Lukas Bonar Nainggolan , Alfons Oude Lansink , Jens Rommel , Julia Höhler
{"title":"Collective agreements and social norms in impure public goods provision: Experimental evidence from farmers and foresters","authors":"Lukas Bonar Nainggolan , Alfons Oude Lansink , Jens Rommel , Julia Höhler","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2026.102579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2026.102579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural and forestry production are inherently connected to the provision of impure public goods, yet public good provision generally remains below socially optimal levels. One promising approach to increase provision are social norms and non-binding collective agreements facilitated through cooperatives, although existing evidence on their effectiveness is mixed. We conducted a threshold public goods experiment with 141 farmers and foresters from Greece and Italy to examine the effectiveness of collective agreements and the relationship between social norms and cooperation. Our results show that non-binding collective agreements significantly increase individual contributions. We contribute to the literature by showing that not only average social norms, but also their distribution, are correlated with individual contributions, with greater heterogeneity within groups associated with lower contributions. Overall, focal points are shaped by expectations of peers’ contributions. Two key implications follow: cooperatives can effectively facilitate collective action, and managing heterogeneity among farmers and foresters is essential for sustaining cooperation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 102579"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147849437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The sound of cooperation and deception when stakes are high","authors":"Mónica Capra , Matthew Gomies , Shanshan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2026.102570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2026.102570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines whether acoustic features of the human voice contain information about cooperative and deceptive behavior in high-stakes environments. We analyze two naturalistic datasets in which speech is produced under meaningful incentives: (i) the British TV game show “Golden Balls” and (ii) courtroom testimonies from “Real-life Trial”. Using machine-learning models estimated separately by speaker gender, we find that voice-only models consistently outperform benchmark predictions, and Shapley-based decompositions show that vocal cues contribute a substantial and nonredundant share of predictive performance relative to text. Logistic regression analyses identify specific acoustic markers, such as pitch, intonation, and harmonics-to-noise ratio, associated with cooperative and deceptive behavior that differ across contexts and genders. Finally, cross-context prediction shows voice features have limited transferability. Our results highlight voice as a scalable and informative source of process data for behavioral economics and field research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 102570"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147802225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sai Shiva Jayanth Reddy , Sthanu R Nair , Srinivasulu Rajendran , Patrick S. Ward
{"title":"Impact of text messages on farmers' adoption of agriculture app and its effect on farm level outcomes","authors":"Sai Shiva Jayanth Reddy , Sthanu R Nair , Srinivasulu Rajendran , Patrick S. Ward","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2026.102574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2026.102574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Smartphones and Mobile phone applications (MPAs) are increasingly promoted as cost-effective tools to improve agricultural decision-making and farm outcomes in developing countries. However, adoption of such digital technologies remains limited. This study evaluates the behavioral impact of periodic text reminders on adoption of a smartphone-based MPA and assesses the MPA's subsequent effects on farm-level outcomes. We conducted a randomised controlled trial (RCT) with 1006 farmers in rural India, where half the participants received text message nudges encouraging them to use MPA. The reminders significantly increased adoption, as measured by app installation and login activity, though they did not affect the total time spent on MPA. Using an instrumental variable approach, we estimate the causal impact of MPA use on two farm outcomes: prices received for crop output and expenditure on inputs (pesticides and fertilisers). We find that greater engagement with MPA leads to higher output prices and lower input costs, suggesting improvements in market access and input-use efficiency. These results demonstrate how low-cost behavioral interventions, such as SMS nudges, can support diffusion and effective use of digital tools in agriculture. The findings offer actionable insights for policy initiatives aimed at enhancing agriculture productivity and efficiency through behavioural and technological innovations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 102574"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147802227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gender bias in peer performance evaluations","authors":"Perihan O. Saygin , Thomas Knight","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2026.102568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2026.102568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peer performance evaluations are an important determinant of hiring and promotion decisions, but how objective are they? To tackle this question, we measure gender bias in performance evaluations in a large course at a flagship public university. We exploit the random assignments of both peer evaluators and blinded official graders over several essay assignments, where they are incentivized to match official blinded grades. We find that male peer graders assign higher scores to classmates without female-sounding names in content, but lower scores in writing style. Interestingly, we do not find such biases for female graders. Our findings highlight potential challenges of designing fair assessment practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 102568"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147802224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of misinformation on consumer choices","authors":"Boris Knapp , Dominik Stelzeneder","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2026.102576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2026.102576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Misinformation – such as fake reviews or biased recommendations – poses a challenge for consumers that can be conceptualized as a two-step problem: First, they need to judge the credibility of the signal. Second, they need to update their prior beliefs conditional on their judgment and the signal realization. This paper reports on an experiment that disentangles both steps utilizing a novel approach that requires neither belief elicitation nor structural estimation of utility parameters. We utilize a mixed design, comparing subjects’ decisions in one of three treatments to their individually optimal decision. The sequential nature of our experiment allows us to design a task that elicits the individually optimal decision directly. While we find no overall treatment effects, we uncover substantial heterogeneity: the interventions improved decision accuracy for male participants and for those with higher cognitive ability and education, but had no significant effect on others.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 102576"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147802226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Choice-matching for incentive-compatible elicitation of stated preferences: Field evidence for a public good","authors":"Ewa Zawojska, Michał Krawczyk","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2026.102577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2026.102577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stated preferences should ideally be elicited in ways that align respondents’ interests with truthful preference disclosure. Survey design conditions for such incentive compatibility typically rely on consequentiality; that is, respondents’ perceptions that their survey responses matter for a final outcome. By contrast, this study aims to empirically test a novel theoretical approach that allows for incentive-compatible elicitation of preferences toward a hypothetical good. The choice-matching approach, proposed by Cvitanić et al. (2019), is applied here to design a stated-preference elicitation procedure for a public good that is intended to be incentive compatible. While choice-matching has been originally designed for a multiple-choice question, we adapt it here to an open-ended elicitation by mapping continuous responses into a finite number of value intervals. We conduct an online experiment mirroring a standard stated preference survey used for the valuation of public goods. We implement two versions of the survey questionnaire: one employing the incentive-compatible choice-matching approach and another representing a typical, unincentivized setting. We find that open-ended willingness-to-pay values are statistically significantly higher when stated under choice-matching than when expressed under unincentivized conditions. The paper discusses why the results may be regarded as supporting the use of choice-matching for stated preference elicitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 102577"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147849435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Short planning horizons and the Save More Tomorrow program","authors":"Erin Cottle Hunt , T. Scott Findley","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2025.102388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Motivated by evidence that households face significant behavioral/cognitive challenges with planning very far into the future regarding retirement preparation, we construct a life-cycle model of consumption and saving in which a representative individual is shortsighted due to having a short planning horizon. A novel feature of our model is that the individual participates in a <em>Save More Tomorrow</em> (SMarT) retirement saving program à la Thaler and Benartzi (2004). Our quantitative-theoretic findings indicate that participation in a SMarT program increases the well-being of a shortsighted individual for a large set of the parameter space examined. And, of notable importance, these welfare gains occur in the absence of any credit market frictions or imperfections. We also find that the welfare benefits from participation in the SMarT program are smaller in magnitude if a shortsighted individual decumulates their assets at their discretion during retirement, compared to the case in which the SMarT asset account balance is annuitized at retirement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102388"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147397535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Convergent and external validity of risk preferences elicitation methods: Evidence from Vietnam","authors":"Trang Thu Vu , Alistair Munro","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2026.102534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2026.102534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the validity of various risk preference elicitation methods among farmers in rural Vietnam by conducting a field survey and experiment. Elicitation methods include four hypothetical tasks and three incentivized tasks. The hypothetical tasks contain a set of self-assessment questions, multiple price list and a set of hypothetical questions taken from a Vietnamese household survey. Most participants show no difficulty understanding the elicitation tasks. Most elicitation tasks provide evidence that participants are, on average, risk averse. Participants appear less risk-averse in the self-assessment of risk attitude than other methods. Unlike other studies on supporting the use of self-assessment in survey, we find that self-assessment has limited validity as it has the least or no relation with other measures as well as low predictive power of risky behaviors. These differences could reflect contextual factors between developed and developing countries. The findings further indicate that the MPL and loss-gain tasks, particularly in incentivized settings, capture behavioral patterns more consistent with real-life decisions. Accordingly, incentivized MPL and loss-gain tasks may be most suitable for researchers seeking an in-depth understanding of risk preferences, while their hypothetical versions can serve as practical tools for quick assessments or for use as control variables. While these results are encouraging, further research is needed to confirm their robustness across different contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102534"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147397574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Time preferences, sophistication, and trustworthiness in ROSCA participation: Theory and field experimental evidence","authors":"Quang Nguyen , Huong Trang Kim , Hoang Minh Trinh","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2026.102535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2026.102535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We explore how individual behavioral characteristics—namely, time preferences, trustworthiness, and self‐awareness of present bias—shape participation in rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs), a prominent type of informal financial institution. We develop a model that integrates quasi‐hyperbolic discounting, trustworthiness, and agent sophistication to derive a sorting equilibrium between fixed and bidding ROSCAs. Our model reveals that more patient, sophisticated, and trustworthy agents derive greater value from the commitment features of fixed ROSCAs. In contrast, more present‐biased and naïve individuals favor the liquidity premium offered by bidding ROSCAs, even though this design exposes them to higher default risk. We next test the model by conducting experiments with both ROSCA participants and non‐participants. Our findings provide strong evidence for the model's core behavioral mechanisms. Fixed ROSCA participants exhibit significantly lower discount rates than bidding ROSCA participants; in multivariate participation regressions, the discount rate is negatively associated with participation and is statistically significant at the 10% level. Fixed ROSCA members are also significantly more trustworthy, with trustworthiness effects differing markedly across institutional contexts. Present bias patterns align with theoretical predictions, with bidding ROSCA participants in the South showing significantly greater present bias than non-participants. These results shed new insights into the behavioral foundations of informal financial participation and provide policy‐relevant implications for improving financial stability and inclusion in developing economies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102535"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147397578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura Moritz , Riccardo Spada , Jens Rommel , Tobias Dalhaus , Simone Cerroni
{"title":"Risk preferences and other (ignored) behavioral factors in fertilizer management decisions: A systematic literature review","authors":"Laura Moritz , Riccardo Spada , Jens Rommel , Tobias Dalhaus , Simone Cerroni","doi":"10.1016/j.socec.2026.102524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socec.2026.102524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fertilizer management decisions entail significant economic and environmental implications at the farm and global levels. However, both underuse and overuse of fertilizers often occur, deviating from the economically optimal use. This raises the question of why non-optimal fertilizer behavior persists. One possible explanation is the influence of behavioral factors on farmers' decision-making processes. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of behavioral factors in decision-making under risk and uncertainty, focusing on their association with fertilizer decisions in high-income countries. Fertilizer management decisions are inherently risky due to the presence of different sources of uncertainty, such as fertilizer prices, crop yields, and output prices. Our review of 64 peer-reviewed articles shows that most research focuses exclusively on farmers’ risk preferences, often using expected utility theory. Few notable exceptions incorporate broader behavioral considerations. Our findings highlight the need for future research that extends beyond risk preferences and incorporates non-standard decision theories into fertilizer decision models. This could help explain some of the non-optimal fertilizer behaviors observed in practice. Finally, we emphasize the importance of combining primary data-driven behavioral research with secondary data to create a more comprehensive understanding of fertilizer decision-making. These insights may be applicable to other decision-making within and beyond agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102524"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}