Euroasian journal of hepato-gastroenterology最新文献

{"title":"Characterizing Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Lean Individuals at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Shamim Nazir, Zaigham Abbas, Darayus P Gazder, Sania Maqbool, Shaukat Ali Samejo, Manesh Kumar","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1452","DOIUrl":"10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fat accumulation in the liver is affecting 38% of the global population. It can also occur in normal-weight individuals, termed lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study examines Asian and Western body mass index (BMI) criteria, as well as metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) diagnostic guidelines, in lean fatty liver cases within a healthcare setting.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study was cross-sectional included 111 lean patients diagnosed with NAFLD using either ultrasound or VCTE from January 2023 to March 2024. Anthropometric, laboratory and non-invasive liver fibrosis evaluation parameters were used. The study assessed clinical characteristics and metabolic risk factors of patients with BMI ≤ 23 kg/m² and BMI between 23 and ≤ 25 kg/m² using MASLD and MAFLD diagnostic criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort included NAFLD patients with a mean age of 43.3 years (±13.2 years). Of the participants, 33% were diagnosed through ultrasonography, whereas 67% diagnosis were made via Fibro scan. Majority were male 92 (83%), while females were 19 (17%) of the entire group. The lean NAFLD criteria for Asia and the West were satisfied by 43 (39%) persons with a BMI ≤ 23 kg/m² and 68 (61%) individuals with a BMI between 23 and ≤ 25 kg/m², respectively. The average body mass index (BMI) was 23.0 ± 1.5 kg/m². Diabetes was observed in 16%, hypertension 11%, and ischemic heart disease in 2%. Out of the total individuals, 92 satisfied the MASLD-MAFLD criteria, whereas 18 did not qualify the MAFLD criteria for diagnosis and were classed as MASLD-Alone. Elevated triglycerides, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR ≥ 2), and three or more cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) were significant in the MASLD-MAFLD group compared to the MASLD-Alone group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Comparing BMI criteria, no significant differences were found in terms of fibrosis between the Western and Asian lean NAFLD BMI criteria's (<i>p</i> = 0.243).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lean NAFLD is a major global health concern. Applying non-Asian BMI criteria (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m²) for lean Asians improves early detection and intervention for at-risk individuals. Accurate use of MAFLD and MASLD criteria is essential to prevent confusion in diagnosing lean NAFLD. Further multicenter investigations with larger sample numbers are required to corroborate these results in our community.</p><p><strong>How to cite this article: </strong>Nazir S, Abbas Z, Gazder DP, <i>et al.</i> Characterizing Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Lean Individuals at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2024;14(2):198-204.</p>","PeriodicalId":516317,"journal":{"name":"Euroasian journal of hepato-gastroenterology","volume":"14 2","pages":"198-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11714105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complete Response with Immunotherapy Alone after Discontinuing VEGF Inhibitor in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report.","authors":"Mohammad Ss Naviwala, Daania Shoaib, Waqas A Khan, Adeeba Zaki","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1455","DOIUrl":"10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bevacizumab and atezolizumab combination is one of the preferred combinations for managing advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while the evidence on monotherapy with either agent is not convincing. We present a case of a man in his 50s diagnosed with HCC with spinal metastases who showed a good response to combination therapy. However, he developed severe proteinuria and hypertension secondary to bevacizumab, which had to be discontinued after 18 cycles. After an informed decision, atezolizumab was continued and the patient showed a sustained response. Till date, he has received 16 additional cycles of atezolizumab monotherapy after discontinuation of bevacizumab and continues to show a persistent response, with a progression-free survival of over 30 months now. It needs to be prospectively evaluated if atezolizumab's effectiveness as monotherapy for extended periods, as in our report, is a residual effect of initial combination therapy or if HCC is intrinsically responsive to immunotherapy alone.</p><p><strong>How to cite this article: </strong>Naviwala MSS, Shoaib D, Khan WA, <i>et al.</i> Complete Response with Immunotherapy Alone after Discontinuing VEGF Inhibitor in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2024;14(2):246-250.</p>","PeriodicalId":516317,"journal":{"name":"Euroasian journal of hepato-gastroenterology","volume":"14 2","pages":"246-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11714098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Boundaries: Breast Cancer Metastasizing to Colon-An Insight into a Rare yet Significant Clinical Scenario: A Case Series.","authors":"Mirza Faraz Saeed, Safa H Rahma, Maryam S Alrabeea, Noor A Albastaki, Isam M Juma","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1449","DOIUrl":"10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colorectal metastasis from primary breast cancer is rare and presents a challenge for diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To report two cases of colorectal metastasis from a primary invasive lobular breast carcinoma (ILBC) with different presentations while discussing the mode of diagnosis, immunohistochemistry (IHC), course of treatment, and response.</p><p><strong>Case descriptions: </strong></p><p><strong>Case 1: </strong>A 47-year-old female, with a known case of bilateral invasive lobular breast cancer, was diagnosed in 2015 and staged as p Tx N3 M0. She underwent a bilateral nipple-sparing mastectomy and presented 8 years later with complaints of left-sided abdominal pain and altered bowel habits for 2 months. She underwent a colonoscopy, and an erythematous area was noted in the ascending colon, and narrowings were seen in the transverse and rectosigmoid junction. Histopathological findings were consistent with metastatic ILBC with the same IHC pattern.</p><p><strong>Case 2: </strong>A 52-year-old woman presented in September 2019 with a 1-month history of constipation, generalized colicky abdominal pain, 7 kg weight loss, nausea, and anorexia. She underwent a colonoscopy, which revealed a malignant-appearing apple-core lesion at the proximal rectum with severe stenosis that could not be bypassed. A PET-CT showed suspicious breast lesions, and after further investigations and biopsies, she was diagnosed with primary invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast with rectal metastasis.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>With the increasing incidence of both colorectal and breast cancer and the rarity of breast cancer metastasis to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), this case series aims to highlight the growing incidence of lobular breast cancer metastasis to the colon and to shed light on the importance of further research in this area in terms of early detection and treatment to improve the prognosis of such patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case series highlights the clinical presentations, diagnosis, histopathology, challenges, and trials of treatment in our patients. These findings show the importance of considering gastrointestinal (GI) involvement in breast cancer patients and the need for multidisciplinary approaches to achieve better outcomes. However, this is an area of need for more research and awareness to improve the understanding and management of GI metastases from breast cancer.</p><p><strong>How to cite this article: </strong>Saeed MF, Rahma SH, Alrabeea MS, <i>et al.</i> Beyond Boundaries: Breast Cancer Metastasizing to Colon-An Insight into a Rare yet Significant Clinical Scenario: A Case Series. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2024;14(2):238-243.</p>","PeriodicalId":516317,"journal":{"name":"Euroasian journal of hepato-gastroenterology","volume":"14 2","pages":"238-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11714109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiological Profile of Obstructive Jaundice and Acute Cholangitis: Three-year Data from a Tertiary Care Center in Eastern India.","authors":"Saroj K Sahu, Preetam Nath, Bipadabhanjan Mallick, Dibyalochan Praharaj, Suprabhat Giri, Sarat C Panigrahi, Anil C Anand","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1448","DOIUrl":"10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Obstructive jaundice (OJ) and acute cholangitis (AC) are common presentations of biliary obstruction. In Eastern India, data regarding the causes of OJ and AC are scarce. This study aimed to determine the etiological spectrum of OJ and AC in a tertiary center in Eastern India.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The data of consecutive patients admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology from January 2021 to December 2023 with a diagnosis of OJ with or without AC was collected from the hospital's computerized database. The data were analyzed for different etiologies of OJ and AC. The results were compared with the various etiologies of OJ reported in previous publications from different centers across India.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Totally 772 patients were admitted during this period with a diagnosis of OJ with or without AC. There were 368 male and 404 female patients with a male-to-female ratio of 0.91. In 454 (58.8%) and 309 (41.2%) cases, the etiology of OJ was benign biliary obstruction (BBO) and malignant biliary obstruction (MBO), respectively. The etiologies of BBO-associated OJ were choledocholithiasis (51%) and distal biliary stricture (9%). The causes of MBO-associated OJ were gallbladder cancer (GBC) (21%), periampullary malignancy (10.2%), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) (5.3%), and carcinoma head of the pancreas (3.4%). Acute cholangitis was observed in 203 (26.2%) with OJ; 23% and 10% of cases of BBO-associated OJ and MBO-associated OJ had AC, respectively. BBOs that presented with AC were choledocholithiasis (50.24%) and distal biliary stricture (14.77%). Similarly, MBOs that presented with AC were GBC (16.74%), periampullary malignancy (10.34%), CCA (6.4%), and carcinoma head of the pancreas (0.0098%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among the etiologies of AC and OJ, BBOs were more common than MBOs. The most common cause of OJ was choledocholithiasis. Gallbladder cancer was the second most common cause of OJ and the most common cause of malignancy-associated OJ. The most common benign and malignant etiologies of AC were choledocholithiasis and GBC, respectively.</p><p><strong>How to cite this article: </strong>Sahu SK, Nath P, Mallick B, <i>et al.</i> Etiological Profile of Obstructive Jaundice and Acute Cholangitis: Three-year Data from a Tertiary Care Center in Eastern India. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2024;14(2):187-190.</p>","PeriodicalId":516317,"journal":{"name":"Euroasian journal of hepato-gastroenterology","volume":"14 2","pages":"187-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11714100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Osteosarcopenia and Frailty in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease.","authors":"Shamim Nazir, Zaigham Abbas, Shaima Amjad, Abeer Altaf, Muhammad Ali Qadeer, Sania Maqbool, Mehreen Siyal, Manesh Kumar","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1442","DOIUrl":"10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic liver disease (CLD) can have a significant impact on the nutritional status of patients. Malnutrition is an under-recognized condition in patients with cirrhosis. Malnutrition increases the incidence and severity of decompensation, increases the risk of infections, and increases mortality. The present study aimed to assess osteosarcopenia and frailty in patients with CLD.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This prospective cross-sectional study included 151 cases of CLD, aged between 18 and 85 years. Anthropometric measurements were performed. Sarcopenia was assessed by handgrip strength using a hand-held dynamometer. Bone mineral density was measured with the help of an office-based DEXA scan (Osteosys). Liver frailty was assessed through performance-based tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 151 patients, 98 were male (69.5%); mean age was 51.8 ± 13.2. The presarcopenia was seen in 91 (60%) patients, and sarcopenia in 45(30%). Osteopenia was present in 75 (50%) and osteoporosis in 24 (16%). The patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis had a high liver frailty index (LFI) (<i>p</i>-value < 0.001). A significant correlation between body mass index, waist circumference, LFI, calcium level, bilirubin and Child Pugh scores was seen with T and Z scores. Factors associated with low bone mineral density included increasing age and LFI, low calcium and higher PTH.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a high prevalence of pre-sarcopenia, sarcopenia, osteopenia, osteoporosis and high frailty in our patients with CLD. Early detection and timely intervention in these conditions are important to reduce the associated consequences. All patients with CLD should be assessed for osteosarcopenia and frailty, both at baseline and longitudinally.</p><p><strong>How to cite this article: </strong>Nazir S, Abbas Z, Amjad S, <i>et al.</i> Prevalence of Osteosarcopenia and Frailty in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2024;14(2):156-159.</p>","PeriodicalId":516317,"journal":{"name":"Euroasian journal of hepato-gastroenterology","volume":"14 2","pages":"156-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11714115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Chewing Gum on the Return of Bowel Activity after Colorectal Cancer Surgery.","authors":"Talha Zargar, Bilal A Wagay, Imad Banday, Mohd Fazlul Haq, Fazl Q Parray, Meeran Banday, Hanna Zahoor Hamdani","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1456","DOIUrl":"10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols advocate for early enteral feeding to prevent postoperative ileus. Chewing gum acts as a type of sham feeding that triggers the cephalic phase of digestion by stimulating the cephalic vagus nerve. This can enhance gastrointestinal motility and may lead to quicker recovery of gas and bowel movements.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess how chewing gum during the early postoperative phase affects the duration of postoperative ileus in terms of time to appreciation of first flatus, time to passage of first stools, and duration of hospital stay.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study was conducted in our division of colorectal surgery. This is a case-control study carried out over three years (2020-2023). A total of 100 patients were included, the first 50 were allocated to the control group, and another 50 were allocated to the chewing gum group. All patients above the age of 14 years who underwent resection for colorectal cancers were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age in the control group was 51.44 years and that in the chewing gum group was 50.04 years. The average duration of surgery for the control group was 156.3 minutes (2.6 hours) and 163.8 minutes (2.7 hours) in the chewing gum group. The average time of passage of the first flatus in the chewing gum group was 51.28 hours compared to 66.26 hours in the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.0002). The average time to first bowel movement in the chewing gum group was 71.42 hours. In comparison, the time to first bowel movement in the control group was 85.78 hours (<i>p</i> = 0.000011). The average hospital stay in the chewing gum group was 6.3 days and that in the control group was 6.4 days (<i>p</i> = 0.274254).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chewing gum as a means of sham feeding is a cost-friendly method that significantly decreases the postoperative ileus but has no effect on postoperative hospital stay.</p><p><strong>How to cite this article: </strong>Zargar T, Wagay BA, Banday I, <i>et al.</i> The Effect of Chewing Gum on the Return of Bowel Activity after Colorectal Cancer Surgery. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2024;14(2):210-213.</p>","PeriodicalId":516317,"journal":{"name":"Euroasian journal of hepato-gastroenterology","volume":"14 2","pages":"210-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11714110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Outcomes of the Frey Procedure: A Single-center Perspective.","authors":"Vimalakar R Eppa, Raju Musham, Gayatri Senapathy","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1445","DOIUrl":"10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1445","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Chronic pancreatitis is a severe, ongoing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by significant abdominal pain and deficiencies in both exocrine and endocrine functions. This condition greatly reduces overall well-being, induces psychological distress, and results in a considerable economic burden. The primary indication for surgical intervention is uncontrollable pain. Frey's procedure is the preferred surgical option.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;This research aims to assess the effectiveness of long-term pain management in individuals with chronic pancreatitis who have undergone the Frey procedure, using a validated pain assessment tool. Additionally, it evaluates exocrine and endocrine insufficiencies along with overall quality of life.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This is a retrospectively analyzed prospective study conducted at KIMS-Sunshine Hospital, Secunderabad. We evaluated 48 patients who underwent the Frey procedure from 2016 to 2021, each with a follow-up period of at least 1 year. The assessment comprised the validated Izbicki pain score along with evaluations of exocrine and endocrine functions, quality of life using the SF-6 questionnaire, and nutritional status, considering factors such as steatorrhea, glycemic control, and weight gain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The total number of patients enrolled was 52. Four patients were identified intraoperatively as having malignancy by frozen section and were therefore converted to the Whipple procedure. Therefore, 48 patients (30 = male, 18 = female, mean age 35.2 years) were analyzed in this study. About 6 patients underwent hepaticojejunostomy along with Frey's procedure in view of benign biliary stricture.In this study of 48 patients, the preoperative mean overall pain score was 66.67. Postoperative mean overall pain scores were recorded at 3, 12, 36, and 60 months, showing values of 6.27, 6.37, 8.26, and 8.42, respectively. These results indicate a clear and statistically significant (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) reduction in pain both in the immediate and extended follow-up periods.In the first 3 months following surgery, there was weight gain in most of the patients (65%). Though some patients showed mild weight loss subsequently on long-term follow-up, it was not statistically significant (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-value = 0.041).The SF-36 quality of life questionnaire indicated a general improvement in quality of life for the entire group, largely attributable to a reduction in pain. Preoperatively, the mean physical component score (PCS) and mental component score (MCS) were 25.37 ± 6.67 and 26.28 ± 9.94, respectively. These scores increased to 57.78 ± 15.56 and 48.30 ± 26.82 at 3 years, with a &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-value of &lt; 0.05.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Frey's procedure is safe and effective in relieving pain in chronic calcific pancreatitis (CCP) with improved quality of life and seems to be better than PD stenting. However, it has no rol","PeriodicalId":516317,"journal":{"name":"Euroasian journal of hepato-gastroenterology","volume":"14 2","pages":"182-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11714101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rare Case of Dysphagia: A Case Report.","authors":"Nazish Butt, Ghulam Mohiuddin, Muhammad Raza","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1453","DOIUrl":"10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Esophageal leiomyomas (EL) are the most common benign tumors of the esophagus, being pedunculated polyp presentation is very rare. A 65-year-old female presented with symptoms of troublesome dysphagia. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) performed revealed a pedunculated polyp of ~ 3 × 1.7 × 1.5 cm in size covered by normal-looking mucosa. The polypoid lesion was then removed successfully with a hot polypectomy snare. The histopathological diagnosis of the polyp turned out to be leiomyoma. Patient symptoms were relieved after successful removal.</p><p><strong>How to cite this article: </strong>Butt N, Mohiuddin G, Raza M. A Rare Case of Dysphagia: A Case Report. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2024;14(2):244-245.</p>","PeriodicalId":516317,"journal":{"name":"Euroasian journal of hepato-gastroenterology","volume":"14 2","pages":"244-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11714099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Mortality in Patients with Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis.","authors":"Danish Kumar, Vijesh Kumar, Raja Taha Yaseen Khan, Partab Dawani, Priya Ramesh, Sheena Kumari, Riya Bai, Abdullah Nasir, Hina Ismail, Zain Majid, Abbas Ali Tasneem, Muhammad Q Panezai, Imdad Ali, Nasir Hasan Luck","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1436","DOIUrl":"10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite treatment with antibiotic therapy, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) accounts for approximately 20-40% mortality in hospitalized patients. The data is scarce regarding mortality predictors in SBP. Recently, multiple factors have been studied for effectiveness in prognosis prediction in SBP. Therefore, in this study, our main objective was to evaluate the mortality predictors in SBP.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Hepatogastroenterology, from January 2022 to June 2023. All the patients aged between 18 and 65 years having decompensated chronic liver disease and diagnosed with SBP were enrolled in the study. The excluded population comprised of those who were on hemodialysis, those having history of any solid organ malignancy or transplantation or patients suffering from infections such as those caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or infections other than SBP. These patients were followed during the hospital stay and after the discharge monthly for 3 months and then at 6 months to assess mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 142 cirrhotic patients having SBP were enrolled in the study. Among them, most of them were males [98 (69%)]. Viral hepatitis (65.4%) was the most common cause of cirrhosis in studied population. On univariate analysis, serum total leukocyte count (TLC), international normalized ratio (INR), ascitic TLC, ascitic neutrophils, ascitic lactate, ascitic LDH, CTP score, MELD-Na were significantly higher while serum albumin was significantly lower in the patients who died as compared to those who survived. However, on multivariate cox regression analysis, high serum TLC (<i>p</i> = 0.013), ascitic fluid lactate (<i>p</i> < 0.001) along with high CTP (<i>p</i> = 0.041) and MELD-Na score (<i>p</i> = 0.037) at presentation were the factors that were identified as an independent poor prognostic factors in SBP population.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cirrhotic patients with SBP are at increased risk of mortality. In our study we observed that high prognostic scores such as CTP and MELD-Na at presentation along with increased white blood cell counts and high ascitic fluid lactate levels at presentation are the potential and reliable predictors of mortality in SBP patients.</p><p><strong>How to cite this article: </strong>Kumar D, Kumar V, Khan RTY, <i>et al.</i> Predictors of Mortality in Patients with Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2024;14(2):125-128.</p>","PeriodicalId":516317,"journal":{"name":"Euroasian journal of hepato-gastroenterology","volume":"14 2","pages":"125-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11714104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Newer Diagnostic Virological Markers for Hepatitis B Virus Infection.","authors":"Reshu Agarwal, Ekta Gupta, Jasmine Samal, Sheetalnath Rooge, Akshita Gupta","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1450","DOIUrl":"10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) remains a major public health problem, leading to various complications such as liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The existing diagnostic markers for Hepatitis B virus (HBV) are limited in distinguishing different CHB phases and intra-hepatic viral replication activity. In the past few years, several non-invasive potential blood markers that reflect viral intra-hepatic replicative state more accurately have been in progress and are gaining importance. Despite substantial efforts, the clinical utility of these new markers in CHB management is limited and unexplored. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss some of the newer HBV markers, their potential role in the diagnosis and monitoring of CHB patients.</p><p><strong>How to cite this article: </strong>Agarwal R, Gupta E, Samal J, <i>et al.</i> Newer Diagnostic Virological Markers for Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2024;14(2):214-220.</p>","PeriodicalId":516317,"journal":{"name":"Euroasian journal of hepato-gastroenterology","volume":"14 2","pages":"214-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11714116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}