{"title":"Durable gifts are more common in committed (vs. New) relationships","authors":"Michael R. Ent","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2024.102222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2024.102222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Participants (<em>n</em> = 644) reported giving more durable gifts to committed relationship partners than to new relationship partners (even when controlling for the cost of the gifts). Study 1 focused on friendship; Study 2 focused on romantic relationships. In both studies, participants wrote autobiographical narratives and completed questionnaires about gift exchange. The present research extends previous work on inefficiency in gift exchange.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140948409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Do in-group biases lead to overconfidence in performance? Experimental evidence","authors":"Lia Q. Flores , Miguel A. Fonseca","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2024.102217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2024.102217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Is the phenomenon of people overestimating their skill relative to their peers (overplacement) exacerbated by group affiliation? Social identity theory predicts people evaluate in-group members more positively than out-group members, and we hypothesized that this differential treatment may result in greater overplacement when interacting with an out-group member. We tested this hypothesis with 301 US voters affiliated with either the Republican or Democratic party in the run-up to the 2020 Presidential election, a time when political identities were salient and highly polarized. We found there is a higher tendency for overplacement when faced with an out-group opponent than with an in-group opponent. Decomposition analysis suggests this difference is due to underestimating the opponent, as opposed to overestimating one’s own performance to a higher degree. Moreover, any tendency to incur in overplacement is mitigated when faced with an opponent with the same political identity relative to one with a neutral one. Group affiliation biases initial priors, but not how they are updated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214804324000557/pdfft?md5=dddafab52e588608eb94ce9568d85e24&pid=1-s2.0-S2214804324000557-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140918514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"","authors":"Aldi Aldi, Rahmatia Yunus, Nur Dwiana Sari Saudi","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2024.102215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2024.102215","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140901393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The endowment effect with different possession times and types of items","authors":"Domenico Colucci , Chiara Franco , Vincenzo Valori","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2024.102216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2024.102216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The vast literature dealing with the endowment effect (EE) revolves around untangling the various determinants that may be at work in producing the effect itself. We examine two of these likely determinants that remain under-researched: The first is the effect that the length of possession may have on the EE. The second is the type of good (tangible, intangible or exchange goods) used to test the effect. Using an online questionnaire experiment, we investigate these aspects using three different items – a mug, an Amazon gift card, and a quarterly subscription to Spotify – testing whether the EE occurs when subjects imagine owning the item for different lengths of time. We find that the EE appears clearly for all types of goods, while the results are less clear when considering the duration of possession.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214804324000545/pdfft?md5=2eccb2e869e9c50196481fe328dc5d03&pid=1-s2.0-S2214804324000545-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140785044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Climate clubs in the laboratory","authors":"Marco Casari , Alessandro Tavoni","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2024.102211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2024.102211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>International efforts to mitigate climate change are lagging behind. We study in an experiment a stylized climate club along the line of Nordhaus’s proposal to assess the behavioral effects on cooperation and surplus. We also evaluate in isolation the effects of different elements of the club design. Overall, a climate club increases cooperation but not surplus, with respect to voluntary cooperation in a baseline public good game.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140772654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shame on me: Emotions and gender differences in taking with earned endowments","authors":"Brianna Halladay , Rachel Landsman","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2024.102207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2024.102207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study gender differences in a taking-framed dictator game. We expand on past studies documenting gender differences in the taking-framed dictator game by asking whether gender differences persist when endowments are earned. We find a strong and robust gender effect. Women take less than men both in terms of overall amounts and share taken. We further elicit emotions following the taking game. Shame is positively correlated with taking behavior; this could be a contributing factor to taking aversion documented in the literature. Interestingly we do not observe gender differences in reported emotions or emotional intensity by either dictators or receivers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141078305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Overbidding and heterogeneous behavior in contest experiments:A meta-comment on cross-cultural differences","authors":"Subhasish M. Chowdhury , Matteo M. Marini","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2024.102210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2024.102210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We revisit the analyses by Sheremeta (2013) and Chowdhury and Moffatt (2017), who pool experimental data from 30 Tullock contests to explain the phenomenon of overbidding. The authors find that the overbidding rate is positively related to the number of contestants and has an inverted U-shaped relationship with the relative endowment. We reuse their data and extend the analysis in the direction of cross-cultural differences, focusing on ethno-linguistic-religious fractionalization as a country-level measure. The results suggest an increased explanatory power of the model, with fractionalization negatively relating to overbidding. In addition, the extended model shows that in the one-shot game the overbidding rate is significantly higher than in the case of repeated interactions. We discuss possible interpretations of our findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140631729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the cost of wearing white shorts in women's sport","authors":"Alex Krumer","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2024.102214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2024.102214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The menstrual cycle and associated issues are still considered taboo in many societies, causing a lack of understanding and sub-optimal decision making. Sport can effectively promote awareness of social issues in general, including those concerning the menstrual cycle. One such issue is the anxiety arising from wearing white shorts. Despite increased awareness, still over half the teams participating in the recent 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup played in white shorts. In this study, I investigated women's and men's football games from the World Cups and the European Championships between 2002 and 2023. Using regression analysis, and after controlling for teams’ abilities and other factors, I found that women's teams wearing white shorts achieved between 0.32 and 0.37 fewer points per game. No such effect was observed among men. This result illustrates that a lack of understanding of period anxiety has an immediate cost that is very easy to avoid by simply not playing in white shorts. Most importantly, given that sport is an important vehicle of gender equality, increased awareness of period anxiety could result in higher participation of women in sports and, ultimately, in narrowing other gender gaps.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214804324000521/pdfft?md5=584eeb4a1ae8e5a85515cf6bb6558261&pid=1-s2.0-S2214804324000521-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140619199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christian Diego Alcocer, Elman Roman Torres Torres
{"title":"Salience bias: A framework about the importance of prices and budget constraints perceptions","authors":"Christian Diego Alcocer, Elman Roman Torres Torres","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2024.102212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2024.102212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We postulate a general salience framework where, under bounded rationality, agents can be biased in their perception about the impact of consumption on their (intertemporal and otherwise) budget constraints. Under weak assumptions, we prove this distorts several aspects of their consumption and production plans, and, in order to estimate the willingness to pay to get rid of these biases, we measure how this distortion generates inefficiencies. We provide three applications. First, we trace and illustrate the consequences of applying this salience framework to assess the impact of underestimating labor’s effects on nonlinear (or linear) budget constraints. Second, following a traditional hyperbolic intertemporal model, we add salience biases to disentangle and measure the effects of present vs. salience biases, which are generally confounded. This allows us to address the heterogeneous effects of some nudges. Third, we investigate the implications of firm managers incurring salience biases in production plans. With these results, we derive monetary estimations about inefficiency costs and talk about their policy implications. Finally, we discuss experimental designs that test the existence of salience biases and distinguish them from other present biases such as hyperbolic discounting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214804324000508/pdfft?md5=b45976e2adeaa8bed06642be1a9f048b&pid=1-s2.0-S2214804324000508-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140649327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The political divide: The case of expectations and preferences","authors":"Trent McNamara , Roberto Mosquera","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2024.102213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2024.102213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The divergence of attitudes towards their ideological extremes has become an identifying feature in the United States. Little is known about its source, how large it is, whether information can attenuate it, and its causal impact on civic behavior. We design a survey experiment that identifies differences in beliefs rather than preferences as a source of division. We randomly introduce factual information about government spending and show that it corrects beliefs. We further use this variation and estimate effects on a suite of outcomes. For individuals who learn the government spends worse than they would prefer, they become 0.35 s.d. less supportive towards the government, believe the government is less efficient by 0.42 s.d.<!--> <!-->and are less willing to compromise and trust by 0.43 s.d. We do not find any changes for those who learn the government spends more in line with their preferences. This asymmetric response is consistent with a literature showing that negative information has a greater impact on attitudes and beliefs than positive information.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140774627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}