Substance use & addiction journal最新文献

{"title":"Co-Design of a Digital Health Tool for Use by Individuals With Opioid Use Disorder: App4Independence (A4i-O).","authors":"Jessica N D'Arcey, Leah Tackaberry-Giddens, Sana Junaid, Wenjia Zhou, Lena Quilty, Matthew Sloan, Sean A Kidd","doi":"10.1177/29767342241258915","DOIUrl":"10.1177/29767342241258915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Opioid use disorder (OUD) has arguably the highest mortality rate of mental health conditions; opiate-related deaths are identified as the number one cause of accidental deaths in Canada and the United States. Specialized care for OUD is often described as lacking, fractured, and with frequent periods of disengagement. Digital health strategies may support connection to evidence-based resources even during periods of disengagement. However, sustained engagement in digital interventions remains a barrier, and as such, experts recommend using co-design approaches to develop interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The current study outlines the results from a qualitative co-design project that engaged 6 lived experts and 8 clinical experts in a series of focus groups and interviews to adapt an existing intervention for use in OUD. Focus groups and interviews were recorded and transcribed before undergoing thematic analysis. This co-design process is the first stage of a larger project that will lead to the development of a novel digital health intervention for OUD populations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Transcripts underwent thematic analysis, and themes were divided into Crosscutting Themes, Feasibility and Engagement, and Specific Features. Each theme was divided into specific subthemes, which were reviewed by the design team and informed the design of the digital health platform. Key resulting directions included creating a psychologically safe digital space, curating resources for OUD as a multifaceted condition, and being mindful of barriers to implementation from both lived and clinical expert perspectives. Specific features are discussed in detail in the article.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lived experts and clinicians strongly supported integrating digital tools into OUD care. Ongoing work is needed to better understand the role of technology in existing OUD structures as well as the implementation of key features such as digital peer support and creating effective and safe social connections. This study also validates co-design as an essential step in digital health development.</p>","PeriodicalId":516535,"journal":{"name":"Substance use & addiction journal","volume":" ","pages":"490-502"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141794490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Impact of Eliminating the X Waiver on Buprenorphine Dispensation in 63 Counties in Pennsylvania.","authors":"Rebecca C Bilden, Mark S Roberts, Bradley D Stein, Daniel B Jones","doi":"10.1177/29767342241303583","DOIUrl":"10.1177/29767342241303583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Opioid overdose rates continue to rise in the United States while access to treatment options remains limited. The X waiver, which allowed clinicians to prescribe buprenorphine, a medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), in an outpatient setting, was eliminated in December 2022 with hopes of increasing buprenorphine access. We used a quasi-experimental approach to evaluate how eliminating the X waiver affected buprenorphine prescribing in Pennsylvania.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Drawing on Pennsylvania Prescription Drug Monitoring Program data from July 1, 2016, to December 31, 2023, we used a difference-in-differences (DD) approach to assess changes in buprenorphine prescribing between Pennsylvania counties with the proportion of X-waivered providers per county population above the median versus counties with the proportion below the median, before and after the elimination of the X waiver. We also tested whether areas most affected by the opioid epidemic with the highest rates of opioid overdose were more impacted by the X-waiver elimination, using opioid overdose death rates from a pretreatment baseline period (2016-2018) for each county.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-one counties were categorized as above the median and 32 as below the median. We did not observe a significant difference in the effects of eliminating the X waiver on buprenorphine dispensation (DD estimate: -0.6%, 95% CI: -7.5%-6.2%) between above versus below-the-median counties in Pennsylvania. We also did not find a significant effect of the X-waiver elimination on buprenorphine dispensation in counties most affected by the opioid epidemic (difference-in-difference-in-differences estimate 1.6%, 95% CI: -10.2%-13.4%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found no evidence that eliminating the X waiver had a significant impact on buprenorphine dispensing in Pennsylvania in counties with fewer waivered prescribers or higher fatal overdose rates. Additional efforts to increase buprenorphine use will likely need to address systemic barriers and stigma limiting MOUD access.</p>","PeriodicalId":516535,"journal":{"name":"Substance use & addiction journal","volume":" ","pages":"503-509"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142831435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weighing Risks and Benefits: Patient Perceptions on Using Medications for Opioid Use Disorder During and After Pregnancy.","authors":"Anna E Eitel, Christin Mujica, Marie A Hayes, Constance Guille, Aimee McRae-Clark, Sara M Witcraft","doi":"10.1177/29767342251326344","DOIUrl":"10.1177/29767342251326344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Opioid use disorder (OUD) among pregnant and postpartum persons has increased in the last 20 years and poses risks to both birthing parent and fetus/child. Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) can reduce these risks, yet engagement is limited among pregnant and postpartum persons with over half discontinuing in the postpartum year. Little research has explored pregnant and postpartum persons' reasons for using MOUD in pregnancy and decisions around (dis)continuing after childbirth. We sought to gain a deeper understanding of the reasons pregnant and postpartum persons use MOUD in pregnancy and motivations for continued use or discontinuation postpartum.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individual interviews (n = 4) and focus groups (2 focus groups with total n = 6) were conducted with 10 participants with OUD aged 18 to 45 years who were currently pregnant (50%) or postpartum (50%) and had been treated with MOUD. Interviews and focus groups were transcribed, and a codebook was iteratively created using thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five themes and 7 subthemes emerged within 2 domains representing experiences with MOUD during pregnancy (domain 1) and postpartum (domain 2). Participants were highly motivated toward MOUD in pregnancy for the benefits to themselves and their unborn children but acknowledged several drawbacks including the possibility of fetal/neonatal withdrawal. Reasons for MOUD use postpartum shifted toward improving maternal mental health and parenting. Several participants anticipated eventually tapering MOUD within the postpartum year as they no longer saw a distinct need for it.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite perceived risks, pregnant and postpartum persons with OUD have many motivations to use MOUD during pregnancy that may shift in the postpartum period. Our findings underscore the importance of education and shared decision-making and emphasize the need for leveraging pre- and postnatal motivation for MOUD during these conversations and throughout course of treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":516535,"journal":{"name":"Substance use & addiction journal","volume":" ","pages":"665-674"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Unsolved Problem of Attrition Rates on Randomized Clinical Trials for Cocaine Use Disorders: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Amanda Bernardino Sinatora, Daniela Mendes Chiloff, Juliana P M Santos, Kevin Y Xu, Vitor S Tardelli, Thiago Marques Fidalgo","doi":"10.1177/29767342251326374","DOIUrl":"10.1177/29767342251326374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a significant and insufficiently studied public health issue, especially considering that the global prevalence of CUD is estimated to be higher than ever. There is still no consensus on effective treatments for CUD. Important barriers for research in the field include the high attrition levels observed in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for CUD treatment and the lack of emphasis on methods to reduce attrition in CUD RCTs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The goal of this study was to systematically review over 2 decades of CUD RCTs, with the objective of evaluating the reporting of attrition bias and methods used to mitigate attrition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our scoping review extracted information from 106 RCTs, of which only 82 explicitly evaluated attrition as an outcome. Thirty-eight studies had an attrition rate above 50%, and five 16 studies had medium attrition bias, 6% to 19%. The remaining 68 had large attrition bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Across all included studies, discussion of attrition as a limitation was uncommon. Overall, these analyses suggest that most RCTs evaluating CUD treatments have not adequately accounted for attrition in their analyses or employed approaches to mitigate attrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":516535,"journal":{"name":"Substance use & addiction journal","volume":" ","pages":"757-782"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12255229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex and Gender Differences in Weight-Related Biopsychosocial Factors Among Adults Receiving Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder.","authors":"Anna Beth Parlier-Ahmad, Taylor A Ochalek, Melanie K Bean, Susan E Wolver, Salvatore Carbone, Leila Z Islam, F Gerard Moeller, Caitlin E Martin","doi":"10.1177/29767342241303220","DOIUrl":"10.1177/29767342241303220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is the most efficacious treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). MOUD uptake and continuation may be impacted by health concerns, including weight gain, and social factors, such as food insecurity, that vary between men and women. This study aimed to describe sex and gender differences in body mass index (BMI) and weight-related demographic, psychosocial, and clinical characteristics among adults receiving buprenorphine for OUD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This secondary analysis used data from a cross-sectional survey and prospective medical record review study among adults (n = 77 female, n = 66 male) engaged in outpatient treatment receiving buprenorphine for OUD. Survey items assessed weight-related demographic and psychosocial variables. Clinical factors were collected via chart abstraction. Comparisons between male and female participants were made using χ², Mann Whitney <i>U</i>, and <i>t</i>-tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most participants were non-Latinx, Black (69.9%), with a mean age of 43.3 ± 12.3 years. Among females, 2.6% had a BMI <18.5 kg/m², 32.5% had a BMI from 18.5 kg/m² to <25 kg/m², 35.1% had a BMI from 25 kg/m² to <30, and 29.9% had a BMI of 30 kg/m² or higher. Among males, 1.5% had a BMI <18.5 kg/m², 43.9% had a BMI from 18.5 kg/m² to <25 kg/m², 36.4% had a BMI from 25 kg/m² to <30, and 18.2% had a BMI of 30 kg/m² or higher. Females had a higher median BMI than males (27.4 kg/m² [IQR: 23.3-32.1] vs 25.5 kg/m² [IQR: 22.2-29.4], <i>P</i> = .041). Females were more likely than males to be unemployed, receive nutrition-based public assistance, and be prescribed psychotropic medication.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Females had a greater BMI than males and experienced more weight-related social and clinical vulnerabilities. Understanding weight-related sex and gender differences in this population is important for informing multidisciplinary treatment approaches that promote MOUD uptake and continuation and center overall health in people with OUD.</p>","PeriodicalId":516535,"journal":{"name":"Substance use & addiction journal","volume":" ","pages":"541-549"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142831451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis Marketing Strategies in the United States: A Descriptive Analysis of Four Prominent Companies.","authors":"Cassidy R LoParco, Yuxian Cui, Darcey M McCready, Matthew E Rossheim, Julia Chen-Sankey, Afrah Howlader, Anna Fergnani, Deqa Mumin, Scott Burris, Carla J Berg","doi":"10.1177/29767342251313860","DOIUrl":"10.1177/29767342251313860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Given the substantial expansion of the US cannabis market and the impact of cannabis advertising exposure on use, cannabis marketing surveillance is needed to inform regulations and protect consumers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using 2020-2021 Vivvix advertising data from 4 US cannabis companies (Cresco, Mindy's, MedMen, and Uncle Ike's), we examined (1) general advertising characteristics (eg, number of unique ads and ad occurrences, ad expenditures, market, and media channel); and (2) ad content (ie, headlines and imagery) and placement (ie, source themes, eg, specific websites and magazines), overall and by company.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 399 unique ads and 1171 occurrences, totaling $488,617 in expenditures. Cresco and Uncle Ike's accounted for most unique ads (~45% each); Cresco represented the majority of ad occurrences (52.4%) and expenditures (63.4%). Most ads were disseminated via online displays (occurrences = 69.2%; expenditures = 45.8%). The primary source for ad dissemination was news/weather (occurrences = 36.3%; expenditures = 40.2%). Ad headlines most frequently emphasized product type (occurrences = 40.1%; expenditures = 37.0%). Visual strategies to attract attention included gifs (occurrences = 63.6%; expenditures = 71.1%). Companies differed in their marketing strategies (ie, volume, markets, channels, and content).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings underscore the need to restrict cannabis marketing, for example, restricting ad content and marketing channels. This may reduce exposure to cannabis marketing, which is associated with cannabis perceptions and use.</p>","PeriodicalId":516535,"journal":{"name":"Substance use & addiction journal","volume":" ","pages":"601-611"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: Dust Remover Inhalant Use Disorder in an Individual in Early Remission from Alcohol Use Disorder Treated with Naltrexone.","authors":"India A Reddy, Javier Ballester","doi":"10.1177/29767342241297436","DOIUrl":"10.1177/29767342241297436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inhalants are a very diverse class of substances with a highly prevalent recreational use. Difluroethane (DFE) is a psychoactive ingredient present in several propellants and dust remover products. Past reports have described the toxicological effects of this compound, but its addictive potential is poorly described in the literature.</p><p><strong>Case: </strong>We present a case report (N = 1) of an adult man who very rapidly developed a severe inhalant use disorder (IUD), in the context of an early remission of an alcohol use disorder (AUD). He received treatment with naltrexone in a residential treatment program. He provided verbal and written consent for the publication of this case report.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This is the first follow-up case of dust remover-IUD treated with naltrexone described in the literature. This case is clinically important for several reasons, including its atypical age of presentation, rapid progression, medical consequences, and positive response to multimodal treatment. The easy availability and lack of regulation of many inhalants, such as DFE, combined with the inability to be detected in regular screening tests, make this phenomenon a potential public health threat. We hypothesize that, consistent with previous reports, there might be a common neurobiological signature between AUD and IUD.</p>","PeriodicalId":516535,"journal":{"name":"Substance use & addiction journal","volume":" ","pages":"718-721"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empowering Change: From Evidence to Action in Addiction Care and Research-Overview and Proceedings of the AMERSA 2024 Conference.","authors":"Elizabeth Salisbury-Afshar, Megan Buresh, Bradley M Buchheit, Rachel McCart, Deborah S Finnell","doi":"10.1177/29767342251320201","DOIUrl":"10.1177/29767342251320201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This commentary provides an overview of the 2024 Association of Multidisciplinary Education and Research in Substance Use and Addiction annual conference: Empowering Change: From Evidence to Action in Addiction Care and Research, held from November 14 to 16, 2024, in Chicago. The conference featured 16 interactive workshops, 166 oral abstract presentations, and 120 poster presentations. From the preconference workshop to plenary sessions, paper, and poster presentations, there was a focus on practical approaches to implementing evidence-based practices in a variety of settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":516535,"journal":{"name":"Substance use & addiction journal","volume":" ","pages":"480-489"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Employment Trajectories of Recently Certified Peer Support Specialists: A Longitudinal Qualitative Analysis.","authors":"Elizabeth Siantz, Morgan Pelot, Laysha Ostrow","doi":"10.1177/29767342251322243","DOIUrl":"10.1177/29767342251322243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent work has highlighted the challenges and benefits that certified peer specialists (CPSs) experience in the workforce. While their work can lead to personal fulfillment and financial independence for CPSs, and improved mental health and substance use recovery outcomes for their clients, little is known about CPS employment trajectories or the circumstances that impact their early-career workforce involvement over time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used within- and across-case analyses of longitudinal data from qualitative interviews with 13 CPS that participated in a multistate, 3 year observational prospective cohort study of CPS graduates to explore employment changes and circumstances that led to these transitions. Qualitative results were organized according to whether cases were \"employed as a CPS at follow-up\" (N = 5) or \"not employed as CPS at follow-up\" (N = 8).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants \"employed as a CPS\" at follow-up held various positions following certification, and they shared a sense of optimism about their future work. At the second interview, most remained in the same positions they held at baseline and described personal fulfillment and a supportive work environment as reasons for remaining. Participants who were \"not employed as a CPS\" at follow-up were also not employed as a CPS at their baseline interview but aspired to pursue future CPS work. At their second interview, many remained unemployed due to poor health and disability, or described past traumatic experiences, stress, and burnout related to being a CPS as reasons for leaving the CPS work force. All participants were challenged to find work as a CPS at various moments in their trajectories.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results indicate that securing employment as a CPS was challenging for participants. Findings are discussed with implications for supporting CPS job seeking, well-being, and workforce retention.</p>","PeriodicalId":516535,"journal":{"name":"Substance use & addiction journal","volume":" ","pages":"624-632"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12320789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Effectiveness of Buprenorphine/Naloxone and Methadone on Methamphetamine/Amphetamine Use Among People with Opioid Use Disorder in Canada.","authors":"Jenna Langlois, Nadia Fairbairn, Didier Jutras-Aswad, Bernard Le Foll, Keith Ahamad, Ron Lim, M Eugenia Socías","doi":"10.1177/29767342241298044","DOIUrl":"10.1177/29767342241298044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It has been suggested that opioid agonist therapy (OAT) may have a secondary benefit of reducing methamphetamine/amphetamine use. However, current evidence is limited and conflicting, and little is known on the impacts of different OATs on methamphetamine/amphetamine use. The aim of this study was to examine the comparative effectiveness of buprenorphine/naloxone and methadone on methamphetamine/amphetamine use among individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) initiating OAT in Canada.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data for this study were derived from a 24-week pan-Canadian pragmatic trial conducted between 2017 and 2020 comparing supervised methadone versus flexible take-home dosing buprenorphine/naloxone models of care among OUD. Generalized linear mixed models were used to evaluate the independent effect of treatment (ie, methadone or buprenorphine/naloxone) and time in treatment (ie, week 2 through 24, continuous) on methamphetamine/amphetamine use (measured by urine drug test and self-report using Timeline Follow-Back).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample included 210 participants that initiated OAT, of which 130 (61.9%) were using methamphetamine/amphetamine at baseline. In multivariable analysis, neither treatment nor time in treatment were significantly associated with the odds of methamphetamine/amphetamine use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.34-1.08, <i>P</i> = .092; and AOR = 0.73, CI = 0.40-1.28, <i>P</i> = .283, respectively). No interaction between treatment and time in treatment was observed for methamphetamine/amphetamine use (<i>P</i> = .367).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Methamphetamine/amphetamine use was common among this sample of people with OUD initiating OAT in Canada. Over the 24-week study period, buprenorphine/naloxone and methadone were not associated with a quantifiable change in methamphetamine/amphetamine use among this sample population. The observation of less methamphetamine/amphetamine use in the buprenorphine/naloxone arm warrants further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":516535,"journal":{"name":"Substance use & addiction journal","volume":" ","pages":"518-530"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}