The ISME Journal最新文献

{"title":"Plant growth-promotion triggered by extracellular polymer is associated with facilitation of bacterial cross-feeding networks of the rhizosphere","authors":"Yian Gu, Wenhui Yan, Yu Chen, Sijie Liu, Liang Sun, Zhe Zhang, Peng Lei, Rui Wang, Sha Li, Samiran Banerjee, Ville-Petri Friman, Hong Xu","doi":"10.1093/ismejo/wraf040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ismejo/wraf040","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the critical role rhizosphere microbiomes play in plant growth, manipulating microbial communities for improved plant productivity remains challenging. One reason for this is the lack of knowledge on how complex substrates secreted in the microbiome ultimately shape the microbe-microbe and plant-microbe interaction in relation to plant growth. One such complex substrate is poly-γ-glutamic acid, which is a microbially derived extracellular polymer. While it has previously been linked with plant growth-promotion, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here we show that this compound benefits plants by fostering cross-feeding networks between rhizosphere bacteria. We first experimentally demonstrate that poly-γ-glutamic acid application increases potassium bioavailability for tomato plants by driving a shift in the rhizosphere bacterial community composition. Specifically, application of poly-γ-glutamic acid increased the relative abundance of Pseudomonas nitroreducens L16 and Pseudomonas monteilii L20 bacteria which both promoted tomato potassium assimilation by secreting potassium-solubilizing pyruvic acid and potassium-chelating siderophores, respectively. Although either Pseudomonas strain could not metabolize poly-γ-glutamic acid directly, the application of poly-γ-glutamic acid promoted the growth of Bacillus species, which in turn produced metabolites that could promote the growth of both P. nitroreducens L16 and P. monteilii L20. Moreover, the P. monteilii L20 produced 3-hydroxycapric acid, which could promote the growth of P. nitroreducens L16, resulting in commensal cross-feeding interaction between plant growth-promoting bacteria. Together, these results show that poly-γ-glutamic acid plays a crucial role in driving plant growth-promotion via bacterial cross-feeding networks, highlighting the opportunity for using microbially derived, complex substrates as catalysts to increase agricultural productivity.","PeriodicalId":516554,"journal":{"name":"The ISME Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular aminopeptidase regulates exopolysaccharide production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa via quorum sensing","authors":"Tianhu Zhao, Fanglin Lei, Zhenyu Zhang, Di Wang, Luyan Z Ma","doi":"10.1093/ismejo/wraf038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ismejo/wraf038","url":null,"abstract":"The biofilm matrix primarily consists of proteins, exopolysaccharides, and extracellular DNA. Pseudomonas aeruginosa aminopeptidase is one of the most abundant matrix proteins in P. aeruginosa biofilms and plays a crucial role in modulating biofilm development. In a previous study, we have revealed that the loss of aminopeptidase enhances the attachment ability of P. aeruginosa. However, the mechanism by which aminopeptidase affects attachment remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate that aminopeptidase is the primary protein associated with the matrix exopolysaccharide Psl. The loss of aminopeptidase leads to increased production of Psl, resulting in enhanced attachment of P. aeruginosa. Further investigation shows that aminopeptidase represses the transcription of the psl operon through the LasI/LasR quorum sensing system, rather than through other known psl regulators or the cyclic-di-GMP signaling molecule. Aminopeptidase inhibits the transcription of lasI via the short peptides cleaved from the proform of aminopeptidase during its activation, which results in reduced biosynthesis of the quorum sensing signaling molecule C12-HSL, further decreasing the production of Psl. In conclusion, our study reveals an interplay between two key matrix components via the quorum sensing signal, suggesting a mechanism by which bacteria control initial attachment and exopolysaccharide production in response to cell density.","PeriodicalId":516554,"journal":{"name":"The ISME Journal","volume":"84 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mice expressing the autism-associated neuroligin-3 R451C variant exhibit increased mucus density and altered distributions of intestinal microbiota","authors":"Madushani Herath, Joel C Bornstein, Elisa L Hill-Yardin, Ashley E Franks","doi":"10.1093/ismejo/wraf037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ismejo/wraf037","url":null,"abstract":"The intestinal mucus layer protects the host from invading pathogens and is essential for maintaining a healthy mucosal microbial community. Alterations in the mucus layer and composition of mucus-residing microbiota in people diagnosed with autism may contribute to dysbiosis and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Although microbial dysbiosis based on sequencing data is frequently reported in autism, spatial profiling of microbes adjacent to the mucosa is needed to identify changes in bacterial subtypes in close contact with host tissues. Here, we analysed the spatial distribution of the mucin-2 protein using immunofluorescence as well as total bacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes phyla and Akkermansia muciniphila using fluorescent in situ hybridization in mice expressing the autism-associated R451C variant in the Neuroligin-3 gene. We show that the Neuroligin-3 R451C variant increases mucus density adjacent to the distal ileal epithelium in mice. The relative density of total bacteria, Firmicutes and A. muciniphila was increased whereas the density of Bacteroidetes was decreased closer to the epithelium in Neuroligin-3R451C mice. In summary, the autism-associated R451C variant in the Neuroligin-3 gene increases mucus density adjacent to the epithelium and alters microbial spatial distribution in the mouse distal ileum.","PeriodicalId":516554,"journal":{"name":"The ISME Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome diversification of symbiotic fungi in beetle-fungus mutualistic symbioses","authors":"Yin-Tse Huang, Khaled Abdrabo El-Sayid Abdrabo, Guan Jie Phang, Yu-Hsuan Fan, Yu-Ting Wu, Jie-Hao Ou, Jiri Hulcr","doi":"10.1093/ismejo/wraf039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ismejo/wraf039","url":null,"abstract":"Ambrosia beetles and their fungal symbionts represent a widespread and diverse insect-fungus mutualism. This study investigates the genomic adaptations associated with the evolution of the ambrosia lifestyle across multiple fungal lineages. We performed comparative genomic analyses on 70 fungal genomes from four families (Irpicaceae, Ceratocystidaceae, Nectriaceae, and Ophiostomataceae), including 24 ambrosia and 34 non-ambrosia lineages. Our phylogenomic analyses reveal multiple independent colonization of insect vectors by the fungi, spanning from the mid-Cretaceous (114.6 Ma) to the early Quaternary (1.9 Ma). Contrary to expectations for obligate symbionts, ambrosia fungi showed no significant genome-wide modification in size, gene count, or secreted protein repertoire compared to their non-symbiotic relatives. Instead, we observed conservation of most assessed genomic features; where genome traits differ between free-living relatives and ambrosia fungi, the changes are lineage-specific, not convergent. Key findings include lineage-specific expansions in carbohydrate-active enzyme families (AA4 in Nectriaceae, CE4 in Ophiostomataceae, and GH3 in Ophiostomataceae and Ceratocystidaceae), suggesting potential enhancement or loss of lignin modification, hemicellulose deacetylation, and cellulose degradation in different ambrosia lineages. Repeat-Induced Point mutation analysis revealed family-specific patterns rather than lifestyle-associated differences. These results highlight the diverse genomic strategies employed by ambrosia fungi, demonstrating that symbiont evolution can proceed through refined, lineage-specific changes rather than genome-wide, or convergent alterations. Our genomic analyses do not reveal patterns typically associated with domestication in these ambrosia fungi, suggesting they may represent free-living fungi that co-opted wood boring beetles as vectors through subtle, lineage-specific adaptations.","PeriodicalId":516554,"journal":{"name":"The ISME Journal","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atmospheric methane consumption in arid ecosystems acts as a reverse chimney and is accelerated by plant-methanotroph biomes","authors":"Nathalie A Delherbe, Oscar Gomez, Alvaro M Plominsky, Aaron Oliver, Maximino Manzanera, Marina G Kalyuzhnaya","doi":"10.1093/ismejo/wraf026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ismejo/wraf026","url":null,"abstract":"Drylands cover one-third of the Earth’s surface and are one of the largest terrestrial sinks for methane. Understanding the structure–function interplay between members of arid biomes can provide critical insights into mechanisms of resilience toward anthropogenic and climate-change-driven environmental stressors—water scarcity, heatwaves, and increased atmospheric greenhouse gases. This study integrates in situ measurements with culture-independent and enrichment-based investigations of methane-consuming microbiomes inhabiting soil in the Anza-Borrego Desert, a model arid ecosystem in Southern California, United States. The atmospheric methane consumption ranged between 2.26 to 12.73 μmol m2 h−1, peaking during the daytime at vegetated sites. Metagenomic studies revealed similar soil-microbiome compositions at vegetated and unvegetated sites, with Methylocaldum being the major methanotrophic clade. Eighty-four metagenome-assembled genomes were recovered, six represented by methanotrophic bacteria (three Methylocaldum, two Methylobacter, and uncultivated Methylococcaceae). The prevalence of copper-containing methane monooxygenases in metagenomic datasets suggests a diverse potential for methane oxidation in canonical methanotrophs and uncultivated Gammaproteobacteria. Five pure cultures of methanotrophic bacteria were obtained, including four Methylocaldum. Genomic analysis of Methylocaldum isolates and metagenome-assembled genomes revealed the presence of multiple stand-alone methane monooxygenase subunit C paralogs, which may have functions beyond methane oxidation. Furthermore, these methanotrophs have genetic signatures typically linked to symbiotic interactions with plants, including tryptophan synthesis and indole-3-acetic acid production. Based on in situ fluxes and soil microbiome compositions, we propose the existence of arid-soil reverse chimneys, an empowered methane sink represented by yet-to-be-defined cooperation between desert vegetation and methane-consuming microbiomes.","PeriodicalId":516554,"journal":{"name":"The ISME Journal","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiota contribute to regulation of the gut-testis axis in seasonal spermatogenesis","authors":"Zifang Wu, Long Li, Shaoxian Chen, Ye Gong, Yuyan Liu, Tianqi Jin, Yang Wang, Jie Tang, Qian Dong, Bangzhu Yang, Fangxia Yang, Wuzi Dong","doi":"10.1093/ismejo/wraf036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ismejo/wraf036","url":null,"abstract":"Seasonal breeding is an important adaptive strategy for animals. Recent studies have highlighted the potential role of the gut microbiota in reproductive health. However, the relationship between the gut microbiota and reproduction in seasonal breeders remains unclear. In this study, we selected a unique single food source animal, the flying squirrel (Trogopterus xanthipes), as a model organism for studying seasonal breeding. By integrating transcriptomic, metabolomic, and microbiome data, we comprehensively investigated the regulation of the gut-metabolism-testis axis in seasonal breeding. Here, we demonstrated a significant spermatogenic phenotype and highly active spermatogenic transcriptional characteristics in the testes of flying squirrels during the breeding season, which were associated with increased polyamine metabolism, primarily involving spermine and γ-amino butyric acid. Moreover, an enrichment of Ruminococcus was observed in the large intestine during the BS and may contribute to enhanced methionine biosynthesis in the gut. Similar changes in Ruminococcus abundance were also observed in several other seasonal breeders. These findings innovatively revealed that reshaping the gut microbiota regulates spermatogenesis in seasonal breeders through polyamine metabolism, highlighting the great potential of the gut-testis axis in livestock animal breeding and human health management.","PeriodicalId":516554,"journal":{"name":"The ISME Journal","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viroid-like “obelisk” agents are widespread in the ocean and exceed the abundance of RNA viruses in the prokaryotic fraction","authors":"Javier López-Simón, Marcos de la Peña, Manuel Martínez-García","doi":"10.1093/ismejo/wraf033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ismejo/wraf033","url":null,"abstract":"“Obelisks” are recently discovered RNA viroid-like elements present in diverse environments with no phylogenetic similarity to any known biological agent. Obelisks were first identified in the human gut and in a commensal bacterium acting as a replicative host. They have a circular ∼1 kb RNA genome, rod-like secondary structures, and the encoding of a protein superfamily called “Oblins”. We performed a large-scale search of Obelisks in the ocean using the Pebblescout program and the transcriptomic Sequence Archive Read databases, revealing the biogeography and abundance of these viroid-like RNA elements. We detected 45 Obelisk genomes resulting in 35 marine clusters at the species level. These Obelisks were detected in the prokaryotic fraction and to a lesser extent in the eukaryotic fraction, and distributed across all the oceans from surface to mesopelagic including the Arctic, and even in the coldest seawater of Earth beneath the Antarctic Ross Ice Shelf. The Obelisk hallmark protein Oblin-1 confirmed by 3D models was found in various marine samples. Some of the detected marine Obelisks harbour hammerhead self-cleaving ribozymes in both polarities. In the prokaryotic, but not the eukaryotic, fraction of the Tara Ocean dataset, relative abundance of Obelisks calculated by transcriptomic fragment recruitment indicated that they are abundant in marine samples, reaching or even exceeding the relative abundance of the previously discovered uncultured RNA viruses. In conclusion, Obelisks are abundant and widespread viroid-like elements that should be included in ocean biogeochemical models.","PeriodicalId":516554,"journal":{"name":"The ISME Journal","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Halophilic archaea produce wax esters and use an alternative fatty acyl-CoA reductase for precursor synthesis","authors":"Vincent Grossi, Philippe Cuny, Cécile Militon, Jerzy Witwinowski, Balkis Eddhif, Léa Sylvi, Mireille Nowakowski, Artemis Kosta, Ingrid Antheaume, Johan Cornil, Sarah Dubrac, Julia Kende, Simonetta Gribaldo, Guillaume Borrel","doi":"10.1093/ismejo/wraf035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ismejo/wraf035","url":null,"abstract":"Wax esters are fatty acid-based neutral lipids thought to be restricted to bacteria and eukaryotes that play a key role in the functioning and maintenance of cells, especially under adverse conditions. Here we show that several halophilic archaea (Halobacteriales) carry a homologue of the bacterial wax synthase gene. Wax ester synthesis and accumulation is demonstrated in one of these (poly)extremophilic archaea, Natronomonas pharaonis, during growth on long-chain fatty acids. Our bioinformatic analysis also shows that the synthesis of fatty alcohols required for wax ester synthesis could be performed by an enzyme evolutionarily related to class I 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR, classically involved in isoprenoid biosynthesis). Using heterologous expression and enzymatic assays, we show that this HMGR homolog, which we named FcrA (for fatty acyl-CoA reductase), reduces fatty acyl-CoA to fatty alcohol, but cannot reduce 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to mevalonate. The conservation of HMGR catalytic residues in FcrA suggests that the two enzymes have a similar catalytic mechanism, whereas an elongated substrate-binding pocket and distinct residues may explain FcrA’s selectivity for long chain fatty acyl-CoA. In addition to archaea, FcrA is present in a wide range of bacteria, including ~25% of those predicted to produce wax esters, and accounts for a large proportion of the fatty acyl-CoA reductases found in various environments. Challenging the long-held paradigm that archaea cannot biosynthesize fatty acid-based neutral lipids de novo, this study lays the foundations for further physiological, ecological, and biotechnological investigation of neutral lipid production by systems markedly different from those of eukaryotes and bacteria.","PeriodicalId":516554,"journal":{"name":"The ISME Journal","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143486071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon dioxide enhances Akkermansia muciniphila fitness and anti-obesity efficacy in high-fat diet mice","authors":"Xiangfeng Wang, Qianqian Yang, Changping Shi, Yuyang Wang, Dingming Guo, Xuchun Wan, Pengyuan Dong, Qianyao Zhang, Yueyan Hu, Ruilin Zhang, Hongju Yang, Weihua Chen, Zhi Liu","doi":"10.1093/ismejo/wraf034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ismejo/wraf034","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous studies and clinical applications have underscored the therapeutic potential of the indigenous gut bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila in various diseases. However, our understanding of how A. muciniphila senses and responds to host gastrointestinal signals remains limited. Here, we demonstrate that A. muciniphila exhibits rapid growth, facilitated by its self-produced carbon dioxide, with key enzymes such as glutamate decarboxylase, carbonic anhydrase, and pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase playing pivotal roles. Additionally, we design a novel delivery system, comprising calcium carbonate, inulin, A. muciniphila, and sodium alginate, which enhances A. muciniphila growth and facilitates the expression of part probiotic genes in mice intestinal milieu. Notably, the administration of this delivery system induces weight loss in mice fed high-fat diets. Furthermore, we elucidate the significant impact of carbon dioxide on the composition and functional genes of the human gut microbiota, with genes encoding carbonic anhydrase and amino acid metabolism enzymes exhibiting heightened responsiveness. These findings reveal a novel mechanism by which gut commensal bacteria sense and respond to gaseous molecules, thereby promoting growth. Moreover, they suggest the potential for designing rational therapeutic strategies utilizing live bacterial delivery systems to enhance probiotic growth and ameliorate gut microbiota-related diseases.","PeriodicalId":516554,"journal":{"name":"The ISME Journal","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wide-ranging organic nitrogen diets of freshwater Picocyanobacteria","authors":"Elliot Druce, Stephen C Maberly, Patricia Sánchez-Baracaldo","doi":"10.1093/ismejo/wrae236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ismejo/wrae236","url":null,"abstract":"Freshwater picocyanobacteria (Syn/Pro clade) contribute substantially to the primary production of inland waters, especially when nitrogen is limiting or co-limiting. Nevertheless, they remain poorly understood ecologically and genomically, with research on their nitrogen acquisition mainly focused on inorganic sources. However, dissolved organic nitrogen is often a major component of the freshwater nitrogen pool and it is increasingly evident that many forms are bioavailable. Comparative genomic analyses, axenic growth assays, and proteomic analyses were used here to investigate organic nitrogen acquisition mechanisms in the Syn/Pro clade. Comparative analysis of the genomes of 295 freshwater and marine strains of picocyanobacteria identified a large diversity of amino acid transporters, the absence of degradation pathways for five amino acids (asparagine, phenylalanine, serine, tryptophan, and tyrosine), and alternative mechanisms for chitin assimilation (direct chitin catabolise vs initial acetylation to chitosan and subsequent degradation). Growth assays demonstrated the widespread bioavailability of amino acids, including basic amino acids though the known basic amino acid transporter is not encoded. This suggests further genetic components are involved, either through extracellular catabolism or the presence of novel transporters. Proteomic analysis demonstrates the dual utilisation of nitrogen and carbon from the amino acid substrate and provides evidence for a mild stress response through the up-regulation of lysine biosynthesis and FtsH1, potentially caused by accumulation of secondary metabolites. Our results are relevant to understanding how picocyanobacteria have come to thrive in dissolved organic nitrogen-rich oligotrophic environments and explores how their different molecular capabilities may influence communities between habitats.","PeriodicalId":516554,"journal":{"name":"The ISME Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}