Substance use & addiction journal最新文献

{"title":"Wound Care Practices Among People Who Inject Drugs in Austin, Texas.","authors":"Hannah P McCullough, Heather Kane, Jessica Duncan Cance, Chryssandra Tatum, Lindsey J Loera, Lorie Kmetz, Lucas G Hill","doi":"10.1177/29767342251334203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/29767342251334203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>People who inject drugs (PWID) may develop skin and soft tissue infections because of limited access to sterile injection supplies and education regarding safer injection techniques. The purpose of this study was to assess wound care experiences, knowledge, and practices among individuals accessing community-based services and inform service provision for PWID.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using convenience sampling, participants of an organization that engages with PWID in Austin, Texas, were engaged in a multiphase mixed-methods study. Phase 1 (N = 39) included completion of a 23-item quantitative survey; eligibility required injection drug use in the past 30 days. Phase 2 (N = 20) included brief semi-structured interviews to explore wound care practices. Participants received $20 grocery store gift cards for participating in each phase. Qualitative data were analyzed using an analytic matrix to identify themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PWID reported injecting methamphetamine, heroin, and fentanyl; 53.8% (21/39) injected more than 1 substance. The same proportion (21/39) had experienced at least 1 injection-related wound in the past 6 months and reported often or always self-treating injection-related wounds. Their reasons included confidence in self-treating, lack of perceived wound severity, and experience of stigma. Interview participants described their experiences with infections, how they cleaned wounds and obtained antibiotics, how they decided when to seek medical care (eg, wound severity, confidence in self-treatment), and barriers to seeking care (eg, stigma, financial concerns).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Needs for wound care treatment and education among PWID are currently unmet, and stigma from health care providers remains a challenge to seeking early intervention for infections. Delivering wound care services and education through community-based organizations that have established credibility and connection may enhance access to care.</p>","PeriodicalId":516535,"journal":{"name":"Substance use & addiction journal","volume":"46 4","pages":"1019-1026"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145007038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"If We Didn't Have Our Babies, We Wouldn't Be Here Right Now\": A Qualitative Exploration of New Motherhood While Navigating Substance Use Disorder Recovery.","authors":"Leah Holcomb, Bonnie Treado, Rachel Mayo, Kathleen Cartmell, Lori Dickes, Jennifer Barkin, Kacey Eichelberger, Lior Rennert","doi":"10.1177/29767342251331398","DOIUrl":"10.1177/29767342251331398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postpartum women with substance use disorder (SUD) are at heightened risk of adverse health outcomes problems. The current understanding of early motherhood while managing SUD is poorly understood, as the transitional period following delivery has been a neglected area within research. This qualitative study examined how postpartum women balance new motherhood while navigating early recovery from SUDs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The primary aim was to elicit individual experiences in the context of maternal functioning (social support, psychological well-being, infant care, self-care, mother-child interaction, management, and adjustment). In 2023, we purposefully recruited a sample of postpartum women receiving residential services for SUD (N = 22) and conducted semi-structured individual interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, and codes were analyzed using deductive and subsequent inductive analysis to identify themes unique to each functioning domain among postpartum women with SUDs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants were predominately white (81%), single (86%), and between 20 and 40 years of age and were the primary caregivers for their children, and half were less than 3 months postpartum. Balancing infant care and self-care was cited as a significant challenge. Several participants expressed a need for more early parenting support and assistance in navigating social services and life after leaving residential treatment. Pregnancy catalyzed entering and remaining in treatment while remaining engaged in recovery and sustaining sobriety was a form of self-care. The social network gained as part of the treatment was frequently described as crucial for new moms to care for their children while navigating early recovery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the importance of exploring the postpartum experience and needs among postpartum people in SUD recovery. Maintaining recovery through sustainable sobriety was considered a form of self-care, indicating that the postpartum period is a critical point in both a mother's life and a unique intervention point for postpartum women with SUD.</p>","PeriodicalId":516535,"journal":{"name":"Substance use & addiction journal","volume":" ","pages":"888-900"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opioid Use Disorder Cascade of Care Among People Who Experienced Perinatal Incarceration: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Andrea K Knittel, Kristel Black, Julia Reddy, Keia Bazemore, Jordyn Kerr, Jamie Jackson, Caitlin E Martin","doi":"10.1177/29767342251338420","DOIUrl":"10.1177/29767342251338420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To use the opioid use disorder (OUD) cascade of care to explore the OUD treatment experiences and preferences of pregnant and postpartum people with OUD who experienced incarceration during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted 12 semi-structured interviews with pregnant and postpartum people with OUD who were either currently incarcerated or in a residential treatment program with experience of perinatal incarceration. The interview guide was developed using a trauma-informed approach and Reproductive Justice framework. Interview transcripts were analyzed using the rigorous and accelerated data reduction technique and a generalized inductive approach with the codebook developed a priori with topical codes from the interview guide and then expanded with interpretive codes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified themes along the OUD cascade of care. Treatment engagement was shaped by individual readiness and the availability of treatment, both in the community and during incarceration. Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) initiation was limited in some instances by the availability of the medication and, in many instances, stigma limited the desire for and ease of MOUD initiation. Participants described potential facilitators (navigation, gender-responsive services) and barriers (lack of mental health care, unmet preferences in terms of treatment format/structure) to retention in care in the community after incarceration. Participants had limited experience with sustained remission and did not identify incarceration as an effective strategy for sustained remission.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Incarceration is not an effective strategy for sustained remission. Individual, organizational, and structural supports are required to support attempts at recovery that are initiated during incarceration.</p>","PeriodicalId":516535,"journal":{"name":"Substance use & addiction journal","volume":" ","pages":"913-925"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multilevel Factors Associated With Hospitalizations in the First-Year Postpartum Among Persons With Opioid Use Disorder.","authors":"Jessica Frankeberger, Robert W S Coulter, Marian Jarlenski, Elizabeth E Krans, Christina Mair","doi":"10.1177/29767342251341171","DOIUrl":"10.1177/29767342251341171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>During the postpartum period, new parental responsibilities may compound changing social, community, and health care environments to increase risk of health and drug-related problems. This study examines both county-level and individual-level factors associated with hospitalization among individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) throughout the first-year postpartum.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort of individuals with OUD at delivery were identified in Pennsylvania hospital discharge data (n = 1966). Multilevel logistic regression models examined county-level (median household income, rurality, jail rate, OUD treatment facilities, hospital beds) and individual-level (demographics, insurance, tobacco use, other substance use disorders, mental health conditions) factors associated with inpatient hospitalizations (all-cause, OUD-related, mental health-related) in the early (0-42 days) and late (43-365 days) postpartum periods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 280 individuals (14%) with OUD had at least 1 hospitalization in the first-year postpartum. After adjustment, higher county densities of OUD treatment facilities were associated with lower odds of all 3 types of hospitalizations in early postpartum, including 80% to 86% reduced odds of OUD-related hospitalizations for those in counties with the 3 highest quartiles of treatment facility densities compared with the lowest quartile. These associations did not remain significant in late postpartum. All maternal age groups, compared with those aged 25 to 29, had increased odds of a mental health-related hospitalization in early postpartum, and the youngest age group (17-24 years) had increased odds in late postpartum. Experiencing any hospitalization from 0 to 42 days postpartum was positively associated with all 3 types of hospitalizations in late postpartum.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>County health care and drug treatment systems are associated with hospitalizations among individuals with OUD throughout the first-year postpartum. Addressing policy, sociocultural, and structural barriers to accessing these services should be a priority for improving postpartum health and reducing drug-related harms in this period.</p>","PeriodicalId":516535,"journal":{"name":"Substance use & addiction journal","volume":" ","pages":"994-1005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indicators of Intergenerational Transmission of Cannabis Use Among US Young Adults.","authors":"Yuxian Cui, Yan Wang, Cassidy R LoParco, Katelyn F Romm, Patricia A Cavazos-Rehg, Rishika Chakraborty, Darcey M McCready, Y Tony Yang, Carla J Berg","doi":"10.1177/29767342251337212","DOIUrl":"10.1177/29767342251337212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Two factors that may influence young adults' cannabis use include having cannabis-using parents (CUP) and becoming parents themselves. These factors may differentially impact certain subgroups that are more likely to use cannabis (e.g., males, those with mental health conditions or living in states with legal nonmedical cannabis). This study examined intergenerational transmission of cannabis use across US young adult subgroups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 2023 survey data among 4031 young adults (<i>M</i>_age = 26.29; 48.8% past-month cannabis use by design). Multivariable logistic regression examined whether participants had CUP and children in relation to past-month cannabis use, and the moderating effects of having CUP and children on other use-related factors, including sociodemographics (age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, relationship status), psychosocial factors (depression, anxiety disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD] diagnoses; adverse childhood events [ACEs]), and state nonmedical cannabis legalization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Having CUP (aOR = 2.90, 95% CI = 2.42, 3.47) and children (aOR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.12, 1.67) were associated with cannabis use; however, a significant interaction indicated that having children was associated with use only among those without CUP. Living in legalized states and more ACEs were also related to cannabis use only in those without CUP. For participants with children (but not those without), having association between being male and use was stronger in those with (vs without) children. Other correlates included being older, sexual minority, Hispanic, Black, unmarried, and diagnosed with depression or ADHD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Given intergenerational influences on cannabis use and related disparities, interventions targeting parental use and related communication with children are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":516535,"journal":{"name":"Substance use & addiction journal","volume":" ","pages":"960-971"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144532498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creating a Classification System of Opioid Use Disorder Treatment Policies: A Research Protocol.","authors":"Sean Grant, Rosanna Smart, Bradley D Stein","doi":"10.1177/29767342251355086","DOIUrl":"10.1177/29767342251355086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The opioid-related overdose crisis remains a public health priority in the United States. A key component of initiatives to mitigate this crisis are policies that aim to improve equitable access to effective treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD). To facilitate this goal, it is crucial to effectively use and build upon evidence from existing studies evaluating the effectiveness of OUD treatment policies, though assessing the effectiveness of policies is challenging in part due to bespoke differences in how researchers define and categorize policies. This project aimed to improve addiction research through the development of an evidence- and consensus-based classification system for OUD treatment policies. The development of this classification system will take place in 5 steps. The first step will involve a review of existing policy classification systems to create a synthesized list of labels, definitions, and relational structure for OUD treatment policies. The second step will involve a refinement of this list through examining policy labels and definitions in existing empirical studies of OUD treatment policies, with discussion and revision of the list throughout this process. The third step will involve an online expert feedback exercise on the clarity, uniqueness, and completeness of the refined classification system. The fourth step will involve reliability testing of the classification system on existing policies to examine the interrater reliability across different areas of OUD treatment policy. The fifth step will involve a sorting task to place the OUD treatment policies into final categories. A unified classification system of OUD treatment policies can facilitate comprehensive and systematic assessments of what we know from existing empirical research, identify gaps in policy approaches, inform data collection efforts, improve future scientific evaluations, and help policymakers make more informed decisions about which policies are high-value for specific outcomes in specific populations and contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":516535,"journal":{"name":"Substance use & addiction journal","volume":" ","pages":"1053-1057"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12482345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study Protocol to Increase Engagement in Evidence-Based Hospital and Community-Based Care Using a Serious Injection-Related Infections Checklist and Intensive Peer for Hospitalized PWID (ShaPe).","authors":"Margaret Baldwin, Madison Jeziorski, Mariel Parman, Kelly W Gagnon, Alana C Nichols, Davis Bradford, Kaylee Crockett, Ellen F Eaton","doi":"10.1177/29767342251339291","DOIUrl":"10.1177/29767342251339291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the ongoing drug crisis, serious injection-related infections (SIRIs), such as endocarditis, have increased significantly. Hospitalizations are a missed opportunity for persons who inject drugs (PWID) to engage in care. We developed a 5-item SIRI Checklist for providers as a standardized reminder to offer medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening, harm reduction, and referral to community-based care. We formalized an Intensive Peer Recovery Coach protocol to support PWID on discharge. We hypothesized that the SIRI Checklist and Intensive Peer Intervention would increase HIV and HCV screening, MOUD, and linkage to care: pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) prescription, MOUD prescription, and related outpatient visit(s). This is a feasibility study and randomized control trial of a Checklist and Intensive Peer intervention for hospitalized PWID with SIRI. We will randomize 60 PWID into 4 groups (SIRI Checklist, SIRI Checklist + Intensive Peer, Intensive Peer, and Standard of Care). Results will be analyzed using a 2 × 2 factorial design. Outcomes include the ability to recruit and retain hospitalized PWID and clinical data (HIV, HCV testing, MOUD, and PrEP prescriptions). By testing low-barrier interventions that are accessible and reproducible in a rural, poor state, we aim to identify models of care that promote linkage and engagement in community care.</p>","PeriodicalId":516535,"journal":{"name":"Substance use & addiction journal","volume":" ","pages":"1047-1052"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144500034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Inferiority of Online Compared With In-Person Opioid Overdose Prevention Training in Medical Students.","authors":"Noah Berland, Aaron D Fox, Keith Goldfeld, Andrea Greene, Daniel Lugassy, Kathleen Hanley, Ian S deSouza","doi":"10.1177/29767342251328755","DOIUrl":"10.1177/29767342251328755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drug overdose deaths have increased fivefold over the last 20 years, primarily fueled by synthetic opioids, which led the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to declare an opioid overdose epidemic. Responding to this epidemic, we designed and implemented opioid overdose prevention (OOP) training for medical students to help promote effective naloxone usage. Previously, we compared online and in-person versions of OOP training over 2 years of training. To better establish the evidence for online training, we performed a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial comparing in-person with online opioid prevention training.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Third-year medical students were randomized into groups to receive either in-person or online training in preparation for clinical rotations. Students randomized to receive online training were provided a link to the training modules. Students randomized to receive in-person training were trained in an in-person setting. We performed a non-inferiority per-protocol analysis with the primary outcome of knowledge using a non-inferiority margin of a -9.1% difference between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 205 students were randomized, 103 students to in-person training and 102 to online training. Eighty-three in-person students and 104 online students were included. The online group had a higher post-training knowledge score compared to the in-person group by 0.44 points (0-11 point scale) with a 95% CI of (-0.04, 0.93) that did not cross the margin of non-inferiority.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Online training for OOP was effective and non-inferior to in-person training. Online OOP training may be considered an alternative to in-person training.</p>","PeriodicalId":516535,"journal":{"name":"Substance use & addiction journal","volume":" ","pages":"821-828"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143757235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Young Adult Responses to Cannabis Prevention Message Features.","authors":"Jessica Liu, Donghee N Lee, Elise M Stevens","doi":"10.1177/29767342251329669","DOIUrl":"10.1177/29767342251329669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Given the high prevalence of cannabis use among young adults, it is important to identify and develop appealing messaging strategies that will engage young adults when presented with cannabis health information. The purpose of this study was to identify appealing image features from a cannabis prevention campaign.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional survey among N = 303 US young adults (ages 18-30) during February 2024. Consented participants reported their cannabis use and were randomly assigned to view 2 (of 6) selected images from California's \"Mind over Marijuana\" cannabis prevention campaign. Participants were prompted to select the 3 most appealing regions of the image and report perceived message effectiveness (PME). Two-sample <i>t</i>-tests were used to compare differences between participants' cannabis use status (any past-30-day use, no past-30-day use) and selected image regions. We used linear regressions to assess associations between sociodemographic factors and PME for each image.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants indicated that people's faces (19.6%-66.3%) and anti-cannabis text (29.0%-83.6%) were the most appealing. The appeal of specific regions differed for 1 image (people who currently used cannabis found text in a unique format more appealing, and people with no past-30-day use found a person holding a phone more appealing). Depending on the image, race, and sexual orientation dictated PME scores. Non-Hispanic Black race (vs Non-Hispanic White) was associated with higher PME for 3 of the 6 images, and Multiple/Other races were associated with higher PME for 1 image. Identifying as LGBTQ+ (vs heterosexual) was associated with lower PME for 1 image.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Future cannabis prevention campaigns for young adults may continue using creative and bold text as well as people when designing images.</p>","PeriodicalId":516535,"journal":{"name":"Substance use & addiction journal","volume":" ","pages":"829-836"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outpatient Initiation of 7-Day Injectable Buprenorphine: A Direct-to-Inject Case Series.","authors":"Sarah Rosenwohl-Mack, Leslie W Suen, Alexander A Logan, Damian Peterson, Hannah R Snyder","doi":"10.1177/29767342251330412","DOIUrl":"10.1177/29767342251330412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Buprenorphine is an effective treatment for opioid use disorder, but it can be challenging to avoid withdrawal in the process of buprenorphine initiation. After the recent FDA approval of 7-day long-acting injectable buprenorphine, some clinicians have used this formulation to start patients on buprenorphine without a prior sublingual \"test dose.\" Very little is known about the feasibility of this practice in an outpatient setting.</p><p><strong>Cases: </strong>In this case series, we conducted a retrospective chart review of electronic health record data for all patients who were ordered 7-day long-acting injectable buprenorphine for a \"direct-to-inject\" initiation within a single public health system from January 1, 2024 to November 15, 2024. We excluded patients who received a cumulative dose of 4 mg or more of sublingual buprenorphine in the 24 hours before injection. We reported on chart-documented patient experiences after injection, whether patients returned to care, and retention on buprenorphine at 7- and 30-days post-injection. We identified 21 unique patients who received direct-to-inject buprenorphine in 22 attempts. In 17 (77%) attempts, the patient received no buprenorphine in the preceding 24 hours. In 5 (23%) attempts, patients received some buprenorphine in the preceding 24 hours (<4 mg) and/or had evidence of buprenorphine in a same-day urine drug screen. Patient experiences post-injection fit into 1 of 3 themes: \"It felt fine\" (n = 6), \"I felt unwell but okay\" (n = 13), and \"It felt very rough\" (n = 3). Most attempts resulted in buprenorphine treatment retention at 7 days (n = 17, 77%) and 30 days (n = 16, 73%) after injection.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Direct-to-inject buprenorphine was generally well tolerated, with excellent retention on buprenorphine at 7- and 30 days post-injection. Further research is needed to evaluate the correlation between preinjection patient characteristics (time since last use, level of withdrawal) and post-injection patient experience of withdrawal.</p>","PeriodicalId":516535,"journal":{"name":"Substance use & addiction journal","volume":" ","pages":"1064-1069"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12353995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}