Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine最新文献

{"title":"Simultaneous Application of Methylene Blue and Chlorin e6 Photosensitizers: Investigation on a Cell Culture.","authors":"A V Ryabova, I D Romanishkin, I V Markova, D V Pominova","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.06","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The application of photosensitizers for inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation in order to temporally decrease oxygen uptake by tumor cells in the course of photodynamic therapy (PDT) evokes growing interest. <b>The aim of the study</b> is to overcome tumor hypoxia for further photodynamic therapy with simultaneous use of type I photosensitizer methylene blue (MB) and type II photosensitizer chlorin e6.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A photodynamic activity of MB and its combined use with chlorin e6 has been studied on the HeLa cell culture, their effect on cell metabolism in their co-accumulation and subsequent irradiation has also been assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MB generates reactive oxygen species in the cells in contrast to chlorin e6, which produces singlet oxygen. Besides, MB is converted to a colorless leucoform at low concentrations in the process of de-oxygenation. Incubation of cells with MB concurrently with chlorin e6 results in its greater fluorescence as compared to the incubation with MB only. MB concentration in the range of 1-10 mg/kg and the laser radiation dose of 60 J/cm² do not cause cell death, probably, due to the MB transition to the photodynamically inactive leucoform. Cell death is observed after PDT in all samples with chlorin e6 and with MB at the 0-20 mg/kg concentration ranges and at 60 J/cm² radiation dose. The phototoxicity of MB together with chlorin e6 is higher than that of chlorin e6 alone. The analysis of metabolic NADH cofactor lifetime after the incubation of the cells with MB and chlorin e6, and after PDT with them has revealed the presence of stress seen as an extension of NADH fluorescence cloud along the metabolic axis. After PDT with low concentrations of MB, the NADH fluorescent cloud on the phasor diagram shifts to the right towards short lifetimes (closer to anaerobic glycolysis along the NADH metabolic trajectory). The PDT with MB and chlorin e6 leads to the shift of the NADH fluorescence cloud on the phasor diagram to the left towards long lifetimes (closer to oxidative phosphorylation along the NADH metabolic trajectory). In this case, the cells die due to necrosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The co-accumulation of MB with chlorin e6 prevents MB reduction to a colorless leucoform, decreasing the oxygen uptake by the cells and making it possible to use simultaneously type I and II photodynamic reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 1","pages":"58-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spheroids from Epithelial and Mesenchymal Cell Phenotypes as Building Blocks in Bioprinting (Review).","authors":"D P Revokatova, P I Koteneva, N V Kosheleva, A I Shpichka, P S Timashev","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.11","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most tissues and organs are based on cells of the epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes. Epithelial cells build protective barriers, have a key role in absorption and secretion, and participate in metabolism. Characterized by high plasticity and ability to migrate, mesenchymal cells ensure structural support, promote tissue restoration and are important for matrix remodeling. Interaction between these two cell types is critical for maintaining the body integrity and functioning. Modern tissue engineering is aimed at creation of artificial tissues and organs that have the required cellular composition, mechanical properties and functional potential for medical usage. One of the most popular methods of tissue engineering is 3D bioprinting, which allows creating complex three-dimensional structures with specified characteristics. Recently, special attention has been paid to bioprinting with spheroids being three-dimensional cellular aggregates that can be used as building blocks for tissue-engineered structures. Due to numerous cell-to-cell contacts and accumulation of extracellular matrix, spheroids ensure conditions allowing to form anatomical tissues and organs. To optimize bioprinting conditions, one shall precisely understand the mechanical properties of spheroids, as they directly affect the ability of cells to migrate and fuse, and thus the rate of construct formation and its overall morphology. This review summarizes the available data on the differences in mechanical properties of epithelial and mesenchymal spheroids, examines methods for their co-culturing in various applications of regenerative medicine, as well as analyzes the peculiarities of their use in different bioprinting methods to obtain high-quality tissue constructs.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 1","pages":"133-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytoprotective Action of Sodium Fumarate in an <i>in vitro</i> Model of Hypoxia Using Sodium Dithionite.","authors":"A Yu Vinokurov, S V Popov, D Yu Belyakov, D Yu Popov, A S Nikulin, V D Zakrzhevskaya, R G Guseinov, K V Sivak, A V Dunaev, E V Potapova, A Yu Abramov","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.09","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.09","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypoxia is a part of many pathological and some physiological processes. It also occurs as a result of surgical techniques associated with limiting the blood supply to the operated organs and tissues. Hypoxia leads to a significant decrease in the ability of cells to implement energy-dependent processes due to a reduced contribution of mitochondria to the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In order to protect cells and increase the time of surgery, infusion of a solution of sodium fumarate for several days before the surgical procedure is suggested. However, the mechanism of the observed protective effect is still a subject of discussion. <b>The aim of the research was to study</b> the mechanism of the sodium fumarate cytoprotective effect on renal epithelial cells in acute hypoxia modeling <i>in vitro</i> by reducing oxygen in the medium using sodium dithionite.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study was conducted using the MDCK renal epithelial cell line with sodium dithionite at a concentration of 5 mM to create hypoxic conditions. The parameters of cellular metabolism (including the value of mitochondrial membrane potential, the state of mitochondrial NADH and FAD, the content of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ and the pH level in the cytosol, the rate of glucose absorption by cells, and cell death) were assessed by means of confocal and wide-field fluorescence microscopy. The concentration of dissolved oxygen was established using the polarographic method with a Clark electrode.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was demonstrated that the use of sodium dithionite allows modeling acute hypoxia <i>in vitro</i> with a rapid decrease in the oxygen concentration in the cell incubation medium, which resulted in a change in mitochondrial function and the apoptosis progression. At that, sodium fumarate reduces the level of cell death, which is associated not with the restoration of the ATP-producing ability of mitochondria, but rather with an increase in the contribution of alternative sources of high-energy compounds.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>At the cellular level, using an optimized hypoxia model, the study revealed the mechanism of the protective role of sodium fumarate, which explained the antihypoxant effectiveness in assisted ischemia of organs and tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 1","pages":"93-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migration of Regulatory T Cells to the Peritumor Microenvironment of Experimental Glioblastoma.","authors":"E P Yanysheva, P A Melnikov, D A Chudakova, M V Shirmanova, V P Baklaushev, G M Yusubalieva","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.07","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary brain tumor with poor prognosis characterized by resistance to standard treatments and immune evasion. Regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) play a key role in immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment and can be used as targets for malignant gliomas therapy. <b>The aim of the investigation</b> is to study migration of Tregs to the tumor site in the process of dynamic glioblastoma growth on the transgenic C57Bl/6-FoxP3-eGFP mouse line.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study was performed using the C57Bl/6-FoxP3-eGFP mouse strain, which allows for the detection of FoxP3-positive Tregs by fluorescent signal. Orthotopic glioblastomas were implanted by stereotactic injection of fluorescently labeled GL-261-BFP and GL-261-mScarlet tumor cell lines. Intravital confocal microscopy was used to monitor infiltration of the tumor site by immune cells, visualized by intravenous injection of fluorescently labeled antibodies against CD45. The results of intravital microscopy were confirmed by histological and immunohistochemical examination on days 3, 6, 9, 14, and 16 after the implantation. To assess the immunological status, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were isolated from the brain and Tregs were counted using a flow cytometer (immediately after isolation and after cultivation for 2 weeks).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intravital microscopy and brain slice studies have demonstrated infiltration of the glioblastoma site by Tregs, with the proportion of Tregs increasing with tumor progression (the increase in the absolute number of Treg was proportional to the increase in the number of glioma cells). Subsequent co-cultivation of isolated TILs with glioma cells revealed increase of Treg population within 2 weeks from 2.8% to >40%, confirming the activating effect of glioblastoma with respect to Tregs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The dynamics of GL-261 glioma microenvironment infiltration by Tregs has been investigated. The glioblastoma cells were shown to activate Tregs in the peritumor space <i>in vivo</i> and to promote their selective expansion when co-cultured with TILs <i>in vitro</i>. These data can be used for further studies on C57Bl/6-FoxP3-eGFP mice to find approaches to inactivate Tregs in glioblastoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 1","pages":"70-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Segmentation of 3D OCT Images of Human Skin Using Neural Networks with U-Net Architecture.","authors":"V A Shishkova, N V Gromov, A M Mironycheva, M Yu Kirillin","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.01","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of the study</b> is a comparative analysis of algorithms for segmentation of three-dimensional OCT images of human skin using neural networks based on U-Net architecture when training the model on two-dimensional and three-dimensional data.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Two U-Net-based network architectures for segmentation of 3D OCT skin images are proposed in this work, in which 2D and 3D blocks of 3D images serve as input data. Training was performed on thick skin OCT images acquired from 7 healthy volunteers. For training, the OCT images were semi-automatically segmented by experts in OCT and dermatology. The Sørensen-Dice coefficient, which was calculated from the segmentation results of images that did not participate in the training of the networks, was used to assess the quality of segmentation. Additional testing of the networks' capabilities in determining skin layer thicknesses was performed on an independent dataset from 8 healthy volunteers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In evaluating the segmentation quality, the values of the Sørensen-Dice coefficient for the upper stratum corneum, ordered stratum corneum, epidermal cellular layer, and dermis were 0.90, 0.94, 0.89, and 0.99, respectively, for training on two-dimensional data and 0.89, 0.94, 0.87, and 0.98 for training on three-dimensional data. The values obtained for the dermis are in good agreement with the results of other works using networks based on the U-Net architecture. The thicknesses of the ordered stratum corneum and epidermal cellular layer were 153±24 and 137±17 μm, respectively, when the network was trained on two-dimensional data and 163±19 and 137±20 μm when trained on three-dimensional data.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Neural networks based on U-Net architecture allow segmentation of skin layers on OCT images with high accuracy, which makes these networks promising for obtaining valuable diagnostic information in dermatology and cosmetology, e.g., for estimating the thickness of skin layers.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 1","pages":"6-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy Evaluation of \"Enhanced\" Natural Killers with <i>CISH</i> and <i>B2M</i> Knockouts on Viability and Metabolic Status of 3D Glioblastoma Spheroid Cells in Patients.","authors":"D V Yuzhakova, D A Sachkova, M V Shirmanova, V I Shcheslavskiy, A M Mozherov, E B Dashinimaev, V P Baklaushev, G M Yusubalieva","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.10","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the alternative approaches to glioblastoma treatment is cellular immunotherapy based on natural killer cells (NK cells). To enhance their cytotoxic effect on tumor cells, new NK cell lines are being created using genetic engineering techniques. <b>The aim of the study</b> was to evaluate the impact efficacy of \"enhanced\" NK cells on early metabolic rearrangements and the viability of glioblastoma cells in a patient using a tumor spheroid model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study used a primary culture of GBM7-Luc2-mKate2 human glioblastoma, a line of YT (YTwt) wildtype human NK cells, as well as lines created by us with overexpression of VAV1 protein with either <i>CISH</i> (YT-Vav1⁺CISH^-/-) or <i>B2M</i> (YT-Vav1⁺B2M^-/-) knockouts. Tumor spheroids were produced in round-bottomed, low-adhesive plates. 100 thousand immune cells were added to each spheroid, and spheroids viability was evaluated at several time points applying fluorescence staining using a live/dead cell viability assay kit; autofluorescence of metabolic coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate), or NAD(P)H, was visualized in spheroids using an LSM 880 laser scanning microscope (Carl Zeiss, Germany) with a FLIM module (Becker & Hickl GmbH, Germany).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was found that autofluorescence attenuation parameters of NAD(P)H coenzyme in human glioblastoma cells change significantly when exposed to both YT-Vav1⁺CISH^-/- and YT-Vav1⁺B2M^-/-, indicating occurrence of an early metabolic shift in tumor cells towards a less aggressive oxidative phenotype, and this is consistent with dead cells fraction increase and living cells fraction decrease in spheroid composition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The data obtained on enhanced cytotoxic activity of new modified NK cell lines against human glioblastoma spheroids are important to understand interaction mechanisms between tumor and immune cells and the development of glioblastoma adoptive cell therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 1","pages":"109-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual Brain Tumor Invasion Mapping Based on Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging.","authors":"E L Pogosbekyan, N E Zakharova, A I Batalov, A M Shevchenko, L M Fadeeva, A E Bykanov, A N Tyurina, I V Chekhonin, S A Galstyan, D I Pitskhelauri, I N Pronin, D Yu Usachev","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.08","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of the investigation</b> is to develop and implement an algorithm for image analysis in brain tumors (glioblastoma and metastasis) based on diffusion kurtosis MRI images (DKI) for the assessment of anisotropic changes in brain tissues in the directions from the tumor to the intact (as shown by the standard MRI data) white matter, which will enable generating individual tumor invasion maps.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A healthy volunteer and two patients (one with glioblastoma and the other with a single metastasis of small cell lung cancer) were examined by DKI obtaining 12 parametric kurtosis maps for each participant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the investigation, we have developed an algorithm of DKI analysis and plotting the profile of tissue parameters in the direction from the tumor towards the unaffected white matter according to the data of standard MRI. Changes of the DKI indicators along the trajectories built using the proposed algorithm in the perifocal zone of glioblastoma and metastasis have been compared in this work. We obtained not only changes in the parameters (gradients in trajectory plots) but also a visual reflection (on color maps) of a known pathomorphology of the process - no significant gradients of DKI parameters were detected in the perifocal metastasis edema, since there was a pure vasogenic edema and no infiltrative component. In glioblastoma, gradients of DKI parameters were found not only in the zone of perifocal edema but beyond the zone of MR signal as well, which is believed to reflect diffusion disorders along the white matter fibers and different degrees of brain tissue infiltration by glioblastoma cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed algorithm of DKI analysis in brain tumors makes it possible to determine the degree of changes in the tissue microstructure in the perifocal zone of brain glioblastoma relative to the metastasis. The study aimed at obtaining individual maps of tumor invasion, which will be applied in planning neurosurgical and radiation treatment and for predicting directions of further growth of malignant gliomas.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 1","pages":"81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectroscopic Study of Methylene Blue Interaction with Coenzymes and its Effect on Tumor Metabolism.","authors":"D V Pominova, A V Ryabova, A S Skobeltsin, I V Markova, I D Romanishkin","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.02","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of the investigation</b> is to study the interaction of methylene blue (MB) with NADH, FADH₂ coenzymes and lactate, and to evaluate a long-term effect of its intravenous or oral introduction on tumor metabolism <i>in vivo</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The MB interaction with NADH, FADH₂ coenzymes and lactate was studied using absorption spectrophotometry. A long-term effect of MB on tumor metabolism <i>in vivo</i> was investigated on a mice model of Ehrlich carcinoma. The effect of MB on tumor metabolism <i>in vivo</i> was assessed using time-resolved fluorescence microscopy based on the NADH fluorescence lifetime.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NADH has been established to be the main coenzyme with which MB interacts. The reduction of the lactate quantity is mediated by the shift of tumor metabolism as a result of MB interaction with the NADH. In the experiments <i>in vivo</i>, no noticeable tumor growth rate reduction was observed in the groups with intravenous MB introduction in comparison with the control. In the group receiving MB with drinking water, a decrease of the tumor growth rate, reduction of oxygenation level, and a1/a2 metabolic index were observed, which confirms the shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The possibility of using MB for the tumor metabolism correction and growth rate reduction has been demonstrated, however, the time of therapy and MB concentration should be optimized to obtain more pronounced therapeutic effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 1","pages":"18-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Brain Cells in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Raman Microspectroscopy and Scanning Ion-Conductance Microscopy.","authors":"K I Morozova, E Yu Parshina, T A Kazakova, A I Yusipovich, O V Slatinskaya, A R Brazhe, I A Grivennikov, N A Brazhe, G V Maksimov","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.03","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>The aim of the study</b> was to identify differences in the structure of the neuronal process network as well as the composition and functional state of cells by studying the bodies and processes of rat brain neurons and astrocytes obtained from pluripotent stem cells of healthy donors and patients with hereditary Parkinson's disease by using a complex of modern high-precision methods such as Raman microspectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman microspectroscopy, and scanning ion-conductance microscopy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>By using Raman spectroscopy and scanning ion-conductance microscopy, the researchers studied the morphology and state of molecules in rat brain neurons and astrocytes induced from pluripotent stem cells of healthy donors and patients with hereditary Parkinson's disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The researchers established that typical bands of Raman and surface-enhanced Raman spectra of neurons and astrocytes allowed studying the distribution and conformation of a series of biological molecules (proteins, lipids, cytochromes) in healthy and unhealthy states. It was shown that in Parkinson's disease, there was a decrease in the protein content and an increase in the proportion of reduced cytochromes in the respiratory chain of astrocyte mitochondria. When comparing the morphology of astrocyte bodies and processes, it was established that the height and cross-sectional area of astrocyte processes obtained from cells of patients with hereditary Parkinson's disease were significantly greater than in healthy patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed approach to recording the distribution and conformation of molecules in neurons and astrocytes, as well as to studying the morphology of astrocyte processes allows diagnosing the functional state of cells and investigating the mechanism of the Parkinson's disease pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 1","pages":"27-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Minor Chromophores in Biological Tissues by Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy (Review).","authors":"K A Bylinskaya, V V Perekatova, I V Turchin","doi":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.12","DOIUrl":"10.17691/stm2025.17.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) is a rapidly advancing non-invasive diagnostic technique to investigate biological tissue, based on probing the target object with optical radiation in the visible and/or near-infrared wavelength range and detecting the diffusely scattered light from the tissue. The signals obtained through DOS provide extensive information about the biochemical composition of tissues due to the presence of light-absorbing compounds known as chromophores. To date, DOS is widely employed to detect major chromophores such as deoxygenated (Hb) and oxygenated (HbO₂) hemoglobin, water, lipids, and melanin. The concentrations of Hb and HbO₂ in biological tissues are highly significant in clinical research, as they offer valuable insights into tissue oxygenation status and enable the detection of hypoxia. However, biological tissues also contain less-studied chromophores - minor chromophores - which also contribute to the overall absorption spectrum. These include various globins, such as methemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, and myoglobin, as well as cytochromes and cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase. Identifying minor chromophores using DOS is challenging due to their relatively low absorption contributions compared to major chromophores, as well as the limited understanding of their specific absorption spectra. Nevertheless, the simultaneous detection of both major and minor chromophores could provide a comprehensive understanding of metabolic processes within vascular, intracellular, and mitochondrial compartments of tissues. This would substantially expand the potential applications of DOS in both research and clinical studies. In this review we examine literature sources that explore the investigation of minor chromophores in biological tissues by DOS, discuss the role of major chromophores, and evaluate the potential for simultaneous detection of both major and minor chromophores with DOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":520289,"journal":{"name":"Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine","volume":"17 1","pages":"146-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}