Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine最新文献

{"title":"From Extractive to Inclusive Health Preservation Model.","authors":"N N Karyakin","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.2.01","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nowadays, the healthcare systems of several countries have reached an efficiency threshold, therefore, even increased fundin will not significantly impact life expectancy, particularly in terms of healthy life expectancy. This situation underscores the necessity of complementing national healthcare systems, which focus on early diagnosis and treatment of diseases, with a multi-level primary prevention system that extends beyond the traditional boundaries of healthcare. In this regard, the inclusive model has been proposed, focused on health preservation, in contrast to the extractive model that emphasizes the exploitation of biological organism reserves. This inclusive model is represented as an \"onion bulb\" structure, where each layer consists of a set of interconnected measures within a multi-level policy aimed at strengthening and maintaining the population health.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 2","pages":"5-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern Medical Rehabilitation Methods for Patients with Peripheral Nerve and Brachial Plexus Injuries (Review).","authors":"A N Belova, T S Kalinina, T V Buylova, S V Fomin, A G Polyakova","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.2.08","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.2.08","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peripheral nerve and brachial plexus injuries represent one of the most serious medical challenges due to the high frequency of disabling consequences. Medical rehabilitation for such injuries is critically important as it ensures the most complete functional recovery for patients. <b>The aim of this review</b> is to summarize and interpret the data on medical rehabilitation methods, as well as to assess the effectiveness of rehabilitation strategies and techniques for restoring upper limb functions after peripheral nerve and brachial plexus injuries. Information is provided on the theoretical foundations of functional recovery following peripheral nerve and nerve plexus injuries, as well as on factors that may hinder the full functional recovery of patients. There are discussed rehabilitation strategies and methods aimed at accelerating nerve fiber regeneration, preventing complications, correcting cortical plasticity, restoring patients' functional capabilities, and improving their quality of life. Special attention is given to pain management, electrical stimulation, sensory deficit correction, and physical therapy in the postoperative period. Rehabilitation modalities and the medical rehabilitation duration are highly individualized and depend on numerous factors that determine the rehabilitation interventions direction. However, a significant number of rehabilitation methods have a low evidence base: many scientific studies are based on small samples, do not consider the heterogeneous nature of injuries, and do not evaluate longterm outcomes. Further research is needed to assess the effectiveness of both individual rehabilitation techniques and comprehensive rehabilitation programs that facilitate the recovery of motor activity in patients with peripheral nerve and brachial plexus injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 2","pages":"86-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectroscopic Study of Methylene Blue Interaction with Coenzymes and its Effect on Tumor Metabolism.","authors":"D V Pominova, A V Ryabova, A S Skobeltsin, I V Markova, I D Romanishkin","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.02","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of the investigation</b> is to study the interaction of methylene blue (MB) with NADH, FADH₂ coenzymes and lactate, and to evaluate a long-term effect of its intravenous or oral introduction on tumor metabolism <i>in vivo</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The MB interaction with NADH, FADH₂ coenzymes and lactate was studied using absorption spectrophotometry. A long-term effect of MB on tumor metabolism <i>in vivo</i> was investigated on a mice model of Ehrlich carcinoma. The effect of MB on tumor metabolism <i>in vivo</i> was assessed using time-resolved fluorescence microscopy based on the NADH fluorescence lifetime.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NADH has been established to be the main coenzyme with which MB interacts. The reduction of the lactate quantity is mediated by the shift of tumor metabolism as a result of MB interaction with the NADH. In the experiments <i>in vivo</i>, no noticeable tumor growth rate reduction was observed in the groups with intravenous MB introduction in comparison with the control. In the group receiving MB with drinking water, a decrease of the tumor growth rate, reduction of oxygenation level, and a1/a2 metabolic index were observed, which confirms the shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The possibility of using MB for the tumor metabolism correction and growth rate reduction has been demonstrated, however, the time of therapy and MB concentration should be optimized to obtain more pronounced therapeutic effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 1","pages":"18-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual Brain Tumor Invasion Mapping Based on Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging.","authors":"E L Pogosbekyan, N E Zakharova, A I Batalov, A M Shevchenko, L M Fadeeva, A E Bykanov, A N Tyurina, I V Chekhonin, S A Galstyan, D I Pitskhelauri, I N Pronin, D Yu Usachev","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.08","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of the investigation</b> is to develop and implement an algorithm for image analysis in brain tumors (glioblastoma and metastasis) based on diffusion kurtosis MRI images (DKI) for the assessment of anisotropic changes in brain tissues in the directions from the tumor to the intact (as shown by the standard MRI data) white matter, which will enable generating individual tumor invasion maps.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A healthy volunteer and two patients (one with glioblastoma and the other with a single metastasis of small cell lung cancer) were examined by DKI obtaining 12 parametric kurtosis maps for each participant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the investigation, we have developed an algorithm of DKI analysis and plotting the profile of tissue parameters in the direction from the tumor towards the unaffected white matter according to the data of standard MRI. Changes of the DKI indicators along the trajectories built using the proposed algorithm in the perifocal zone of glioblastoma and metastasis have been compared in this work. We obtained not only changes in the parameters (gradients in trajectory plots) but also a visual reflection (on color maps) of a known pathomorphology of the process - no significant gradients of DKI parameters were detected in the perifocal metastasis edema, since there was a pure vasogenic edema and no infiltrative component. In glioblastoma, gradients of DKI parameters were found not only in the zone of perifocal edema but beyond the zone of MR signal as well, which is believed to reflect diffusion disorders along the white matter fibers and different degrees of brain tissue infiltration by glioblastoma cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed algorithm of DKI analysis in brain tumors makes it possible to determine the degree of changes in the tissue microstructure in the perifocal zone of brain glioblastoma relative to the metastasis. The study aimed at obtaining individual maps of tumor invasion, which will be applied in planning neurosurgical and radiation treatment and for predicting directions of further growth of malignant gliomas.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 1","pages":"81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning Efficiency in Predicting Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome in the First Hours of Admission.","authors":"M M Tsivanyuk, K I Shakhgeldyan, M A Markov, V G Shirobokov, B I Geltser","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.3.05","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.3.05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of the study</b> was to assess the accuracy of prognostic models for obstructive coronary artery disease (OCAD) in the first hours of admission in patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study involved 610 patients with low- and intermediate-risk NSTE-ACS (Me - 62 years). Based on invasive coronary angiography findings the patients were divided into 2 groups: the first - 363 (59.5%) patients with OCAD (coronary artery luminal occlusion ≥50%), the second - 247 (40.5%) patients without coronary obstruction (<50%). Clinical and functional status was assessed using 62 parameters available at the early hospitalization including: clinical and demographic, anthropometric, laboratory, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic data.OCAD predictive models were developed using machine learning methods: multifactorial logistic regression, random forest, and stochastic gradient boosting (SGB). The models contained the sets of predictors identified during the initial medical examination in the hospital (the first scenario), after 1-hour observation (the second scenario), and 3 h later (the third scenario). The quality of the models was assessed using six metrics. The impact degree of individual predictors on the study endpoint was determined by the Shapley method of additive explanation (SHAP). OCAD probability stratification was performed by distinguishing the categories of low, medium, high and very high risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on machine learning methods, OCAD predictive models were developed, among which the best quality metrics were demonstrated by SGB models with the sets of predictors corresponding to three prognostic scenarios (the area under ROC curve: 0.846, 0.887, and 0.949, respectively). Using the SHAP method, we identified the factors with a dominant impact on OCAD, which included the anthropometric indicators (waist circumference, hip circumference, and their ratio) - in the first and second prognostic scenarios; and global longitudinal systolic strain of the left ventricle - in the third scenario. Based on SGB model data there were distinguished the categories of low, medium, high and very high risk of OCAD, their digital ranges depended on the prognostic scenarios.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prognostic OCAD models developed based on SGB enable to highly accurately assess the degree of coronary damage in NSTE-ACS patients in the first hours of hospitalization. The highest accuracy of OCAD prediction was demonstrated by the models of the third scenario, the structure of which, in addition to anamnestic, anthropometric and ECG data, included clinical and biochemical blood parameters and echocardiographic indicators. Thus, OCAD risk stratification using the mentioned models can be a useful tool in selecting the optimal myocardial revascularization strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 3","pages":"50-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern Technologies in <i>Demodex</i> Blepharitis Diagnosis and Therapy (Review).","authors":"G S Igonin, S N Svetozarskiy, I G Smetankin","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.3.06","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.3.06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blepharitis associated with <i>Demodex</i> infestation is a widespread condition, its complications include eyelid margin deformities, corneal erosions, and ulcers. The review considers the epidemiological and pathogenetic aspects, along with new trends in <i>Demodex</i> blepharitis diagnosis and treatment, and represents the comparative characteristics of current diagnostic modalities, including traditional light microscopy, lateral eyelash retraction and rotation, as well as intravital imaging technologies, such as confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography. Improving imaging techniques using machine learning was found to enable to improve early diagnosis availability and provide early initiation of etiotropic therapy. The review analyzes the preparations for conservative treatment of <i>Demodex</i> blepharitis,representing them with regard to the specificity of pharmacological effects and systemic safety, special attention being given to the problems of toxicity and shelf-life expectancy of drugs. Combination drugs and different laser exposure effects on <i>Demodex</i> mites and eyelid margin structures were stated to be prospective and understudied treatment approaches. We demonstrated the heterogeneity of approaches to efficacy assessment of diagnostic and therapeutic methods that makes actual the necessity of developing a standardized scale of <i>Demodex</i> blepharitis severity; the scale reflecting both clinical characteristics and instrumental findings. The authors concluded that the development of noninvasive imaging techniques and the shortest and safest therapeutic algorithms would enable to switch over to a whole new level of therapy efficacy for patients with <i>Demodex</i> blepharitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 3","pages":"62-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of Ferroptosis in Human Macrophage by Nitric Oxide Donors.","authors":"I I Vlasova, M D Yurkanova, A A Zolotopup, T O Klyucherev, P S Timashev","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.3.04","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ferroptosis is a programmed form of cell death in which iron-dependent lipid peroxidation is the main feature. Macrophages are the major cells of the immune system, they function in a pro-oxidative environment, so the study of their susceptibility to ferroptosis and the search for approaches to its regulation are important. <b>The aim of the study</b> was to investigate ferroptosis in macrophages differentiated from THP-1 myeloid leukemia cells and to compare the effect of NO donors with different half-lives on the degree of ferroptosis development.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>RSL3 and ML-162, inhibitors of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and erastin, an inhibitor of cystine/ glutamate transport, were used to induce ferroptosis in THP-1 macrophages. The progression of ferroptosis was monitored using three independent methods: reduction of Alamar blue by live cells, measurement of lactate dehydrogenase in the medium, and the LIVE/DEAD assay. Ferroptotic cell death was proven by using the specific inhibitor ferrostatin-1 and by detecting lipid oxidation in cells using the BODIPY 581/591 C11 fluorescent probe.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RSL3 and ML-162 dose-dependently induced ferroptosis in cells. THP-1 macrophage ferroptosis is a slow process and begins ~5 h after inducer addition. Erastin was a weak ferroptosis inducer; however, it enhanced ferroptosis induced by GPX4 inhibitors. We compared the ability of two NO donors with different half-lives to affect THP-1 macrophage ferroptosis: DEA NONOate (2 min) and DTPA NONOate (3 h). Donors were added either once after the inducer at a concentration of 100-120 μM or repeatedly until reaching the final concentration. DEA had no effect on THP-1 macrophage ferroptosis, whereas DPTA completely inhibited ferroptosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DTPA, being an NO donor with a half-life of 3 h at 37°С, can be used to inhibit ferroptosis in THP-1 macrophages, which develops within 17-19 h. Therefore, there are mechanisms of prolongation of NO action in cells that should be studied to use NO donors for regulation of cellular ferroptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 3","pages":"41-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory Markers of Impaired Erythropoiesis in Early Diagnosis of Perioperative Anemias.","authors":"N B Teryaeva, O K Kvan, Yu V Strunina, A S Kulikov","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.2.05","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of the study</b> was to assess the diagnostic value of laboratory indicators of hemoglobin content in reticulocytes for the early detection of predisposition for perioperative anemia in patients with total hemoglobin within the reference range.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Observational retrospective single-center continuous cross-sectional study has been carried out to determine the need for transfusion of erythrocyte-containing components (ECC) depending on the values of reticulocyte hemoglobin (Ret-He) and delta-hemoglobin (Delta-He) in patients with unchanged (within the reference range) values of the total hemoglobin. The groups of comparison were formed using the diagnostic Hema-Plot algorithm, under which Ret-He and Delta-He values deviate from the reference range towards greater or smaller magnitudes in various types of anemia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Deviations from the reference intervals of Ret-He and Delta-He values were observed in 26% of patients not formally meeting the WHO criteria for anemia on admission. Indications for ECC transfusion therapy were more likely to occur in patients who had changes in Ret-He and Delta-He corresponding to the signs of anemias of different genesis according to the Hema-Plot algorithm.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Ret-He and Delta-He values in patients with unchanged hemoglobin allow for making a decision on the need for ECC transfusion therapy in the postoperative period.The differences between the groups formed on the basis of Ret-He and Delta-He deviations from the reference values are in line with the diagnostic signs of anemias of various origins. They also allow one to discuss the variants of impaired erythropoiesis at the very early stages of the disorder and the risk of anemia development in patients with formally unchanged total hemoglobin levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 2","pages":"48-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Brain Cells in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Raman Microspectroscopy and Scanning Ion-Conductance Microscopy.","authors":"K I Morozova, E Yu Parshina, T A Kazakova, A I Yusipovich, O V Slatinskaya, A R Brazhe, I A Grivennikov, N A Brazhe, G V Maksimov","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.03","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of the study</b> was to identify differences in the structure of the neuronal process network as well as the composition and functional state of cells by studying the bodies and processes of rat brain neurons and astrocytes obtained from pluripotent stem cells of healthy donors and patients with hereditary Parkinson's disease by using a complex of modern high-precision methods such as Raman microspectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman microspectroscopy, and scanning ion-conductance microscopy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>By using Raman spectroscopy and scanning ion-conductance microscopy, the researchers studied the morphology and state of molecules in rat brain neurons and astrocytes induced from pluripotent stem cells of healthy donors and patients with hereditary Parkinson's disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The researchers established that typical bands of Raman and surface-enhanced Raman spectra of neurons and astrocytes allowed studying the distribution and conformation of a series of biological molecules (proteins, lipids, cytochromes) in healthy and unhealthy states. It was shown that in Parkinson's disease, there was a decrease in the protein content and an increase in the proportion of reduced cytochromes in the respiratory chain of astrocyte mitochondria. When comparing the morphology of astrocyte bodies and processes, it was established that the height and cross-sectional area of astrocyte processes obtained from cells of patients with hereditary Parkinson's disease were significantly greater than in healthy patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed approach to recording the distribution and conformation of molecules in neurons and astrocytes, as well as to studying the morphology of astrocyte processes allows diagnosing the functional state of cells and investigating the mechanism of the Parkinson's disease pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 1","pages":"27-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Minor Chromophores in Biological Tissues by Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy (Review).","authors":"K A Bylinskaya, V V Perekatova, I V Turchin","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.12","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) is a rapidly advancing non-invasive diagnostic technique to investigate biological tissue, based on probing the target object with optical radiation in the visible and/or near-infrared wavelength range and detecting the diffusely scattered light from the tissue. The signals obtained through DOS provide extensive information about the biochemical composition of tissues due to the presence of light-absorbing compounds known as chromophores. To date, DOS is widely employed to detect major chromophores such as deoxygenated (Hb) and oxygenated (HbO₂) hemoglobin, water, lipids, and melanin. The concentrations of Hb and HbO₂ in biological tissues are highly significant in clinical research, as they offer valuable insights into tissue oxygenation status and enable the detection of hypoxia. However, biological tissues also contain less-studied chromophores - minor chromophores - which also contribute to the overall absorption spectrum. These include various globins, such as methemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, and myoglobin, as well as cytochromes and cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase. Identifying minor chromophores using DOS is challenging due to their relatively low absorption contributions compared to major chromophores, as well as the limited understanding of their specific absorption spectra. Nevertheless, the simultaneous detection of both major and minor chromophores could provide a comprehensive understanding of metabolic processes within vascular, intracellular, and mitochondrial compartments of tissues. This would substantially expand the potential applications of DOS in both research and clinical studies. In this review we examine literature sources that explore the investigation of minor chromophores in biological tissues by DOS, discuss the role of major chromophores, and evaluate the potential for simultaneous detection of both major and minor chromophores with DOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 1","pages":"146-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}