Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine最新文献

{"title":"Prediction of Hospital Mortality in Patients with ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Evolution of Risk Measurement Techniques and Assessment of Their Effectiveness (Review).","authors":"B I Geltser, I G Domzhalov, K I Shakhgeldyan, N S Kuksin, E A Kokarev, R L Pak, V N Kotelnikov","doi":"10.17691/stm2024.16.4.07","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2024.16.4.07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Risk stratification of hospital mortality in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction on the electrocardiogram is an important part of the specialized medical care provision. The systematic review presents scientific literature data characterizing the predictive value of both classical prognostic scales (GRACE, CADDILLAC, TIMI risk score for STEMI, RECORD, etc.) and new risk measurement tools developed on the basis of modern machine learning techniques. Most studies on this issue are often focused on the search for new predictors of adverse events, which allow to detail the relations between indicators of the clinical and functional status of patients and the end point of the study. Here, an important task is to develop hospital mortality prognostic algorithms characterized by explainable artificial intelligence and trusted by doctors.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"16 4","pages":"61-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11773138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Synthesis of Bombesin-Based Radiopharmaceutical Precursors Modified with Knottin.","authors":"E A Beloborodov, E V Iurova, A N Fomin, Yu V Saenko","doi":"10.17691/stm2024.16.2.01","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2024.16.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bombesin receptors on the cell surface are of great interest as a target for targeted cancer therapy. One of the strategies of targeting bombesin receptors involves the use of tropic short peptides. However, the main limitation for the wide application of peptides as drugs is their low stability <i>in vivo</i> due to their sensitivity to extreme conditions of the internal body environment such as temperature and action of enzymes. In our work, a short bombesin peptide, taken as a basis, was modified with a knottin, a toxin with an inhibitor cystine knot, increasing thereby the stability of the short peptide under various conditions. <b>The aim of the investigation</b> is to study the chemical and radiochemical stability of the structure based on the short bombesin peptide and knottin, as well as the ability of the obtained structure to bind to tumor cells.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The work analyzed the chemical and radiochemical stability of the synthesized peptide labeled with a lutetium radioisotope using high-performance liquid chromatography. A fluorescent-labeled peptide, obtained by a solid-phase peptide synthesis, was used to analyze binding to cultures expressing bombesin receptors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis has shown increased chemical and radiochemical stability of the knottin-modified peptide, as compared to the commercial analog, and maintenance of a high ability to bind to receptors on the surface of cancer cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The structure created on the basis of a short bombesin peptide and knottin possesses increased stability and retains the ability to bind to cancer cells. All this allows us to consider the creation of these structures as a strategy for fabricating stabilizing scaffolds for short peptides for a peptide-receptor therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"16 2","pages":"5-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11556054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of DNA Microarray for Parallel Detection of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Bacterial Pathogens.","authors":"N A Sakharnov, E N Filatova, M I Popkova, S L Slavin, O V Utkin","doi":"10.17691/stm2024.16.2.02","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2024.16.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;The aim of the study&lt;/b&gt; was to develop an experimental version of a DNA microarray for parallel detection of community-acquired pneumonia bacterial pathogens.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We studied the samples of the pharyngeal mucosa smears taken from children aged 1-15 years with X-ray confirmed pneumonia. The selection of DNA probes for specific detection of community-acquired pneumonia pathogens (&lt;i&gt;S. pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;H. influenzae&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;M. pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;C. pneumonia&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;L. pneumophila&lt;/i&gt;) and development of the microarray design were carried out using the disprose program. The nucleotide sequences of pathogens were obtained from NCBI Nucleotide database. In the research we used CustomArray microarrays (USA). For a pooled sample containing &lt;i&gt;S. pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;H. influenzae&lt;/i&gt; DNA, we performed a sequential selection of the best combinations of hybridization parameters: DNA fragment size, DNA amount, hybridization temperature. The selection criteria were: the percentage of effective probes with a standardized hybridization signal (SHS) ≥3 &lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt;, and the excess of SHS levels of effective specific probes compared to SHS of effective nonspecific probes. We selected the probes to detect of &lt;i&gt;S. pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;H. influenzae&lt;/i&gt; characterized by an effective hybridization signal under optimal conditions. The developed microarray was tested under the selected conditions on clinical samples containing &lt;i&gt;S. pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;i&gt;H. influenzae&lt;/i&gt; DNA. Using ROC analysis there were established threshold values for the signals of specific probes at optimal sensitivity points and the test specificity, the excess of which was interpreted as the evidence of pathogen presence in a sample.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A microarray design included 142 DNA probes to detect &lt;i&gt;S. pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;H. influenzae&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;M. pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;C. pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;L. pneumophila&lt;/i&gt;, the probes being synthesized onto slides. Using the example of clinical samples containing &lt;i&gt;S. pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; and/or &lt;i&gt;H. influenza&lt;/i&gt; DNA, we selected optimal parameters for DNA hybridization on microarrays, which enabled to identify bacterial pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia with sufficient efficiency, specificity and reproducibility: the amount of hybridized DNA was 2 μg, the DNA fragment size: 300 nt, hybridization temperature: 47°C. There was selected a list of probes for specific detection of &lt;i&gt;S. pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;H. influenzae&lt;/i&gt; characterized by an effective hybridization signal under the identified conditions. We determined the threshold values of standardized probe signals for specific detection of &lt;i&gt;S. pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; (4.5 &lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt;) and &lt;i&gt;H. influenzae&lt;/i&gt; (4.9 &lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt;) in clinical samples.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;A DNA microarray was developed and synthesized for parallel indication of bacterial pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia. There were selected the optim","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"16 2","pages":"16-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11556048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Analytical Modules of the Geographic Information System Software Complex \"Epidemiological Atlas of Russia. Territory of the Federal District\" for Additional Analysis of Epidemiological Processes.","authors":"S A Sarskov, M V Vyushkov, S L Slavin, N N Zaitseva","doi":"10.17691/stm2024.16.6.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17691/stm2024.16.6.02","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;The aim of the study&lt;/b&gt; is to develop additional analytical modules of geoinformation software complex on current infectious and parasitic diseases aimed to improve the quality of epidemiological monitoring and to generate a database on the trends of epidemical process development in the subjects of the Russian Federation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Additional analytical blocks on comparative and dynamic analysis of morbidity by the groups of nosologies were developed using the software meeting the general concept of the software complex (JavaScript, PHP, and others) and integrated into a new version of the Web application \"Epidemiological Atlas of Russia. Territory of the Federal District\". The initial data including information by the groups of diseases were converted into a set of interrelated tables with their further integration into the database of a new version of the Atlas under the control of a free relational MySQL database management system.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The existing classifications of nosologic forms and the search for additional characteristics, potentially forming the groups of nosologies, have been analyzed and the current database of the Epidemiological Atlas has been optimized. The algorithms for obtaining and evaluating epidemiological indicators in the new analytical blocks for estimating cumulative morbidity by the nosologic groups were designed. There were created original analytical modules \"Comparative analysis of morbidity by the groups of nosologies\" and \"Dynamic analysis of morbidity by the groups of nosologies\" for the Web application \"Epidemiological Atlas of Russia. Territory of Federal District\" for the comparative and dynamic morbidity analysis based on the groups of nosologies in the administrative-territorial subject units, in the district subjects, and in the district as a whole, with the possibility of information detailing. The materials based on the database queries contain temporal (calendar month) and spatial detailing (administrative-territory unit of the Russian Federation subject). All materials may be exported as tables, graphs, or maps in various formats (.xls, .pdf, .csv, .png, .jpeg, .svg). Since the databases of the current epidemiological atlases of the Volga Federal District and Russia are universal, the mechanisms of processing tables and queries are identical providing the possibility of using the developed approaches employed in the Epidemiological Atlas of Russia or atlases of other federal districts in case of replicating a new Web application version. New analytical blocks may extend notions on the incidence of current infectious diseases and reveal characteristic regional features, facilitate more exact scientifically grounded proposals for decision-making by the executive authorities and timely taking preventive and anti-epidemic measures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The developed analytical modules integrated into the new version of th","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"16 6","pages":"17-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Satisfactory Surgical Outcome in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (Review).","authors":"A V Stanishevskiy, G V Gavrilov, M N Radkov, B G Adlejba, D V Svistov","doi":"10.17691/stm2024.16.2.07","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2024.16.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus is a widespread neurodegenerative disease of the elderly. If not treated surgically early, it results in a severe decrease in quality of life and disability. According to current clinical Russian and foreign guidelines the candidates for CSF shunting procedures are selected based on the results of invasive tests, though treatment outcomes are not always optimal. At the same time, in the last decade there have been published a number of studies on promising noninvasive diagnosis and prognosis of the surgical treatment of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus based on neuroimaging findings. <b>The aim of the present systematic review</b> is to demonstrate the most promising imaging predictors of satisfactory outcomes of CSF shunting procedures in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus based on published literature data.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"16 2","pages":"68-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11556049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of Skin Burn-Induced Colon Circulatory Disorders Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography and Laser Doppler Flowmetry (Experimental Study).","authors":"M G Ryabkov, P V Peretyagin, S A Shestakova, S S Ptushko, M S Koshmanev, Y L Bederina, A L Potapov, M A Sirotkina, N D Gladkova, E B Kiseleva","doi":"10.17691/stm2024.16.2.05","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2024.16.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The condition of gastrointestinal tract determines in many respects the regenerative capacity and the risk of complications in patients with extensive skin burns. However, the mechanism of developing vascular dysfunction in the colon in the burned individuals has so far been poorly studied. <b>The aim of the investigation</b> is to study intramural circulatory disorders of the colon using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) in different time periods after modeling a thermal burn.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A deep thermal skin burn was induced on the area covering 10% of the body surface of Wistar rats (n=15). The blood flow of the colon wall was continuously monitored for 15 min before and 45 min after the burn using OCTA and LDF. The colon wall was again studied on days 7 and 14 using the same OCTA and LDF techniques. At each time point (45 min, day 7 and 14), 5 animals were withdrawn from the experiment, the colon wall was taken for histological study. The colon wall samples from three control rats without thermal skin burns were also histologically investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 45 min after the induction of the thermal burn, the <i>in vivo</i> OCTA and LDF techniques registered changes in intramural blood flow in the form of dropping of some arterioles and capillaries out of the general blood flow with concurrent activation of vascular shunts as a compensatory mechanism. Histologically, a marked edema of the submucosa, erythrocyte aggregation, and stasis in the capillary network were observed in this period. According to the OCTA and LDF data, the microcirculatory disorders in the colon were partially resolved by day 7, and by day 14 the analyzed indicators returned to the initial level. The data of the histological evaluation have shown that on day 7 after the burn induction, submucosal edema was absent, however, the signs of microcirculatory disorder and inflammatory changes remained. On day 14, the pathological changes in the tissues were not observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The OCTA and LDF methods allowed us to establish experimentally that during the first 45 min thermal burn causes considerable disturbances of the blood flow in the colon wall, which normalizes only by day 14 if no therapy is administered. The obtained data on the mechanism of circulatory disorder development in the colon may become a basis for choosing therapy directed to prevention of intestine dysfunction in people with burns.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"16 2","pages":"47-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11556053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Hydroxyapatite Obtained by Different Techniques: Metabolism and Microarchitecture Characteristics (Review).","authors":"V A Markelov, K V Danilko, V A Solntsev, S V Pyatnitskaya, A R Bilyalov","doi":"10.17691/stm2024.16.6.06","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2024.16.6.06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The literature reports on microarchitecture and metabolism characteristics of synthetic hydroxyapatite obtained by different techniques were analyzed. The direct relation between hydroxyapatite production process and its microarchitecture was stated to exist. In turn, hydroxyapatite microarchitecture largely specifies its metabolism characteristics (a number of processes related to calcium and phosphorus metabolism). Therefore, with reference to the metabolism of synthetic hydroxyapatite with various microarchitectures, we analyzed the relationship of the material under study with the immune system cells. Particular emphasis was given to the relationship of hydroxyapatite characteristics with a recipient's immune system due to the material microarchitecture. The review assessed the possible participation of cell mitochondria in synthetic hydroxyapatite metabolism. There were compared the findings of a recipient's immune system <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> depending on hydroxyapatite nanoscale morphology. The review conclusions emphasized the necessity for further investigations of immunologically mediated metabolism of hydroxyapatite intended for bone implants, including the development of research methods <i>in vitro</i> for deeper understanding of the material properties. There was demonstrated the synthetic hydroxyapatite potential in treating bone defects and specified the significance of <i>in vivo</i> studies to develop bone surgery and reconstructive medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"16 6","pages":"60-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell Model for Testing Pharmaceuticals Targeting Human PD-L1.","authors":"O A Shashkova, L A Terekhina, I S Malakhov, A A Pinevich, N L Vartanyan, K O Avrov, I Yu Krutetskaya, I V Gryazeva, M A Berlina, A Yu Stolbovaya, I V Smirnov, S V Fedorenko, A A Krylova, M A Nadporojskii, S V Shatik, A A Stanzhevskii, M P Samoilovich","doi":"10.17691/stm2024.16.5.01","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2024.16.5.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of this study</b> was to create and evaluate a cell model designed for <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> testing of anti-human PD-L1 therapeutic and diagnostic agents' specificity.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Genetically modified cells expressing human PD-L1 (strain CT26-PD-L1) were obtained by retroviral transduction of murine CT26 carcinoma cells. <i>PD-L1</i> gene activity was assessed by real-time PCR, and PD-L1 expression on cells was identified by flow cytometry. Cells were tested using recombinant single-domain human anti-PD-L1 antibodies (nanoantibodies) conjugated with radioisotopes ⁶⁸Ga or ¹⁷⁷Lu. Immunoreactive fraction and cell internalization of the radioconjugates were evaluated <i>in vitro.</i> For <i>in vivo</i> experiments CT26-PD-L1 cells were transplanted into mice, radioimmunoconjugates were injected 9-14 days later, in 1-48 h the tumors were retrieved and subjected to direct radiometry. Intact CT26 cells not expressing the antigen served as a control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CT26-PD-L1 strain of murine tumor cells expressing human membrane PD-L1 was created. When transplanted into intact BALB/c mice or sublethally irradiated F1(DBA×BALB/c) mice, these cells formed tumors. Thus, a significant advantage of the model was the possibility of <i>in vivo</i> testing of human PD-L1-affinity agents using animals under conventional vivarium conditions. When radioimmunoconjugates were administered to tumor bearing mice, radionuclides accumulated in tumors generated from the transplanted CT26-PD-L1 cells, but not CT26 cells. CT26-PD-L1 cells internalized anti-PD-L1 nanobodies <i>in vitro.</i> Due to a high density of target molecules, CT26-PD-L1 cells allowed both to confirm pharmaceuticals' specificity and to quantify the target-binding fraction of conjugates in a single test.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The created cells are the first genetically engineered cells designed to evaluate affinity of anti-human PD-L1 therapeutic and diagnostic agents in Russia. Test results confirmed the model suitability for <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> testing of the specificity of pharmaceuticals targeting human PD-L1.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"16 5","pages":"5-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Method for Assessing Working Memory in Rats Using Controlled Virtual Environment.","authors":"A V Lebedeva, S A Gerasimova, M I Yashanova, A V Naumov, A A Ivanov, D A Karchkov, O V Martynova, A E Malkov, T A Levanova, A N Pisarchik","doi":"10.17691/stm2024.16.3.02","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2024.16.3.02","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;The aim of the study&lt;/b&gt; is to develop an experimental method to effectively assess the working memory in rats. The method uses a state-of-the-art controlled virtual environment with a virtual maze. The setup includes a treadmill for rodents, a fixation system, a dome for displaying virtual environment, and a control unit.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;b&gt;Biological part of the investigation:&lt;/b&gt; In our study, young healthy Wistar rats aged 6-7 months were used. The initial stage involved habituating the experimental animals to the experimenter over a period of two weeks. The habituation process was conducted in several successive steps. First, the rats were acclimated to wearing a jacket, which is part of the apparatus that holds the animal in the experimental setup. Next, they were familiarized with the fixation system. Following this, the rats were introduced to the treadmill (a sphere), and finally, they were acclimated to the entire setup. Subsequently, the rats were gradually habituated to the virtual maze and the associated reward system through positive reinforcement. This approach helped minimize stress and facilitated their adaptation to the new conditions. The second stage involved exploring the virtual space and learning the features of the virtual maze, including walls, turns, and the end goal. During the learning phase, the animals received positive reinforcement in the form of sugared water from the automatic water dispenser for correctly performed tasks. To navigate the T-maze, the rats used visual cues such as wall color and figures on the wall. At this stage, the rats learned to use virtual space to achieve their goals. Once the rats showed evident progress in learning the virtual environment, we implemented a protocol to assess their working memory. This assessment was based on the time it took for the rats to find the maze arm that provided positive reinforcement.&lt;b&gt;Engineering part of the investigation:&lt;/b&gt; The animal is positioned on a foam plastic sphere with a 30 cm radius, using a custom device that allows its head and paws to remain mobile. Bearing fix the sphere in place, enabling the rat to rotate freely around its vertical axis. The rat's forward and backward movements cause the sphere to rotate, simulating a treadmill. The sphere's movements are detected by two infrared sensors (adapted from optical LED mice with USB interfaces) and transmitted to a computer, which generates an image of the virtual environment - a maze with landmarks on its walls. The virtual environment, created using the Unity Real-Time 3D Development Platform, is projected onto a custom-designed dome display containing the sphere and the lab rat. The setup provided the rat with a 360° field of view.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;In our study, we present a setup that includes a projector, a dome display, a sphere (treadmill), a virtual T-maze, motion capture sensors, systems for securing animals to the sphere, and posi","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"16 3","pages":"12-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11618531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142804409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Accuracy of Spatial Object Localization by Means of Mono and Stereo Modes of Visual-to-Auditory Sensory Substitution in People with Visual Impairments (a Pilot Study).","authors":"A S Butorova, E A Koryukin, N M Khomenko, A P Sergeev","doi":"10.17691/stm2024.16.4.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17691/stm2024.16.4.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of the study</b> is to assess the accuracy of spatial object localization in mono and stereo modes of visual-to-auditory sensory substitution by means of the developed system tested on persons with normal or corrected-to-normal vision.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A prototype of a visual-to-auditory sensory substitution device based on a video camera with two lenses was prepared. Software to convert the signal from a video camera into an audio signal in mono and stereo modes was developed.To assess the developed system, an experimental study with 30 blindfolded sighted participants was conducted. 15 persons were tested in mono mode, 15 - in stereo mode. All persons were trained to use the visual-to-auditory sensory substitution system. During the experiment, participants were to locate a white plastic cube with dimensions of 4×4×4 cm³ on a working surface. The researcher placed the cube in one of 20 positions on the working surface in a pseudo-random order.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>To assess the accuracy of the cube localization, deviations along the <i>X-</i> and <i>Y</i>-axes and absolute deviations were calculated. The general dynamics of localization accuracy was positive both in mono and stereo modes. Absolute deviation and <i>X</i>-axis deviation were significantly higher in stereo mode; there was no significant difference in <i>Y</i>-axis deviation between modes. On average, participants tended to underestimate the distance to the cube when it was on the left, right, or far side of the working surface, and overestimate the distance to the cube when it was on the near side of the working surface.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tests demonstrated that the accuracy of object localization in stereo mode can be improved by increasing the time for training the participants and by showing them more presentations. The results of the study can be used to develop assistive techniques for people with visual impairments, to manufacture medical equipment, and create brain-computer interfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"16 4","pages":"29-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11773144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}