. <b>The aim of the study</b> is to overcome tumor hypoxia for further photodynamic therapy with simultaneous use of type I photosensitizer methylene blue (MB) and type II photosensitizer chlorin e6.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A photodynamic activity of MB and its combined use with chlorin e6 has been studied on the HeLa cell culture, their effect on cell metabolism in their co-accumulation and subsequent irradiation has also been assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MB generates reactive oxygen species in the cells in contrast to chlorin e6, which produces singlet oxygen. Besides, MB is converted to a colorless leucoform at low concentrations in the process of de-oxygenation. Incubation of cells with MB concurrently with chlorin e6 results in its greater fluorescence as compared to the incubation with MB only. MB concentration in the range of 1-10 mg/kg and the laser radiation dose of 60 J/cm² do not cause cell death, probably, due to the MB transition to the photodynamically inactive leucoform. Cell death is observed after PDT in all samples with chlorin e6 and with MB at the 0-20 mg/kg concentration ranges and at 60 J/cm² radiation dose. The phototoxicity of MB together with chlorin e6 is higher than that of chlorin e6 alone. The analysis of metabolic NADH cofactor lifetime after the incubation of the cells with MB and chlorin e6, and after PDT with them has revealed the presence of stress seen as an extension of NADH fluorescence cloud along the metabolic axis. After PDT with low concentrations of MB, the NADH fluorescent cloud on the phasor diagram shifts to the right towards short lifetimes (closer to anaerobic glycolysis along the NADH metabolic trajectory). The PDT with MB and chlorin e6 leads to the shift of the NADH fluorescence cloud on the phasor diagram to the left towards long lifetimes (closer to oxidative phosphorylation along the NADH metabolic trajectory). In this case, the cells die due to necrosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The co-accumulation of MB with chlorin e6 prevents MB reduction to a colorless leucoform, decreasing the oxygen uptake by the cells and making it possible to use simultaneously type I and II photodynamic reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 1","pages":"58-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Development of Inner Ear Membrane Analog for Experimental Otorhinolaryngology.","authors":"A A Riabinin, O S Rogovaya, A I Kryukov, N L Kunelskaya, E S Yanyushkina, V V Mischenko, M M Ilyin, E A Shershunova, V V Voyevodin, S V Nebogatkin, K I Pomanov, E A Vorotelyak","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.3.01","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.3.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of the investigation</b> was to develop and evaluate a model of the human round window membrane (mRWM) of the inner ear that is suitable for representative studies of drug permeation and cytotoxicity.</p><p><strong>Biological part of the study: </strong>Several substrate options were tested to create the mRWM, including 2 variants of Viscoll collagen membranes (IMTEK, Russia) and a multi-component G-Derm membrane (G-DERM, Russia). In the first variant, only HaCaT epithelial cells were seeded on the membranes, and in the second variant, primary human dermal fibroblasts were seeded together with HaCaT epithelial cells (sequential application). The obtained mRWM were evaluated by morphological criteria using histochemical methods. As a result, the decision was made to use mRWM constructed on Viscoll membranes with the inclusion of both primary fibroblasts and human epithelial cells.</p><p><strong>Technical part of the study: </strong>A series of scientific experiments has been performed on the obtained mRWM aimed at studying the permeability and developing modes of electrophysical action on this biological barrier while maintaining its morphological and functional integrity and ensuring accelerated passage of dexamethasone through it. To accelerate the passage of dexamethasone across the mRWM, the electrophysical system initiated targeted iontophoresis of negatively charged dexamethasone molecules in parallel with electroporation of cell membranes in the sample. After the exposure, the residual viability of mRWM was assessed by histochemical staining with calcein and propidium iodide. The change in dexamethasone concentration after passage across the mRWM was assessed using a highly sensitive chromatograph.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>During the optimization of the mRWM fabrication protocol and the selection of suitable substrate components and cellular material, the model based on a thin Viscoll collagen membrane has been chosen as a substrate and primary human dermal fibroblasts and epithelial cells of the HaCaT line as a cellular material. The obtained experimental samples of mRWM represent a semipermeable membrane with living cells on the surface and are an alternative analog of the native structure, reproducing its geometric and morphofunctional characteristics. In addition, there has been demonstrated a method of using the for preclinical studies of electrophysical devices designed for accelerated passage of target substances through this membrane using electroporative and iontophoretic effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 3","pages":"5-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spheroids from Epithelial and Mesenchymal Cell Phenotypes as Building Blocks in Bioprinting (Review).","authors":"D P Revokatova, P I Koteneva, N V Kosheleva, A I Shpichka, P S Timashev","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.11","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most tissues and organs are based on cells of the epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes. Epithelial cells build protective barriers, have a key role in absorption and secretion, and participate in metabolism. Characterized by high plasticity and ability to migrate, mesenchymal cells ensure structural support, promote tissue restoration and are important for matrix remodeling. Interaction between these two cell types is critical for maintaining the body integrity and functioning. Modern tissue engineering is aimed at creation of artificial tissues and organs that have the required cellular composition, mechanical properties and functional potential for medical usage. One of the most popular methods of tissue engineering is 3D bioprinting, which allows creating complex three-dimensional structures with specified characteristics. Recently, special attention has been paid to bioprinting with spheroids being three-dimensional cellular aggregates that can be used as building blocks for tissue-engineered structures. Due to numerous cell-to-cell contacts and accumulation of extracellular matrix, spheroids ensure conditions allowing to form anatomical tissues and organs. To optimize bioprinting conditions, one shall precisely understand the mechanical properties of spheroids, as they directly affect the ability of cells to migrate and fuse, and thus the rate of construct formation and its overall morphology. This review summarizes the available data on the differences in mechanical properties of epithelial and mesenchymal spheroids, examines methods for their co-culturing in various applications of regenerative medicine, as well as analyzes the peculiarities of their use in different bioprinting methods to obtain high-quality tissue constructs.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 1","pages":"133-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytoprotective Action of Sodium Fumarate in an <i>in vitro</i> Model of Hypoxia Using Sodium Dithionite.","authors":"A Yu Vinokurov, S V Popov, D Yu Belyakov, D Yu Popov, A S Nikulin, V D Zakrzhevskaya, R G Guseinov, K V Sivak, A V Dunaev, E V Potapova, A Yu Abramov","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.09","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.09","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypoxia is a part of many pathological and some physiological processes. It also occurs as a result of surgical techniques associated with limiting the blood supply to the operated organs and tissues. Hypoxia leads to a significant decrease in the ability of cells to implement energy-dependent processes due to a reduced contribution of mitochondria to the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In order to protect cells and increase the time of surgery, infusion of a solution of sodium fumarate for several days before the surgical procedure is suggested. However, the mechanism of the observed protective effect is still a subject of discussion. <b>The aim of the research was to study</b> the mechanism of the sodium fumarate cytoprotective effect on renal epithelial cells in acute hypoxia modeling <i>in vitro</i> by reducing oxygen in the medium using sodium dithionite.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study was conducted using the MDCK renal epithelial cell line with sodium dithionite at a concentration of 5 mM to create hypoxic conditions. The parameters of cellular metabolism (including the value of mitochondrial membrane potential, the state of mitochondrial NADH and FAD, the content of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ and the pH level in the cytosol, the rate of glucose absorption by cells, and cell death) were assessed by means of confocal and wide-field fluorescence microscopy. The concentration of dissolved oxygen was established using the polarographic method with a Clark electrode.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was demonstrated that the use of sodium dithionite allows modeling acute hypoxia <i>in vitro</i> with a rapid decrease in the oxygen concentration in the cell incubation medium, which resulted in a change in mitochondrial function and the apoptosis progression. At that, sodium fumarate reduces the level of cell death, which is associated not with the restoration of the ATP-producing ability of mitochondria, but rather with an increase in the contribution of alternative sources of high-energy compounds.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>At the cellular level, using an optimized hypoxia model, the study revealed the mechanism of the protective role of sodium fumarate, which explained the antihypoxant effectiveness in assisted ischemia of organs and tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 1","pages":"93-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migration of Regulatory T Cells to the Peritumor Microenvironment of Experimental Glioblastoma.","authors":"E P Yanysheva, P A Melnikov, D A Chudakova, M V Shirmanova, V P Baklaushev, G M Yusubalieva","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.07","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary brain tumor with poor prognosis characterized by resistance to standard treatments and immune evasion. Regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) play a key role in immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment and can be used as targets for malignant gliomas therapy. <b>The aim of the investigation</b> is to study migration of Tregs to the tumor site in the process of dynamic glioblastoma growth on the transgenic C57Bl/6-FoxP3-eGFP mouse line.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study was performed using the C57Bl/6-FoxP3-eGFP mouse strain, which allows for the detection of FoxP3-positive Tregs by fluorescent signal. Orthotopic glioblastomas were implanted by stereotactic injection of fluorescently labeled GL-261-BFP and GL-261-mScarlet tumor cell lines. Intravital confocal microscopy was used to monitor infiltration of the tumor site by immune cells, visualized by intravenous injection of fluorescently labeled antibodies against CD45. The results of intravital microscopy were confirmed by histological and immunohistochemical examination on days 3, 6, 9, 14, and 16 after the implantation. To assess the immunological status, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were isolated from the brain and Tregs were counted using a flow cytometer (immediately after isolation and after cultivation for 2 weeks).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intravital microscopy and brain slice studies have demonstrated infiltration of the glioblastoma site by Tregs, with the proportion of Tregs increasing with tumor progression (the increase in the absolute number of Treg was proportional to the increase in the number of glioma cells). Subsequent co-cultivation of isolated TILs with glioma cells revealed increase of Treg population within 2 weeks from 2.8% to >40%, confirming the activating effect of glioblastoma with respect to Tregs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The dynamics of GL-261 glioma microenvironment infiltration by Tregs has been investigated. The glioblastoma cells were shown to activate Tregs in the peritumor space <i>in vivo</i> and to promote their selective expansion when co-cultured with TILs <i>in vitro</i>. These data can be used for further studies on C57Bl/6-FoxP3-eGFP mice to find approaches to inactivate Tregs in glioblastoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 1","pages":"70-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Diagnostics of Glial Brain Tumors: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"G V Danilov, S B Agrba, Yu V Strunina, A M Shevchenko, T A Konakova, S V Shugay, A I Batalov, I N Pronin","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.6.07","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.6.07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glial tumors are the most common neuroepithelial neoplasms of the brain. Consequently, investigating robust, non-invasive techniques for subtyping these tumors - specifically through advanced multimodal neuroimaging and radiomics - is warranted. The present systematic review of scientific literature, including meta-analysis, was conducted to specify the major challenges of radiomics and machine learning in diagnostics of glial tumors based on the MRI data as well as to assess the quality of such non-invasive diagnostics. We analyzed 42 publications utilizing radiomics and machine learning to predict molecular biomarker status in glial tumors based on MRI data. The analysis covered mutations in the <i>IDH</i>, <i>ATRX</i>, <i>BRAF</i>, and <i>H3K27M</i> genes, as well as <i>TERT</i> promoter mutations, 1p/19q codeletion, MGMT promoter methylation, and proliferative activity (Ki-67 labeling index). The overall accuracy of these techniques was high and equaled 0.86 [0.83; 0.89]. At the same time, the studies demonstrated significant methodological heterogeneity, in particular, related to the lack of uniform standards to select the location, size, and shape of the area of interest for obtaining radiomic features. This greatly hinders reproduction of the experimental results in clinical practice. Therefore, standardization of radiomics procedures remains relevant for further research of glial tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 6","pages":"69-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12892850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Segmentation of 3D OCT Images of Human Skin Using Neural Networks with U-Net Architecture.","authors":"V A Shishkova, N V Gromov, A M Mironycheva, M Yu Kirillin","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.01","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of the study</b> is a comparative analysis of algorithms for segmentation of three-dimensional OCT images of human skin using neural networks based on U-Net architecture when training the model on two-dimensional and three-dimensional data.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Two U-Net-based network architectures for segmentation of 3D OCT skin images are proposed in this work, in which 2D and 3D blocks of 3D images serve as input data. Training was performed on thick skin OCT images acquired from 7 healthy volunteers. For training, the OCT images were semi-automatically segmented by experts in OCT and dermatology. The Sørensen-Dice coefficient, which was calculated from the segmentation results of images that did not participate in the training of the networks, was used to assess the quality of segmentation. Additional testing of the networks' capabilities in determining skin layer thicknesses was performed on an independent dataset from 8 healthy volunteers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In evaluating the segmentation quality, the values of the Sørensen-Dice coefficient for the upper stratum corneum, ordered stratum corneum, epidermal cellular layer, and dermis were 0.90, 0.94, 0.89, and 0.99, respectively, for training on two-dimensional data and 0.89, 0.94, 0.87, and 0.98 for training on three-dimensional data. The values obtained for the dermis are in good agreement with the results of other works using networks based on the U-Net architecture. The thicknesses of the ordered stratum corneum and epidermal cellular layer were 153±24 and 137±17 μm, respectively, when the network was trained on two-dimensional data and 163±19 and 137±20 μm when trained on three-dimensional data.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Neural networks based on U-Net architecture allow segmentation of skin layers on OCT images with high accuracy, which makes these networks promising for obtaining valuable diagnostic information in dermatology and cosmetology, e.g., for estimating the thickness of skin layers.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 1","pages":"6-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Criteria for Vaginal Atrophic Changes in Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause Using Optical Coherence Tomography.","authors":"L Z Sirotina, A L Potapov, M M Loginova, L V Shkalova, A D Varnavskaya, K V Kazakova, A A Chaikin, D A Bolshakova, M A Sirotkina, T M Motovilova, N D Gladkova","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.2.03","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;The aim of the study&lt;/b&gt; is to determine the criteria for vaginal atrophy in genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GUSM) and the age norm by comparing optical coherence tomography (OCT) data and histological findings of biopsy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The study involved 25 patients with clinical presentation of GUMS and 3 virtually healthy women (mean age - 56.7±1.4 years). On gynecological examination the patients underwent colpo- and vaginoscopy, their vaginal health index being calculated. OCT study was performed in three anatomical points of the upper vagina and the vaginal vestibule (these regions are rich in estrogen receptors and most frequently affected in GUSM). The biopsy was taken from the right point of the vaginal vestibule followed by a histological examination and PAS reaction to reveal glycogen. The epidermal thickness was quantitatively assessed by OCT and histological images. There were determined the signal levels from the epithelium and the connective tissue, the epithelial stromal stratification being performed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Normal vaginal mucosa in OCT images had stratified structure including the epithelium 503 [467; 550] μm thick, with low intensity of OCT signal and the proper mucous plate with a high OCT signal. As a result of the difference in signal levels from the epithelium and the proper mucous plate, the contrast boundary formed between them. The signal level from the epithelium was 54.1 [51.5; 56.3] RU, and that from the connective tissue - 70.7 [65.9; 73.7] RU. The mucosa had folds, which in OCT images looked like a waveform boundary of the epithelium and the submucosa.Based on vaginal health index values and colpo- and vaginoscopy findings, GUSM patients were divided into 2 groups: patients with mild mucosal atrophy and those with severe mucosal atrophy. The first group of patients was observed to have the reduced epithelial thickness of up to 261 [244; 289] μm; the signal from the epithelium increased due to the decrease in glycogen content, and was 61.6 [55.0; 65.5] RU, and the connective tissue signal was 79.5 [77.2; 79.9] RU. Mucosal folds were not visible. Severe atrophy patients had a significant decrease in the epithelial thickness, up to 158 [143; 191] μm; the signal from the epithelium was 69.7 [67.1; 72.4] RU reducing the boundary contrast of the epithelium and the submucosal base (it can be explained by glycogen absence); the signal from the connective tissue was 90.32 [80.90; 101.60] RU. Mucosal folds were not visible. The stratification index showed no changes due to the fact that the signal intensity in vaginal atrophy increases synchronically from both: the epithelium and the proper plate (stroma). The epidermal thickness measured histologically showed a high coherence level with OCT measurements (r=0.93; p&lt;0.0001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The study determined OCT criteria of the age norm for vaginal mucosa changes and atrophy in mild and","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 2","pages":"24-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Anatomy of the Sheep Heart as a Model for Testing Cardiovascular Devices.","authors":"Y L Rusakova, I Yu Zhuravleva","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.2.02","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;The aim of the study&lt;/b&gt; is to assess the availability of this animal model for preclinical testing of implantable cardiovascular devices by studying numerical anatomical and functional characteristics of the ovine heart and to establish their differences from those of the human heart.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The study was performed on 17 healthy crossbred Romanov sheep weighing 20-29 kg in group 1 (n=7) and 30-43 kg in group 2 (n=10). All animals underwent echocardiography examination on the Philips CX-50 apparatus (revision 3.1.2; Philips, Netherlands) with a sector-phased S5-1 sensor from the right parasternal projection (long and short axis) to determine the heart rate, right ventricular wall thickness in diastole, right and left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions (RV EDD and LV EDD), left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LV ESD), interventricular septum (IVS) thickness in systole and diastole, left ventricular posterior wall thickness in systole and diastole.Functional parameters of the left ventricle (left ventricle end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes (LV ESV and LV EDV), ejection fraction and shortening fraction) were calculated using the modified Simpson method built into the echocardiography software. The diameter of the mitral annulus and the characteristics of the aortic root were also measured: the diameters of the aortic valve, Valsalva sinuses, and sinotubular junction, as well as the height of the aortic root from the fibrous ring to the line of the sinotubular junction. Direct measurements of the ascending aorta and pulmonary artery diameters, intercommissural distances, and the height of the aortic valve leaflets were performed after autopsy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A number of anatomical and functional parameters of the sheep heart such as ejection fraction, myocardium thickness, LV EDD and LV ESD, aorta, and pulmonary artery diameters, have been established to be close to those of the human heart. At the same time, LV EDV and LV ESV of the sheep are significantly lower than in humans, even in relation to the body surface area, and the average mitral valve diameter is larger. Despite the same diameters of the aortic valve, Valsalva sinuses, and sinotubular junction, the structures of the ovine and human aortic roots are different: the sheep root features a smaller height and intercommissural distances of the cusps. In addition, some differences were found in the arrangement of the cusps in relation to the valve axis: the intercommissural distance of the right coronary leaflet was almost 2 times greater than the similar indicator of the left coronary leaflet.Most anatomical and functional parameters have not shown any correlation with the animals' body weight. Only in group 2, a significant positive correlation between body weight and the height of the aortic valve leaflets was found.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The anatomical and functional characteristics of the sheep heart ","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 2","pages":"13-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}