Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics最新文献

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of physicochemical properties of various root canal sealers: An <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"Kiran Singbal, Philip Pradeep, Ashvin Kaur Mangat","doi":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_866_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_866_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>New endodontic sealers are frequently introduced; hence, understanding the properties of each sealer and choosing the most appropriate one is essential for clinical decision-making.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to assess the physicochemical properties of a new zinc oxide eugenol-based sealer (EssenSeal^®) compared with three other sealers: a calcium hydroxide-based sealer (Hydrosealer), a bioceramic silicone-based sealer (Roeko GuttaFlow), and an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The evaluation included pH, flow, radiopacity, and solubility according to the ISO 6876/2012 standard. pH levels were measured at various time intervals in deionized water (1, 3, 24, 72, 168, 336, and 504 h). Radiopacity was assessed radiographically in millimeters of aluminum, while solubility was determined after 7 days of immersion in deionized water and quantified by mass loss (%). Data analysis involved ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and pairwise comparison tests, with statistical significance set at <i>P</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EssenSeal^® exhibited the highest flow and solubility (<i>P</i> < 0.001), while AH Plus showed the highest radiopacity and the lowest pH and solubility (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Except for AH Plus, all sealers demonstrated alkalinization and radiopacity in compliance with ISO 6876 standards.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EssenSeal^® showed promising physicochemical properties, but did not fully comply with ISO 6876/2012 standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":516842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics","volume":"28 4","pages":"325-330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12037120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detecting <i>Porphyromonas endodontalis</i>.","authors":"Eugene Joseph Whitaker, Leena N Shah, Ivan R Miloradovic, Cemil J Yesilsoy, Shloka A Badve","doi":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_859_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_859_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) may be used in the future to detect infecting microorganisms. LAMP assays exist for the endodontic pathogens <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> and <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i>, but not yet for <i>Porphyromonas endodontalis.</i></p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To develop a LAMP assay for detecting <i>P. endodontalis</i>.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>It was an <i>in vitro</i> benchtop study.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>The National Center for Biotechnology Information GenBank Basic Local Alignment Search Tool was used to identify a segment of the dipeptidyl peptidase 11 (DPP11) gene unique to <i>P. endodontalis</i>. A primer design tool was used to generate six primers required for developing the LAMP assay. WarmStart Colorimetric LAMP 2X Master Mix was used to evaluate the LAMP assay, using purified <i>P. endodontalis</i> DNA as a control.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Statistical parameters for sensitivity and specificity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The assay was performed in triplicate on pure DNA from <i>P. endodontalis</i> and <i>P. gingivalis</i> and on the DNA that was extracted from <i>P. endodontalis</i>, <i>P. gingivalis</i>, <i>F. nucleatum</i>, and <i>E. faecalis</i> cells and diluted two-fold from 1/2 to 1/256. Assays for the diluted samples were performed in triplicate, and the contingency tables indicated the LAMP assay to be 82% sensitive and 90% specific for <i>P. endodontalis</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LAMP assay could be a highly sensitive and specific chairside detection method for <i>P. endodontalis</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":516842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics","volume":"28 3","pages":"253-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12007742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A preliminary study on the effect of photobiomodulation with diode laser on direct pulp capping of cariously exposed teeth.","authors":"K Rashmi, N Kiran Kumar, R S Mohan Kumar, Shishir Singh, Biji Brigit, R S Shwetha","doi":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_874_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_874_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vital pulp therapy has gained significant attention in modern clinical practice. However, direct pulp capping (DPC) success rates remain low due to bacterial contamination.</p><p><strong>Aims and objectives: </strong>This study explored novel techniques of preoperative disinfection and photobiomodulation with diode laser to enhance outcomes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty patients were divided into two groups: Group A: Calcium hydroxide pulp capping, Group B: Preoperative disinfection with sodium hypochlorite (one minute) + photobiomodulation with diode laser + composite restoration.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis: </strong>Cochran's Q Test compared pain, tooth sensibility, and radiographic changes at 1, 3, and 6 months (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study yielded success rates of 80% and 90% for groups A and B, respectively. Group B showed increased success rates, although not statistically significant which can be attributed to the laser's biostimulation properties.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that combining preoperative disinfection and photobiomodulation with diode laser may improve DPC success rates, offering a promising approach in vital pulp therapy. Further research is warranted to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":516842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics","volume":"28 3","pages":"269-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12007735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of various disinfectants in deep carious lesions: An <i>in vivo</i> study.","authors":"Nitika Disodia, Nupur Dhanak, Aditya Pidaparthi, Geeta Asthana, Shikha Kanodia","doi":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_833_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_833_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The study aimed to assess and compare the cavity disinfection efficacy of 2% chlorhexidine, 940 nm diode laser, and photodynamic therapy (PDT) with Rose Bengal-functionalized chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) in deep carious lesions.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>This randomized controlled, parallel clinical trial was conducted in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad. A simple randomization technique was used for randomization of samples. A total of 90 patients participated in this study.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>Ninety participants with reversible pulpitis were randomly assigned to three groups, each receiving a different cavity disinfectant: 2% chlorhexidine, 940 nm diode laser, and PDT with Rose Bengal-functionalized CS-NPs. Dentinal samples were collected before and after cavity disinfection, and microbiological analysis for total viable count (TVC), <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>, and <i>Lactobacillus</i> count was conducted. Clinical and radiographic evaluation was done at 1 and 6 months.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Statistical analysis involved the Wilcoxon signed-rank, Kruskal-Wallis, and Tukey's tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intragroup comparison showed high significant reductions in TVC, <i>S. mutans</i>, and <i>Lactobacillus</i> count in all the groups. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed that the chlorhexidine group had the greatest reduction in bacterial counts, followed by PDT and diode laser groups. No differences in clinical success rates were observed among the three groups up to 6-month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All three cavity disinfectants significantly reduced total vital count, <i>S. mutans</i>, and <i>Lactobacillus</i> count. However, chlorhexidine showed the best results.</p>","PeriodicalId":516842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics","volume":"28 3","pages":"258-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12007745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144056732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the efficacy of herbal irrigants using laser activation in removing endodontic pathogens: An <i>in vitro</i> analysis.","authors":"Arvind Kumar Alexander, Benin Paulaian, Shunmuga Priya Tamilarasan, N J Nagaraj, J S Beautlin, Rs Mohan Kumar","doi":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_714_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_714_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The removal of harmful endodontic pathogens involves the mechanical enlargement of the root canal space along with the use of irrigants to improve debridement and disinfection. Although this is effective in most of the cases, failures still do occur due to the microorganisms which remain inside the root canal system.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This research aims to assess the antibacterial efficacy of <i>Azadirachta indica</i> and <i>Morinda citrifolia</i>, comparing them with 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), while also examining the impact of laser activation on these irrigants.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Sixty-four single-rooted teeth with single canal were selected and decoronated to a standard length of 16 mm. All the samples were cleaned of debris and autoclaved. Two samples were selected randomly to check the complete disinfection, and the rest were inoculated with <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> and <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>. Biofilm formation was checked in two randomly selected samples after 7 days. The remaining samples were then divided into three groups, namely A, B, and C. Then, each group was subdivided into two subgroups (A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2). Group A was irrigated with 3% NaOCl solution. Group B was irrigated with <i>A. indica</i> extract, and Group C was irrigated with <i>M. citrifolia</i> extract. The subgroups A2, B2, and C2 were activated with Biolase diode laser, and colony-forming units (CFUs) were counted for all samples.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis: </strong>Statistical analysis was done using analysis of variance and paired <i>t</i>-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean and standard deviation of CFUs in all the groups before and after laser activation denote no significant difference.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The antibacterial activity of <i>A. indica</i> and <i>M. citrifolia</i> was comparable with 3% NaOCl. Hence, they can be used as an alternative to the most commonly used chemical root canal irrigants. Laser activation can be used as an adjuvant in eradication of microbes from the root canal system.</p>","PeriodicalId":516842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics","volume":"28 3","pages":"237-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12007740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rise of noninvasive esthetic dentistry: Myth or reality?","authors":"Shishir Singh, Geeta Asthana","doi":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_139_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_139_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":516842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics","volume":"28 3","pages":"209-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12007737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endovital and endocrown: A synergistic approach for conservative management of a grossly carious mandibular molar.","authors":"Kanaga Durga, Amal Singh Rana, Delphia Thomas, Virat Galhotra","doi":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_797_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_797_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pulp tissue in teeth with pulpitis may be both healthy and inflamed at different levels. In cases of irreversible pulpitis, inflammation is confined to 2 mm of carious exposure. According to the literature, following the removal of diseased pulp tissue, the remaining vital tissue can be preserved. Koli <i>et al</i>. introduced the concept of the \"Endovital technique,\" which integrates Nonsurgical Endodontic Treatment with Vital Pulp Therapy in multirooted teeth affected by symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP) and apical periodontitis in one or more roots. This case report details a conservative approach for managing a grossly carious tooth with SIP and pulpal necrosis. Upon access opening, the tooth was found to be partially necrotic. The treatment involved performing vital pulp therapy to the root with vital tissue and nonsurgical root canal treatment on the root with necrotic pulp. Subsequently, an endocrown was placed as the postendodontic restoration.</p>","PeriodicalId":516842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics","volume":"28 3","pages":"302-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12007734/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144061478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of apical diameter and instrument taper on apical debris extrusion during root canal instrumentation: An <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"Amit Kumar, Mamta Kaushik, Neha Mehra, Neha Verma, Tripti Rathore","doi":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_14_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_14_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Apical debris extrusion can result in complications leading to unfavorable clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This <i>in vitro</i> study aimed to ascertain the influence of apical size and variation of instrument taper on the apical extrusion of debris.</p><p><strong>Setting and design: </strong>Forty roots from sixty recently extracted human permanent mandibular molars were selected. The apical diameter was measured using an image analysis program and divided into two groups: mesial roots for narrower canals (N) (<i>n</i> = 20) and distal roots for wider canals (W) (<i>n</i> = 20). These were further subdivided based on preparation size and instrument taper as #25/0.04 and #25/0.06 for narrower and #30/0.04 and #30/0.06 for wider canals.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The canals were prepared using Hero Shapers, with double distilled water as irrigant. The extruded debris was collected using the Myers and Montgomery method.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>The mean weight of extruded debris was analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The Mann-Whitney test compared the differences in the weight of debris between different tapers and different canal widths. The level of significance was set at <i>P</i> ≤ 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Narrow canals prepared using #25/0.06 showed significantly more debris extrusion when compared to #25/0.04 (<i>P</i> = 0.017). Wider canals, when instrumented with a #30/0.04, had more extrusion of debris than #30/0.06. However, the difference between 0.04 and 0.06 taper was not significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The apical diameter and instrument taper are essential factors to be considered to minimize debris extrusion. Narrower diameter, when instrumented with greater taper, exhibited more apical debris extrusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":516842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics","volume":"28 3","pages":"279-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12007744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144061488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing root canal filling homogeneity: Investigating cross linked and injection molded techniques against single cone method.","authors":"Foram Hemantkumar Patel, Tarang Kirtibhai Mehta, Keval Anilbhai Bhavsar, Kailash Madivalayya Attur, Shylaja Kailash Attur, Avani Bipinbhai Patel","doi":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_863_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_863_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The most common cause for endodontic failures has been ascribed to improper obturation of root canal space. An ideal endodontic filling should approximate the obturation material in close contact with the root canal wall to minimize the sealer content. Voids cause a problem of harboring bacteria leading to treatment failure.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim of the present study was to compare and analyze filled area after using single cone, cross-linked gutta-percha core-carrier systems, and injection-molded thermoplasticized obturation technique.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>Thirty-nine human mandibular premolars with a single oval canal were selected. Biomechanical preparation was done using HyFlexCM. Samples were categorized into three groups and filled with single cone, cross-linked gutta-percha core-carrier systems, and injection-molded thermoplasticized obturation technique. Sectioning was done at 3, 6, 9, and 12 mm from the apex. The percentage of gutta-percha-filled areas (PGFAs) and percentage of void areas (PVA) were analyzed using a stereomicroscope.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Analysis of variance-one way.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A statistically significant difference was not found in terms of PGFA and PVA at 3 mm among the three groups. However, the cross-linked carrier-based and injection-molded thermoplasticized groups showed overall highly significant differences with the single-cone obturation group at 6, 9, and 12 mm (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The cross-linked carrier-based and injection-molded thermoplasticized groups exhibited more gutta-percha filled area than single-cone obturation technique and thus turned out to be more effective in achieving homogenous root canal filling.</p>","PeriodicalId":516842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics","volume":"28 3","pages":"274-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12007746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of mineral trioxide aggregate and its modifications in inducing dentin bridge formation during pulp capping: A systematic review.","authors":"Shanmugapriya Karunakaran, N Praveen, K E Selvandran, Ashok Leburu, K Madhuram, A R Arun Kumar","doi":"10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_848_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_848_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To comprehensively evaluate and compare the effectiveness of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and its modifications in inducing dentin bridge formation during pulp capping procedures. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta Analyses guidelines and was registered in the PROSPERO platform. PubMed-Medline, Scopus, Embase, Lilacs, and Google Scholar were searched until June 1, 2024. Three reviewers independently extracted data using a prepiloted extraction sheet. The quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was assessed using the ROB 2.0 tool, while quasi-experimental studies were evaluated using the JBI tool. The search yielded 152 studies, of which 9 studies (7 RCTs, 1 <i>in vivo</i> study, and 1 prospective clinical trial) met the inclusion criteria. The primary outcomes assessed included clinical success, radiographic success, dentin bridge formation, and dentin bridge thickness. The review found that MTA and its modifications effectively induced dentin bridge formation, with some modified formulations demonstrating improved handling properties, faster setting times, and reduced discoloration compared to conventional MTA. MTA and its modifications effectively promote dentin bridge formation in pulp capping procedures. Enhancing the properties of MTA through modifications can improve its clinical effectiveness by addressing some limitations of the conventional material. However, standardized methodologies in future studies are needed to improve the comparability and reproducibility of findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":516842,"journal":{"name":"Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics","volume":"28 3","pages":"222-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12007749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}