Between conformity and individuality: Psychologists in Czechoslovakia during normalization (1968-1989).

IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q1 HISTORY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
History of Psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-29 DOI:10.1037/hop0000254
Radovan Šikl, Marek Preiss, Simona Hoskovcová
{"title":"Between conformity and individuality: Psychologists in Czechoslovakia during normalization (1968-1989).","authors":"Radovan Šikl, Marek Preiss, Simona Hoskovcová","doi":"10.1037/hop0000254","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study examines the development of psychology in former Czechoslovakia during the period of \"normalization\" (1968-1989) and the challenges it faced under the communist regime. The restricted connection to Western psychology and the regime's control over all aspects of human activity negatively influenced the continuity of development in psychology. The regime demanded conformity, leaving individuals, including psychologists, in recurring states of internal conflict and intellectual discomfort when deciding how much to compromise in their personal and professional lives. The study identifies three groups of psychologists based on their adaptability to regime demands. The first group consists of those who aligned themselves with the regime, allowing them to hold positions of leadership and shape the conceptualization of the field. The second group comprises individuals who actively opposed the regime, facing significant limitations in their educational and career opportunities, and mostly being forced to leave the profession. The third group of psychologists belongs to the apolitical gray zone. A significant portion of individuals in this largest group passively complied with established norms and constraints, accepting the restrictions imposed on the development of Czechoslovak psychology. Fortunately, thanks to the persistent efforts of the proactive members of the gray zone and their willingness to endure significant discomfort, an even deeper decline of psychology during the normalization period was prevented. The study provides insights into the topics of education, research, Western influences, and adaptation to the communist regime within Czechoslovak psychology, illuminating the intricacies of living in that historical period. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":51852,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"History of Psychology","FirstCategoryId":"102","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1037/hop0000254","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/2/29 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"HISTORY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

The study examines the development of psychology in former Czechoslovakia during the period of "normalization" (1968-1989) and the challenges it faced under the communist regime. The restricted connection to Western psychology and the regime's control over all aspects of human activity negatively influenced the continuity of development in psychology. The regime demanded conformity, leaving individuals, including psychologists, in recurring states of internal conflict and intellectual discomfort when deciding how much to compromise in their personal and professional lives. The study identifies three groups of psychologists based on their adaptability to regime demands. The first group consists of those who aligned themselves with the regime, allowing them to hold positions of leadership and shape the conceptualization of the field. The second group comprises individuals who actively opposed the regime, facing significant limitations in their educational and career opportunities, and mostly being forced to leave the profession. The third group of psychologists belongs to the apolitical gray zone. A significant portion of individuals in this largest group passively complied with established norms and constraints, accepting the restrictions imposed on the development of Czechoslovak psychology. Fortunately, thanks to the persistent efforts of the proactive members of the gray zone and their willingness to endure significant discomfort, an even deeper decline of psychology during the normalization period was prevented. The study provides insights into the topics of education, research, Western influences, and adaptation to the communist regime within Czechoslovak psychology, illuminating the intricacies of living in that historical period. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

服从与个性之间:正常化时期(1968-1989 年)捷克斯洛伐克的心理学家》。
本研究探讨了前捷克斯洛伐克心理学在 "正常化 "时期(1968-1989 年)的发展情况,以及在共产党政权下面临的挑战。与西方心理学的联系受到限制以及政权对人类活动各个方面的控制对心理学发展的连续性产生了负面影响。共产主义政权要求人们墨守成规,这使得包括心理学家在内的个人在决定个人和职业生活中的妥协程度时,经常处于内心冲突和思想不适的状态。本研究根据心理学家对制度要求的适应性,将他们分为三类。第一类是那些与政权保持一致的人,这使他们能够担任领导职务并塑造该领域的概念。第二类是那些积极反对政权的人,他们的教育和职业机会受到严重限制,大多被迫离开这一行业。第三类心理学家属于非政治灰色地带。在这个最大的群体中,有相当一部分人被动地遵守既定的规范和约束,接受捷克斯洛伐克心理学发展所受到的限制。幸运的是,由于灰色地带中积极主动的成员坚持不懈的努力,并愿意忍受巨大的不适,才避免了心理学在正常化时期出现更严重的衰退。该研究深入探讨了捷克斯洛伐克心理学界的教育、研究、西方影响以及对共产主义制度的适应等主题,揭示了生活在这一历史时期的错综复杂的情况。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
CiteScore
1.40
自引率
20.00%
发文量
23
期刊介绍: History of Psychology features refereed articles addressing all aspects of psychology"s past and of its interrelationship with the many contexts within which it has emerged and has been practiced. It also publishes scholarly work in closely related areas, such as historical psychology (the history of consciousness and behavior), psychohistory, theory in psychology as it pertains to history, historiography, biography and autobiography, and the teaching of the history of psychology.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信