Substance use & addiction journal最新文献

{"title":"Framework to Action: Developing and Implementing a Statewide Network to Expand Opioid Treatment Access Using SHIFT-Evidence in Texas.","authors":"Carma Deem Bolton, Erin P Finley, Tara Karns-Wright, Jennifer S Potter","doi":"10.1177/29767342241297435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/29767342241297435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Texas, the expansion of access to effective treatments for opioid use disorder remains a significant public health challenge. This study aimed to demonstrate the application of the Successful Healthcare Improvement from Translating Evidence in Complex Systems (SHIFT-Evidence) framework in developing and implementing a statewide network for office-based opioid treatment (OBOT) to underserved populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified systemic gaps in access to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) across Texas, using a targeted needs assessment of barriers and facilitators to buprenorphine prescribing. Findings were integrated into a planning template based on SHIFT-Evidence, which guided the identification of additional barriers across the health care system and iterative selection of strategies to address implementation barriers at multiple health care system levels, drawing on the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change taxonomy. Strategies were prioritized based on feasibility and impact. To evaluate the program's effectiveness in expanding access to MOUD, we conducted a descriptive analysis of data from the Texas Department of State Health Services' Clinical Management for Behavioral Health Services data system to assess geographic reach and clients served within the program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Applying SHIFT-Evidence provided a structured process for identifying key barriers occurring at multiple levels (patient, prescriber, and prescriber organization) and selecting tailored strategies to address each. This approach supported the successful development and expansion of an OBOT provider network, increasing access to treatment services from 6 provider organizations (10 locations) serving 52 clients in fiscal year 2019 to 23 provider organizations (48 locations) serving 1311 clients in fiscal year 2023.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The comprehensive, multilevel approach supported by the application of SHIFT-Evidence effectively facilitated prioritization and planning to address systemic gaps across multiple health care system levels. The successful enhancement of treatment access highlights the framework's utility in supporting improvements within complex health care systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":516535,"journal":{"name":"Substance use & addiction journal","volume":"46 3","pages":"550-558"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144319140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medications for Opioid Use Disorder: Patients' Experience, Knowledge, and Preferences in the Era of Illicitly Manufactured Fentanyl.","authors":"Sarah Casey, Sydney Mcgovern, Susan Regan, Sarah E Wakeman","doi":"10.1177/29767342251326339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/29767342251326339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Illicitly manufactured fentanyl (IMF) presence has increased reports of buprenorphine precipitated withdrawal and may impact medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) experiences and preferences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional survey administered by a clinical research coordinator of adults treated by an addiction consult team or bridge clinic who had prior experience with MOUD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 100 respondents surveyed, 36% identified as female, 11% black, 9% Hispanic, 79% white, 29% had stable housing, 93% used fentanyl, and 65% injected commonly. 51% were currently treated with methadone, 41% were currently treated with sublingual buprenorphine, 12% were currently treated with extended-release buprenorphine, and 1% were currently treated with extended-release naltrexone. Most reported their current MOUD managed withdrawal and cravings well; 83.7% for methadone, 70.4% for sublingual buprenorphine, and 91.7% for extended-release buprenorphine. 75.8% of participants who tried buprenorphine reported ever experiencing precipitated withdrawal. Even so, 43.1% of those not being treated with buprenorphine were willing to start. Two-thirds reported cravings or withdrawal had worsened since IMF and 55% said IMF impacted MOUD decision making; however, 59% did not feel more worried about taking MOUD since IMF. Most (86%) had heard about low-dose buprenorphine initiation, 52.3% of those who had heard of it had tried it, and 57.8% reported positive experiences. 40% had heard of high-dose buprenorphine, 60% of those tried it, and 54.2% had positive experiences. The factors most likely to increase participants' willingness to start MOUD were immediate access (85%), rapid titration (87%), hearing positive things from friends (82%), and getting MOUD from their doctor (63%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite IMF impacting withdrawal, cravings, and MOUD decision making, most patients felt MOUD managed symptoms well. Experiences with alternative buprenorphine initiations were positive. Access to low-barrier treatment with immediate medication initiation, aggressive dose escalation, office-based treatment, and peer-based messaging around MOUD may increase treatment uptake.</p>","PeriodicalId":516535,"journal":{"name":"Substance use & addiction journal","volume":"46 3","pages":"695-703"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144319141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the Relationship Between Physical Activity and Unhealthy Alcohol Use in the General Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Marianthi Lousiana Deligianni, Joseph Studer, Nicolas Bertholet","doi":"10.1177/29767342251323782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/29767342251323782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Numerous studies documented an unexpected association between physical activity (PA) and alcohol use, suggesting that higher rates of PA may be linked to increased alcohol use. Evidence is lacking on factors explaining this relation. This study investigated cross-sectional associations between time devoted to different domains of PA and unhealthy alcohol use and tested whether these associations differed by age and sex.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were drawn from the 2017 Swiss Health Survey. Participants (N = 17 328) are representative of the Swiss population and provided information on 3 PA-domains (hours/day of sport/exercise, leisure, and commuting) and unhealthy alcohol use (chronic risky drinking [≥20 g mean daily ethanol for women; ≥40 g for men], heavy episodic drinking [≥1 occasion/month with ≥40 g for women/≥50 g for men]). Logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between hours/day spent on the 3 PA-domains and unhealthy alcohol use and to test interactions between PA-domains and sex and age separately. All models were adjusted for tobacco use, body mass index, and demographics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hours/day of leisure PA was positively associated with chronic risky drinking (OR = 1.06, <i>P</i> = .030). Hours/day of sport/exercise PA was positively associated with heavy episodic drinking (OR = 1.12, <i>P</i> = .007). No significant association was found for commuting PA. There was a significant interaction between sport/exercise PA and age on heavy episodic drinking (<i>P</i> < .001). Age-stratified analyses revealed positive associations for participants aged 18 to <25 (OR = 1.44, <i>P</i> < .001), 25 to <35 (OR = 1.23, <i>P</i> = .019), and ≥75 (OR = 1.74, <i>P</i> = .003), negative for participants aged 35 to <45 (OR = 0.73, <i>P</i> = .019), and nonsignificant associations for participants aged 45 to <55 (OR = 0.96, <i>P</i> = .720), 55 to <65 (OR = 0.99, <i>P</i> = .909), and 65 to <75 (OR = 1.05, <i>P</i> = .713).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results highlight the importance to account for PA-domains and alcohol use patterns when studying the PA-alcohol relationship. Associations between sport/exercise and heavy episodic drinking differed by age, possibly reflecting the socio-environmental context's impact across the lifespan. Findings may have implications for alcohol screening and interventions among physically active people.</p>","PeriodicalId":516535,"journal":{"name":"Substance use & addiction journal","volume":"46 3","pages":"654-664"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144319142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Staff and Providers' Perceptions of Patients' PrEP Candidacy, Acceptability, and Adherence in Methadone Clinic Settings.","authors":"Jessica Jaiswal, Benjamin Grin, Kelly Gagnon, Tejossy John, Suzan Walters, Marybec Griffin, Emma Kay","doi":"10.1177/29767342241288981","DOIUrl":"10.1177/29767342241288981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>People who use drugs and patients in substance use treatment may be placed at high risk for HIV due to mixing sex and drugs, potential engagement in sex work, and injection drug use. However, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) adoption among these populations remains low. Methadone clinics, a main point of contact with the healthcare system for this population, are a missed opportunity to offer biomedical HIV prevention. Understanding provider and staff perceptions of patients' PrEP-related candidacy, acceptability, and adherence is a critical first step to informing PrEP implementation in substance use treatment settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty semistructured interviews were conducted at 2 methadone clinics in Northern New Jersey between January and April 2019. Participants included methadone counselors, medical providers, front desk staff, intake coordinators, and other clinic staff members.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three major themes were identified: (1) provider and staff's perceptions of who would benefit most from PrEP, (2) perceptions of patients' acceptability of PrEP, and (3) perceptions of patients' ability to take a pill every day. Broadly, staff perceived younger patients to be better PrEP candidates than older patients, expressed cautious optimism that PrEP would be acceptable to their patient populations, and were mixed in terms of their perceptions of patients' ability to adhere to PrEP. Notably, staff largely did not mention patients who inject drugs as potential PrEP candidates, suggesting a missed opportunity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To promote PrEP implementation in methadone clinics, staff and providers should receive training around screening for PrEP eligibility in order to maximize the benefits of PrEP for various subpopulations, especially those who inject. Importantly, discussions around sexual behavior and injection drug use must be approached in an open, non-stigmatizing manner. These findings can be used to inform future interventions to integrate PrEP services into substance use treatment settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":516535,"journal":{"name":"Substance use & addiction journal","volume":" ","pages":"510-517"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12170915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Spatial and Temporal Variation in Opioid-Related Incidents and Risk Factors in Lowell, Massachusetts, from 2011 to 2022: A Bayesian Spatial-Temporal Approach.","authors":"Kehe Zhang, Jack Cordes, Cici Bauer, Thomas J Stopka, Shikhar Shrestha","doi":"10.1177/29767342251323065","DOIUrl":"10.1177/29767342251323065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Lowell, Massachusetts, has been severely impacted by the opioid-related overdose crisis. Utilizing emergency medical services (EMS) data can inform local interventions by identifying opioid-related incidents (ORIs) with shorter lags in reporting. Our objective was to identify spatial and temporal variation in ORI and investigate its association with underlying socioeconomic indicators by coupling EMS data with Bayesian spatial-temporal analyses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We obtained data on ORI occurrences within the City of Lowell from January 2011 to June 2022 from Pridestar Trinity EMS. The ORI occurrences were aggregated by month and census tracts. We gathered American Community Survey 5-year estimates (2011-2022) for census-tract percentages of white, black, Hispanic, poverty, unemployed, bachelor's degree, and rent-burdened populations. Using these data, we constructed a Bayesian spatial-temporal Poisson model to identify associations between quarterly ORI rates and these tract-level measures, along with seasonal effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ORI rates in Lowell rose from 20 per 10,000 people in 2011 to 93 per 10,000 people in 2018, stabilizing around 60 per 10,000 people from 2019 to 2021, with annual peaks between July through September. Downtown Lowell had consistently higher ORI rates, which extended north-south after 2016. Census tracts with higher percentage of black (relative risk = 1.008; 95% credible interval [1.002, 1.014]) and Hispanic populations (1.014 [1.009, 1.018]) were associated with higher ORI rates. Higher rent burden (1.103 [1.095, 1.11]) and poverty rates (1.02 [1.015, 1.025]) were positively associated with ORI rates, while unemployment rates were inversely associated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ORI rates in Lowell were associated with community-level sociodemographic factors and exhibited clear seasonal patterns. These findings could inform local prevention and response planning strategies for near-real-time ORI spike detection in communities to mitigate the impact of opioid overdose.</p>","PeriodicalId":516535,"journal":{"name":"Substance use & addiction journal","volume":" ","pages":"675-685"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitudes and Perspectives of Service Providers on Persons Who Use Stimulants in Northern and Central Mexico.","authors":"Claudia Rafful, Leonardo Jiménez-Rivagorza, Daniela Peralta, María Elena Medina-Mora, Andrés Mota","doi":"10.1177/29767342241311665","DOIUrl":"10.1177/29767342241311665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Methamphetamine and other stimulant use are increasing across Mexico while treatment options and public funding remain scarce for substance use treatment. This study examined the attitudes and perspectives of service providers who work with persons who use stimulants in Mexico.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with 20 service providers in diverse cities in the northern and central regions of Mexico, from healthcare centers and harm reduction community-based organizations (CBOs). All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and de-identified. We conducted a thematic analysis to identify and compare common themes and patterns among participants, including portrayal of persons who use stimulants, dynamics of use, attitudes toward persons who use stimulants, and treatment availability and effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>First, service providers considered that persons who use stimulants have more complex backgrounds than others who use other substances. Second, although most providers mentioned trauma, pain, and the risk environment, CBO providers also stressed the importance of accounting for hedonism for understanding stimulant use trajectories. Third, treatment options are based on the type of services the institutions provide, usually constrained to guidelines for any substance use. In a few cases, cocaine treatment guidelines are used regardless of the type of stimulant used. Fourth, although health care services are abstinence-based, providers acknowledge the effectiveness of harm reduction approaches. In contrast, CBOs provide person-centered options.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, although service providers are aware of the increase in stimulant use, stigmatizing attitudes are prominent among some of them. However, providers in CBOs were more sensitized to their communities' specific needs. Public policy recommendations include training to eliminate institutional stigmatization, the importance of first-person language, harm reduction effectiveness, and implementing community-based interventions to improve stimulant use-related services.</p>","PeriodicalId":516535,"journal":{"name":"Substance use & addiction journal","volume":" ","pages":"570-580"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Plant-Based Nutrition for Patients with Substance Use Disorders: A Scoping Review of Dietary Intake and Potential Applications.","authors":"Joshua E Lewis, Kelly Georgestone, Chiedza Mutindori, Ernst J Nicanord","doi":"10.1177/29767342251323361","DOIUrl":"10.1177/29767342251323361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Substance use disorders (SUDs) represent a significant global public health challenge, with affected individuals often exhibiting poor dietary habits, nutritional deficiencies, and compromised mental and physical health. This scoping review evaluates existing literature on dietary intake in individuals with SUDs, focusing on the potential benefits of plant-based dietary interventions for improving nutritional status and supporting recovery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Four databases were searched using PICO-based terms, targeting studies assessing dietary intake in patients with SUD, particularly plant-based interventions. Inclusion criteria were studies reporting macro- and micronutrient intake among patients with SUD, while studies lacking direct dietary intake data were excluded. Study quality was appraised using the STROBE checklist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search yielded 1142 potential articles, with 6 meeting inclusion criteria (4 from the United States and 2 from Iran). Patients with SUD exhibited significant deficiencies in iron (-16.8%, <i>P</i> = .04), folate (-15.0%, <i>P</i> = .04), and vitamins E and A, alongside diets high in simple carbohydrates and unhealthy processed foods. Plant-based dietary interventions were associated with improved Healthy Eating Index scores (<i>P</i> < .001), increased resilience (+31%, <i>P</i> = .031), and enhanced self-esteem (<i>P</i> = .043). High energy intake and low multivitamin use were reported among methadone-treated patients, emphasizing the need for dietary interventions to address nutrient gaps and support recovery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Plant-based dietary interventions may offer a promising strategy to address nutrient deficiencies and improve mental health outcomes in patients with SUD. However, studies are limited, with small sample sizes and variability in dietary assessments. Future research, including randomized controlled trials, is needed to establish the efficacy and feasibility of integrating plant-based nutrition into SUD treatment programs. Addressing barriers such as socioeconomic challenges and food access is also crucial for implementing effective dietary interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":516535,"journal":{"name":"Substance use & addiction journal","volume":" ","pages":"746-756"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Buprenorphine Retention Report to Measure Opioid Use Disorder Care Metrics and Guide Outreach.","authors":"Emily Hazelton, Meaghan Mugleston, Sheena Bilmas, Anina Terry, Richard C Waters","doi":"10.1177/29767342251341709","DOIUrl":"10.1177/29767342251341709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As opioid overdose rates remain high, systems-level tools are needed to monitor and improve the quality of care for opioid use disorder treatment. Although retention in care is a commonly used metric, the concept is variably defined in the literature, and clinics may not have real-time access to their own retention data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We designed a Structured Query Language (SQL)-based reporting tool to provide real-time and summative metrics related to buprenorphine retention. A retrospective observational design is used to characterize the summative metrics for an urban network of community health centers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 569 patients started on buprenorphine between June 2020 and June 2022, by June 2023, 17% of patients remained actively engaged, 3% recently engaged, and 80% disengaged. Of those who disengaged, 55.4% did so after 3 or less prescriptions. The median duration of care was 5.3 months for all patients and 26.8 months for the 97 actively engaged patients. The median percentage of days covered by a buprenorphine prescription was 77.2% for actively engaged patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Implementation of the SQL report has given the clinic network access to real-time, nuanced buprenorphine retention data and has guided targeted patient outreach.</p>","PeriodicalId":516535,"journal":{"name":"Substance use & addiction journal","volume":" ","pages":"29767342251341709"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Lookout Project: A Student-Run Mail-Based Overdose Response Kit Distribution Program Through Social Media During COVID-19.","authors":"Shelby A Shaughnessy, Katherine C Hankes, Victoria Garrow, John A Hopper, Chin Hwa Dahlem","doi":"10.1177/29767342241288985","DOIUrl":"10.1177/29767342241288985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Naloxone distribution and overdose education are key preventive strategies to reduce opioid overdose deaths. This paper describes the development and evaluation of The Lookout Project (TLP), a 501(c)(3) organization led by college students and based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. This research aimed to examine the outreach of TLP with hopes of creating a reproducible mail-based kit distribution program for college student-run organizations to replicate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>TLP used a targeted social media advertising campaign to ask participants 7 multiple-choice questions concerning their demographics, previous incarcerations, experiences with intranasal naloxone (IN), and if they had watched the optional informational video in the opioid overdose response kit (OORK) order form.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TLP's team distributed over 900 OORKs from August 3, 2020, to January 4, 2022, first by word of mouth and then through social media advertising that began on February 13, 2021. Of the 657 respondents who agreed to participate in research, the majority identified as white (76.0%, n = 400), did not identify with any specified ethnicity group (60.2%, n = 318), were female (60.8%, n = 356), were between the ages of 18 and 22 (35.4%, n = 209), had not been previously incarcerated (95.6%, n = 564), and did watch the hyperlinked video detailing how to respond to an overdose (74.7%, n = 438). Additionally, several kit recipients (2.8%, n = 19) responded to a follow-up survey. Of those, 7 people reported using the IN provided by TLP to reverse an overdose (36.8%, n = 7).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TLP, a nonprofit organization founded by college students, shows potential for informing other student-run organizations about naloxone distribution programs using social media advertising.</p>","PeriodicalId":516535,"journal":{"name":"Substance use & addiction journal","volume":" ","pages":"364-368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State Policies Targeting Patient Brokering and Deceptive Marketing of Substance Use Disorder Treatment.","authors":"Melissa M Garrido, Kiersten Strombotne, PhiYen Nguyen, Steven D Pizer, Austin B Frakt","doi":"10.1177/29767342241279194","DOIUrl":"10.1177/29767342241279194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To characterize state laws targeting patient brokering and deceptive marketing of substance use disorder (SUD) treatment.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Patient brokering and deceptive marketing of SUD treatment leads to poor outcomes for individuals with SUD, including relapse- or overdose-related hospitalizations, ED visits, or death. In response, several states within the United States have passed laws targeting unethical practices of SUD treatment in recent years. The context in which these laws were passed has not been previously described. The extent to which states engaged in recovery residence regulation that also pass patient brokering and deceptive marketing laws is unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a descriptive study and identified state laws relating to patient brokering and deceptive marketing that were enacted and effective as of December 31, 2022. Using a model state law for addressing unethical SUD treatment practices as a guide, we developed a taxonomy to describe the laws' elements, including covered entities, prohibited activities, and penalties. We used descriptive statistics to characterize variation across current laws.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All patient brokering laws explicitly mention referrals to SUD treatment facilities, and most specify that both individuals and facilities are prohibited from paying, receiving, or soliciting referrals in exchange for fees or commissions. All deceptive marketing laws prohibit making false or misleading statements about the nature of services provided. Beyond these common features, there is wide variability in the degree to which states specifically prohibit other patient brokering and deceptive marketing activities (e.g., indirect offerings, lead generation, or kickback schemes involving laboratories).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>State policies targeting patient brokering and deceptive marketing may be useful for preventing instances of unethical SUD treatment practices. We constructed a taxonomy to characterize elements of patient brokering and deceptive marketing laws and facilitate future evaluations of their effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":516535,"journal":{"name":"Substance use & addiction journal","volume":" ","pages":"320-327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142336010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}