{"title":"Reflecting upon \"progress\": Zhang yaoxiang and the science and history of psychology in Republican China.","authors":"Ying Zhou, Guo Jin, Zhonghong Xiao","doi":"10.1037/hop0000293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/hop0000293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zhang Yaoxiang was a key figure in the development of psychology in Republican China. Like many of his contemporaries, Zhang was a practitioner of scientific psychology and spared no effort to leverage psychological expertise for national progress. However, he distinguished himself through his keen interest in the past and his groundbreaking role in inaugurating the historiography of Chinese psychology. Despite acknowledging Zhang's dual roles as a scientist and a historian, existing scholarship has largely overlooked the potential tensions between these roles-particularly regarding how Zhang understood the historical past and its relationship to the present in an era that revered progress. This article revisits Zhang's engagement with the science and history of psychology in China from the 1920s to 1940s. It argues that his perceptions of the past and present of psychology were associated with his evolving conceptions of progress and science. By the 1940s at the latest, through historical inquiries, Zhang was able, on the one hand, to localize psychology and interlink local knowledge with that of Western centers and, on the other hand, to transcend his professional identity as an experimental psychologist to embrace a broadening field with various competing schools of thought. Through Zhang's case, this article offers a nuanced history of the circulation of modern psychology in Republican China and reveals the origins of Chinese psychological historiography as part of global historical traditions. It contributes to current discussions on the relationship between the past and present of psychology, as well as contextual approaches to the history of psychology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":51852,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147624639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
History of PsychologyPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1037/hop0000289
Simon Kemp
{"title":"A medieval text on mental disorder: Constantine the African on melancholy.","authors":"Simon Kemp","doi":"10.1037/hop0000289","DOIUrl":"10.1037/hop0000289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Constantine the African's (ca. 1080/1536a) <i>Two Books of Melancholy</i> were based on earlier Arabic texts. The work is distinguished, firstly, by being a compact systematic account of a single mental disorder termed melancholy, and, secondly, by appearing in Latin before most other writings about mental disorder. In it, Constantine presents a biological account that attributes the proximate cause of the disorder to unhealthy bodily fluids or humors, and particularly to black bile. However, the humoral disorder may in turn come from unhealthy lifestyles, emotional shock, or disposition from conception. Treatments focus on the patient's diet, bathing, and exercise, with the addition of some pharmaceutical remedies. Many of Constantine's ideas and recommendations are found in later medieval medical and theological writing. Although there are important differences from present-day approaches to mental disorder, there are also many similarities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":51852,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"31-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146087979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
History of PsychologyPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1037/hop0000285
Andrea Romano, Renato Foschi
{"title":"Emilio Bodrero at the crossroads of fascism and the crisis of psychology.","authors":"Andrea Romano, Renato Foschi","doi":"10.1037/hop0000285","DOIUrl":"10.1037/hop0000285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article aims to analyze how fascism influenced the crisis of Italian psychology, a phenomenon already highlighted in historiographical literature (Hatfield, 2012; Lombardo, 2014, 2015; Mandler, 2011; Mülberger, 2014a, 2014b; Sturm & Mülberger, 2012). Fascism shaped Italian culture by establishing a regime that ultimately denied fundamental constitutional rights, such as freedom of association and political pluralism, and by shifting cultural orientations. Initially rooted in a secular and anticlerical framework, the regime later granted Catholicism a special status, formalized through agreements with the Catholic Church in 1929 (the Lateran Pacts). During this period, key figures in Italian intellectual life, such as Emilio Bodrero (1874-1949)-a nationalist philosopher, rector of the University of Padua, and Undersecretary of the Ministry of Education-rose to prominence. This article will examine his correspondence with psychologists, highlighting how the crisis of Italian psychology was a microhistorical aspect of a broader transformation occurring at the macrolevel across Italian society during the fascist era. Ultimately, the shifts in psychology during Bodrero's tenure coincided with the discipline's wider crisis in Italy. Studying his case may provide an empirical lens for understanding the historiographical concept of crisis. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":51852,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"46-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145936063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magdalena Pierucka, Anna Pakalska, Paweł Zagożdżon, Dorota Dydjow-Bendek
{"title":"The history of (not) understanding autism: From Hugh Blair and \"The wild boy of Aveyron\" to ICD-11 and the DSM-5-TR.","authors":"Magdalena Pierucka, Anna Pakalska, Paweł Zagożdżon, Dorota Dydjow-Bendek","doi":"10.1037/hop0000291","DOIUrl":"10.1037/hop0000291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, the complicated history of understanding and defining autism is presented. Descriptions of important contributors and studies that are not widely known or remembered are also included and incorporated into the historical timeline. The first descriptions of probable cases of autism date back to the 18th century, but at that time, the individuals were diagnosed with mental retardation or \"silent madness.\" When the term autism was coined by Eugen Bleuler, it was related to the \"inner world\" to describe severe cases of schizophrenia. The first explicit description of autism, as we understand it today, was published in 1944 by Leo Kanner, who showed both similarities and differences between autism and childhood schizophrenia. Understanding the core problems related to autism took several decades. Groundbreaking studies conducted by Rutter et al. and Kolvin et al. determined that autism was separate from schizophrenia disorder 36 years after its official introduction (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, in 1980). In 1988, Rutter and Schopler stated that autism had the most validated diagnosis in child psychiatry. However, each subsequent classification introduced major changes and was significantly different from the previous ones. The aim was to optimize the diagnosis and provide optimal care for affected individuals. Our knowledge of autism is broad, and there are still allegations concerning the quality of the currently applicable classifications. Given how many years it has taken and the various approaches that have been used to understand autism, it may indeed be one of the most mysterious disorders in humans. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":51852,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychology","volume":"29 1","pages":"20-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
History of PsychologyPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1037/hop0000286
Chabrian Tanguay, A Alexander Beaujean
{"title":"Learning from students: An inquiry into Charles Spearman's research agenda.","authors":"Chabrian Tanguay, A Alexander Beaujean","doi":"10.1037/hop0000286","DOIUrl":"10.1037/hop0000286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Charles Spearman is somewhat of an enigmatic figure in psychology's history. While most historians of psychology agree that he made notable contributions, there is no consensus about the research agenda from which his contributions originated. Since typical methods for studying a researcher's agenda provide relatively limited information in the case of Spearman, we approached the problem differently. Under the reasoned assumption that the student research projects he guided would manifest his agenda, we examined the content of those projects. What emerged from our inquiry is a research agenda that appears broader and more complex than what is often presented in modern history of psychology texts. We discuss some implications of our findings as well as some possible future directions for historical inquiry into Spearman. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":51852,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145935237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
History of PsychologyPub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-06-02DOI: 10.1037/hop0000278
Rémy Amouroux, Alix Vogel, Aude Fauvel
{"title":"\"What does the princess want?\" Misogyny, Marie Bonaparte's \"carnal community,\" and the pursuit of a scientific understanding of female pleasure.","authors":"Rémy Amouroux, Alix Vogel, Aude Fauvel","doi":"10.1037/hop0000278","DOIUrl":"10.1037/hop0000278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 1924, Marie Bonaparte, who would later become a prominent French psychoanalyst, conducted one of the first scientific surveys of female sexual pleasure. In contemporary discourse, her work on women's sexuality is characterized as an obsession, attributed to her allegedly frigid nature. This article draws on recently released archival materials from the Library of Congress in Washington, DC, to replace Bonaparte in the history of sexology and women's struggles to make their voices heard in academic circles. Faced with misogyny and sometimes harassment, she was forced to bypass the male physician and create a \"carnal network\" through which she persuaded other women to be intimately measured and interrogated to understand the nature of female pleasure. Going back to the roots of Freud's famous question, \"What does woman want?\" and examining Bonaparte's quest for sexual freedom and her complex relationship with her famous analyst, we argue that Freud was not truly asking a question about femininity but rather warning his student about the restrictions women should place on themselves in the society. Overall, we suggest that Bonaparte's theses can be better understood through the conceptual framework of \"situated knowledges\" as articulated by Donna Haraway. Indeed, it is from her and other women's bodies that she produced a knowledge that competed with the dominating male gaze on women's bodies. Far from being the product of a frigid neurotic or a Freudian zealot, Bonaparte's work was an early manifestation of the collective empowerment of women in society throughout the 20th century. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":51852,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"277-297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
History of PsychologyPub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-10-27DOI: 10.1037/hop0000284
Michael Pettit, Hannie Smolyanitsky
{"title":"\"Subtleties of damage\": Montréal, medicine, and migration in the making of intergenerational trauma.","authors":"Michael Pettit, Hannie Smolyanitsky","doi":"10.1037/hop0000284","DOIUrl":"10.1037/hop0000284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In mid-1960s Montréal, a team of psychiatrists affiliated with the city's Jewish General Hospital identified a disturbing trend in their family therapy practice. The children of concentration camp survivors exhibited forms of severe maladjustment and psychopathology despite their parents' seeming good mental health. These clinical cases examined through a cybernetic-informed family therapy suggested to the psychiatrists that certain forms of trauma could be transmitted across the generations to those who had not experienced the camps firsthand. When daily newspapers publicized this theory in 1968, it met with organized opposition from Montréal's community of Holocaust survivors. The public outcry led the main researcher Vivian Rakoff to drop this line of inquiry. The concept of intergenerational trauma only started gaining traction a decade later in the United States through a network of support groups established in major urban centers by the now grown children of the camp survivors. Following the activism of Vietnam veterans, feminists, and their allies in the helping professions, trauma had acquired new cultural legitimacy in 1970s. It could describe social harms while downplaying the sufferer's personal culpability for their maladjustments. Leaders of these new support groups rejected the Montréal psychiatrists' clinical diagnosis while creating horizontally organized therapeutic spaces to talk about this shared trauma in ways that promoted forms of self-discovery and expression. The Montréal psychiatrists both did and did not discover in the 1960s what became known as intergenerational trauma. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":51852,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"247-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145379816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
History of PsychologyPub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-10-27DOI: 10.1037/hop0000283
Ulrich Koch
{"title":"Making safe spaces safer: Political activism, therapeutic culture, and the evolution of feminist consciousness-raising, 1968-1988.","authors":"Ulrich Koch","doi":"10.1037/hop0000283","DOIUrl":"10.1037/hop0000283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article explores one of the origins of the notion of \"safe space.\" Its aims are twofold: First, by using the early history of feminist consciousness-raising (CR) as a lens, it draws out consequential shifts in the methods and rationales for creating and maintaining psychologically safe group environments. Second, by doing so, the essay aims to complicate contemporary debates surrounding the use of safe spaces. The rules we today associate with the establishment of such environments (demanding confidentiality, suspension of judgment) were initially prompted by egalitarian concerns about power imbalances within CR groups. As the method circulated beyond circles of radical feminists in the early 1970s, however, its aims and targets changed, letting it converge with self-help and encounter groups. The reform-oriented National Organization for Women both aided in the wider diffusion of CR while also constricting the practice. As the epistemic aims of CR became deemphasized in the process, such groups now more often took on emotional-supportive functions. Safety concerns, in turn, shifted toward protecting participants from the potential psychological harms of group experiences. These psychological safety measures were subsequently adopted by psychologists and educators, whereas in activist circles, in the 1980s, safe spaces, similarly, became places of refuge from external oppression and internal strife. Making safe spaces safer in this way represented a fundamental shift in how psychological safety within group environments was conceived. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":51852,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"312-333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145379840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chester Middlebrook Pierce and the birth of microaggression.","authors":"Stéphanie Pache","doi":"10.1037/hop0000287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/hop0000287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article explores the historical context in which the concept of microaggression was produced and the psychological model that supported it. Microaggression has become a popular term used to describe the stress of minoritized groups beyond the experience of racism. This article presents a genealogical perspective informing the contemporary uses of the term. The concept of \"microaggression\" was developed by Black psychiatrist Chester Middlebrook Pierce (1927-2016), professor of psychiatry and education at Harvard University. Pierce played an important role in conceptualizing the relationships between the mental health of individuals and groups, and their environment. The career and story of Chester M. Pierce bear witness to the construction of the relation between racism and mental health in a therapeutic culture \"in the making.\" Through a selective biographical account of the career and research of Pierce, this article examines what brought him to coin the term microaggression. It also considers the wider context of the political mobilization of behavioral sciences to understand and address social inequalities in the United States. The notion of microaggression was a conceptual tool used by Pierce to describe how racism is perpetuated as a psychological phenomenon and to help develop awareness of the need to propose defensive strategies. The contextualization of Pierce's research and achievements aims therefore to contribute to the history of American \"therapeutic culture\" and the discussion of the role that psychological concepts such as microaggression are assumed to play in the psychologization of power relations and everyday life. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":51852,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychology","volume":"28 4","pages":"298-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Making the interpersonal political: Social therapeutics and psy knowledge.","authors":"Ulrich Koch, Stéphanie Pache","doi":"10.1037/hop0000290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/hop0000290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This introduction to the special section of History of Psychology argues for the centrality of the interpersonal-as an object of psychological knowledge, a condition of knowledge production, and as a site of social intervention and transformation-in the history of psychotherapy and of the psy sciences more generally. We situate this focus within broader historiographical and sociological debates and feminist historiography. The articles that make up this section revisit episodes where the psychological disciplines were employed to critique, challenge, or otherwise subvert existing power structures and dynamics. They highlight two aspects that have been neglected in the literature: the political projects of psychological practitioners and the ways in which these actors viewed or treated the interpersonal as a site of scalable social interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":51852,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychology","volume":"28 4","pages":"267-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}