History of Psychology最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Learning from students: An inquiry into Charles Spearman's research agenda. 向学生学习:探究查尔斯·斯皮尔曼的研究议程。
IF 0.8 4区 心理学
History of Psychology Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1037/hop0000286
Chabrian Tanguay, A Alexander Beaujean
{"title":"Learning from students: An inquiry into Charles Spearman's research agenda.","authors":"Chabrian Tanguay, A Alexander Beaujean","doi":"10.1037/hop0000286","DOIUrl":"10.1037/hop0000286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Charles Spearman is somewhat of an enigmatic figure in psychology's history. While most historians of psychology agree that he made notable contributions, there is no consensus about the research agenda from which his contributions originated. Since typical methods for studying a researcher's agenda provide relatively limited information in the case of Spearman, we approached the problem differently. Under the reasoned assumption that the student research projects he guided would manifest his agenda, we examined the content of those projects. What emerged from our inquiry is a research agenda that appears broader and more complex than what is often presented in modern history of psychology texts. We discuss some implications of our findings as well as some possible future directions for historical inquiry into Spearman. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":51852,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145935237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
"What does the princess want?" Misogyny, Marie Bonaparte's "carnal community," and the pursuit of a scientific understanding of female pleasure. “公主想要什么?”厌女症,玛丽·波拿巴的“肉欲共同体”,以及对女性快感的科学理解的追求。
IF 0.8 4区 心理学
History of Psychology Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1037/hop0000278
Rémy Amouroux, Alix Vogel, Aude Fauvel
{"title":"\"What does the princess want?\" Misogyny, Marie Bonaparte's \"carnal community,\" and the pursuit of a scientific understanding of female pleasure.","authors":"Rémy Amouroux, Alix Vogel, Aude Fauvel","doi":"10.1037/hop0000278","DOIUrl":"10.1037/hop0000278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 1924, Marie Bonaparte, who would later become a prominent French psychoanalyst, conducted one of the first scientific surveys of female sexual pleasure. In contemporary discourse, her work on women's sexuality is characterized as an obsession, attributed to her allegedly frigid nature. This article draws on recently released archival materials from the Library of Congress in Washington, DC, to replace Bonaparte in the history of sexology and women's struggles to make their voices heard in academic circles. Faced with misogyny and sometimes harassment, she was forced to bypass the male physician and create a \"carnal network\" through which she persuaded other women to be intimately measured and interrogated to understand the nature of female pleasure. Going back to the roots of Freud's famous question, \"What does woman want?\" and examining Bonaparte's quest for sexual freedom and her complex relationship with her famous analyst, we argue that Freud was not truly asking a question about femininity but rather warning his student about the restrictions women should place on themselves in the society. Overall, we suggest that Bonaparte's theses can be better understood through the conceptual framework of \"situated knowledges\" as articulated by Donna Haraway. Indeed, it is from her and other women's bodies that she produced a knowledge that competed with the dominating male gaze on women's bodies. Far from being the product of a frigid neurotic or a Freudian zealot, Bonaparte's work was an early manifestation of the collective empowerment of women in society throughout the 20th century. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":51852,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"277-297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
"Subtleties of damage": Montréal, medicine, and migration in the making of intergenerational trauma. “伤害的微妙之处”:蒙特里萨,医学和移民在代际创伤的形成。
IF 0.8 4区 心理学
History of Psychology Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1037/hop0000284
Michael Pettit, Hannie Smolyanitsky
{"title":"\"Subtleties of damage\": Montréal, medicine, and migration in the making of intergenerational trauma.","authors":"Michael Pettit, Hannie Smolyanitsky","doi":"10.1037/hop0000284","DOIUrl":"10.1037/hop0000284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In mid-1960s Montréal, a team of psychiatrists affiliated with the city's Jewish General Hospital identified a disturbing trend in their family therapy practice. The children of concentration camp survivors exhibited forms of severe maladjustment and psychopathology despite their parents' seeming good mental health. These clinical cases examined through a cybernetic-informed family therapy suggested to the psychiatrists that certain forms of trauma could be transmitted across the generations to those who had not experienced the camps firsthand. When daily newspapers publicized this theory in 1968, it met with organized opposition from Montréal's community of Holocaust survivors. The public outcry led the main researcher Vivian Rakoff to drop this line of inquiry. The concept of intergenerational trauma only started gaining traction a decade later in the United States through a network of support groups established in major urban centers by the now grown children of the camp survivors. Following the activism of Vietnam veterans, feminists, and their allies in the helping professions, trauma had acquired new cultural legitimacy in 1970s. It could describe social harms while downplaying the sufferer's personal culpability for their maladjustments. Leaders of these new support groups rejected the Montréal psychiatrists' clinical diagnosis while creating horizontally organized therapeutic spaces to talk about this shared trauma in ways that promoted forms of self-discovery and expression. The Montréal psychiatrists both did and did not discover in the 1960s what became known as intergenerational trauma. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":51852,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"247-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145379816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Making safe spaces safer: Political activism, therapeutic culture, and the evolution of feminist consciousness-raising, 1968-1988. 使安全空间更安全:政治激进主义、治疗文化和女权主义意识提升的演变,1968-1988。
IF 0.8 4区 心理学
History of Psychology Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1037/hop0000283
Ulrich Koch
{"title":"Making safe spaces safer: Political activism, therapeutic culture, and the evolution of feminist consciousness-raising, 1968-1988.","authors":"Ulrich Koch","doi":"10.1037/hop0000283","DOIUrl":"10.1037/hop0000283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article explores one of the origins of the notion of \"safe space.\" Its aims are twofold: First, by using the early history of feminist consciousness-raising (CR) as a lens, it draws out consequential shifts in the methods and rationales for creating and maintaining psychologically safe group environments. Second, by doing so, the essay aims to complicate contemporary debates surrounding the use of safe spaces. The rules we today associate with the establishment of such environments (demanding confidentiality, suspension of judgment) were initially prompted by egalitarian concerns about power imbalances within CR groups. As the method circulated beyond circles of radical feminists in the early 1970s, however, its aims and targets changed, letting it converge with self-help and encounter groups. The reform-oriented National Organization for Women both aided in the wider diffusion of CR while also constricting the practice. As the epistemic aims of CR became deemphasized in the process, such groups now more often took on emotional-supportive functions. Safety concerns, in turn, shifted toward protecting participants from the potential psychological harms of group experiences. These psychological safety measures were subsequently adopted by psychologists and educators, whereas in activist circles, in the 1980s, safe spaces, similarly, became places of refuge from external oppression and internal strife. Making safe spaces safer in this way represented a fundamental shift in how psychological safety within group environments was conceived. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":51852,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"312-333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145379840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chester Middlebrook Pierce and the birth of microaggression. 切斯特·米德尔布鲁克·皮尔斯和微侵略的诞生。
IF 0.8 4区 心理学
History of Psychology Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1037/hop0000287
Stéphanie Pache
{"title":"Chester Middlebrook Pierce and the birth of microaggression.","authors":"Stéphanie Pache","doi":"10.1037/hop0000287","DOIUrl":"10.1037/hop0000287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article explores the historical context in which the concept of microaggression was produced and the psychological model that supported it. Microaggression has become a popular term used to describe the stress of minoritized groups beyond the experience of racism. This article presents a genealogical perspective informing the contemporary uses of the term. The concept of \"microaggression\" was developed by Black psychiatrist Chester Middlebrook Pierce (1927-2016), professor of psychiatry and education at Harvard University. Pierce played an important role in conceptualizing the relationships between the mental health of individuals and groups, and their environment. The career and story of Chester M. Pierce bear witness to the construction of the relation between racism and mental health in a therapeutic culture \"in the making.\" Through a selective biographical account of the career and research of Pierce, this article examines what brought him to coin the term microaggression. It also considers the wider context of the political mobilization of behavioral sciences to understand and address social inequalities in the United States. The notion of microaggression was a conceptual tool used by Pierce to describe how racism is perpetuated as a psychological phenomenon and to help develop awareness of the need to propose defensive strategies. The contextualization of Pierce's research and achievements aims therefore to contribute to the history of American \"therapeutic culture\" and the discussion of the role that psychological concepts such as microaggression are assumed to play in the psychologization of power relations and everyday life. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":51852,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychology","volume":"28 4","pages":"298-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Making the interpersonal political: Social therapeutics and psy knowledge. 使人际关系政治化:社会治疗学与心理知识。
IF 0.9 4区 心理学
History of Psychology Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1037/hop0000290
Ulrich Koch, Stéphanie Pache
{"title":"Making the interpersonal political: Social therapeutics and psy knowledge.","authors":"Ulrich Koch, Stéphanie Pache","doi":"10.1037/hop0000290","DOIUrl":"10.1037/hop0000290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This introduction to the special section of History of Psychology argues for the centrality of the interpersonal-as an object of psychological knowledge, a condition of knowledge production, and as a site of social intervention and transformation-in the history of psychotherapy and of the psy sciences more generally. We situate this focus within broader historiographical and sociological debates and feminist historiography. The articles that make up this section revisit episodes where the psychological disciplines were employed to critique, challenge, or otherwise subvert existing power structures and dynamics. They highlight two aspects that have been neglected in the literature: the political projects of psychological practitioners and the ways in which these actors viewed or treated the interpersonal as a site of scalable social interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":51852,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychology","volume":"28 4","pages":"267-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Freud's first article in French in 1893, the year of Charcot's death. 弗洛伊德的第一篇法语文章写于1893年,夏尔科去世那年。
IF 0.8 4区 心理学
History of Psychology Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1037/hop0000288
Emmanuel Drouin, Antoine Dampierre, Marion Hendrickx
{"title":"Freud's first article in French in 1893, the year of Charcot's death.","authors":"Emmanuel Drouin, Antoine Dampierre, Marion Hendrickx","doi":"10.1037/hop0000288","DOIUrl":"10.1037/hop0000288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article examines Sigmund Freud's first publication in French, written in 1893, the year of Jean-Martin Charcot's death. Following his stay at the Salpêtrière (1885-1886), Freud published an article on hysterical paralysis in the Archives of Neurology, appearing alongside Charcot's obituary. This publication marked a pivotal epistemological shift in Freud's intellectual trajectory from neurology to psychoanalysis. Influenced by Charcot's clinical demonstrations, Freud began distancing himself from strictly neurological explanations of hysteria in favor of psychological interpretations. His assertion that hysteria \"behaves as if anatomy does not exist\" represented a significant departure from the organicist tradition of late 19th-century medicine. This transition established a conceptual foundation for exploring psychological phenomena independently of their neurological substrates, while not entirely rejecting biological anchoring. The article situates Freud's 1893 publication within the broader context of emerging psychiatric thought and discusses how contemporary neuroscience offers new perspectives on the psychological-neurobiological relationship that Freud initially explored through different methodological approaches. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":51852,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychology","volume":"28 4","pages":"334-338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Word association and communality of thought. 词语联想与思想共同体。
IF 0.8 4区 心理学
History of Psychology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1037/hop0000276
Marjorie Perlman Lorch
{"title":"Word association and communality of thought.","authors":"Marjorie Perlman Lorch","doi":"10.1037/hop0000276","DOIUrl":"10.1037/hop0000276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The word association task has been a standard form of assessment and research tool for over a century, used for investigating how concepts are associated with each other and how they are linked to words. In the 1950s, researchers at the Loyola University, Chicago altered the original free word association test instructions in a fundamental way. They asked participants to provide the word that they thought most other people would say. The purpose of this new manipulation was to assess peoples' ability to reflect on intrapersonal knowledge. The ideas of Henry Stack Sullivan (1892-1949) and David Rapaport (1911-1960) about the role of interpersonal relations to mental health were used to frame the approach. The concept of \"communality of thought\" represents the mental process that was being measured. In the mid-20th century, psychologist Vincent V. Herr, SJ (1905-1971) directed a research project exploring the relation between linguistic, cognitive, and emotional resources by testing people having various age, sociocultural, educational, and personality characteristics. The aim was to assess peoples' degree of empathy to \"the unknown other.\" This approach represented an interesting innovation in psychological assessment. It gained little traction in the field because of a variety of contextual circumstances. The development of this assessment and the theorizing around it is revisited here to consider its significance as a means of addressing research questions in psychology, psychiatry, and linguistics on issues of interest regarding a normative notion of shared social linguistic knowledge. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":51852,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"179-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144531096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Discovering the Freud wars: Henri F. Ellenberger and the polarized history of psychotherapy in France (circa 1970). 发现弗洛伊德之战:亨利·f·艾伦伯格和法国心理治疗的两极化历史(大约1970年)。
IF 0.8 4区 心理学
History of Psychology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1037/hop0000281
Elsa Forner, Rémy Amouroux, Milana Aronov, Florent Serina
{"title":"Discovering the Freud wars: Henri F. Ellenberger and the polarized history of psychotherapy in France (circa 1970).","authors":"Elsa Forner, Rémy Amouroux, Milana Aronov, Florent Serina","doi":"10.1037/hop0000281","DOIUrl":"10.1037/hop0000281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The text examines the reception in France of the work of Henri F. Ellenberger, a psychiatrist and historian and the author of <i>The Discovery of the Unconscious</i> (1970). In this book, Ellenberger offers a non-Freudian history of dynamic psychiatry, highlighting contributions by Janet, Adler, and Jung to develop a more pluralistic view of psychotherapeutic practices. In the 1970s, France remained strongly dominated by psychoanalysis, while other countries increasingly adopted approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy. This Freudian hegemony explains the resistance Ellenberger encountered in having his book translated into French. Despite his connections with prominent psychiatrists, his initial attempts failed. It was ultimately through the magazine <i>Psychologie</i>-founded by Jacques Mousseau and inspired by <i>Psychology Today</i>-that Ellenberger found a platform for his ideas, leading to the French publication of his book in 1974. The text emphasizes that the mixed reception of Ellenberger's work reflects a broader divide between therapeutic models. In the United States, his book fueled a critical reevaluation of psychoanalysis, while in France his contribution was often minimized or reframed to fit within the Freudian tradition. The article links these dynamics to deeper ideological polarization and the influence of institutional networks in defining what counts as legitimate therapeutic knowledge. Ultimately, the study concludes that Ellenberger, as both an intellectual and geographical outsider, represents a pivotal moment for thinking about therapeutic and historiographical pluralism-an approach that France struggled to embrace for decades. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":51852,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychology","volume":"28 3","pages":"198-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145214392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The construction of a psychoanalytic genealogy: Ramon Sarró and the meeting with Freud. 精神分析谱系的构建:拉蒙Sarró和与弗洛伊德的会面。
IF 0.8 4区 心理学
History of Psychology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1037/hop0000280
Silvia Lévy Lazcano
{"title":"The construction of a psychoanalytic genealogy: Ramon Sarró and the meeting with Freud.","authors":"Silvia Lévy Lazcano","doi":"10.1037/hop0000280","DOIUrl":"10.1037/hop0000280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Analysis of the personal archives of Spanish psychiatrist Ramón Sarró, housed in the Library of Catalonia, reveals a wealth of unpublished documents related to his time in Vienna (1925-1927) and his engagement with psychoanalysis. During this period, he met Sigmund Freud and underwent psychoanalytic training with Helene Deutsch. He also provided therapy to patients under supervision at the Vienna Ambulatorium, one of several free psychoanalysis clinics established after World War I. However, Sarró did not complete his psychoanalytic training, and in 1927, he returned to Spain. Starting from 1939, Sarró became part of the medical establishment of the Franco dictatorship. In 1950, he obtained the position of the Chair of Psychiatry at the University of Barcelona. In this capacity, he actively participated in scientific debates and promoted the dissemination of psychoanalytic ideas within the public sphere. This article aims to explore the significance that Sarró attributed to his encounter with Freud and his training in Vienna. It also delves into how he leveraged these experiences to establish his scientific and professional legitimacy in the realms of psychoanalysis, both nationally and internationally. In this context, it serves as an exploration of the transnational history of psychoanalysis, between Vienna and Barcelona, influenced by the significant political transformations that occurred in Spain and Europe between 1920 and 1980. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":51852,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychology","volume":"28 3","pages":"220-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145214390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信
小红书